We hear this all the time.

我們經常聽到這種說法。

"Your vagina will become loose after giving birth."

"你的陰道在分娩後會變得鬆弛。"

I really do think this is a myth,

我真的認為這是個神話。

and one that we hear quite a bit.

也是我們經常聽到的一個問題。

[sighs] My favorite.

[嘆氣]我的最愛。

"Once you have one C-section,

"一旦你做了一次剖腹產。

you'll need to keep having them."

你將需要繼續擁有它們。"

One C-section doesn't mean always a C-section.

剖腹產一次並不意味著總是剖腹產。

I'm Dr. Laura Riley,

我是勞拉-萊利博士。

and I'm the chair of OB-GYN at Weill Cornell Medicine

我是威爾康奈爾醫學院的婦產科主任。

and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.

和紐約長老會醫院。

I'm a high-risk obstetrician,

我是一名高風險的產科醫生。

otherwise known as maternal fetal medicine specialist.

也就是所謂的母體胎兒醫學專家。

And I'm Dr. Dena Goffman.

我是迪娜-戈夫曼博士。

I'm the chief of obstetrics at Columbia University

我是哥倫比亞大學的產科主任

and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.

和紐約長老會醫院。

I'm also a maternal fetal medicine physician,

我也是一名母體胎兒醫學的醫生。

and today we will be debunking postpartum myths.

而今天我們將揭穿產後的神話。

"Your baby bump disappears after you give birth."

"你的寶貝疙瘩在你生產後就消失了。"

We wish.

我們希望。

Your baby bump is probably going to last

你的嬰兒凸起可能會持續下去

several weeks after birth,

出生後數週。

so don't bring anything too tight

所以不要帶太緊的東西

to the hospital to go home with.

到了醫院就可以回家了。

You still have the baby bump because your uterus

你仍然有寶寶的凸起，因為你的子宮

does not completely contract down to its normal size

並未完全收縮到正常大小

after having a baby.

生完孩子後。

There is normal weight gain in pregnancy,

懷孕期間有正常的體重增加。

which isn't lost immediately.

這並沒有立即失去。

Decrease in bowel function.

腸道功能下降。

Everything needs to sort of take time

一切都需要花點時間

to move back towards normal.

向正常方向發展。

So don't be discouraged if it takes time

是以，如果需要時間，也不要灰心。

for your baby bump to disappear.

為你的嬰兒凸起消失。

"Your vagina will become loose after giving birth."

"你的陰道在分娩後會變得鬆弛。"

There may be changes in the short term.

短期內可能會有變化。

And they'll say, "Oh, it just doesn't feel right."

他們會說，"哦，它只是感覺不對"。

You know, my answer to that

你知道，我的回答是

is just give it a little bit of time.

是隻要給它一點時間。

The blood flow to the vagina is great,

流向陰道的血流量很大。

and so it's going to heal really quickly.

是以，它將會很快痊癒。

Those lacerations will heal,

這些傷痕會癒合的。

but it may take a little bit more time

但它可能需要更多一點時間

for some of the swelling to go away,

以使一些腫脹消失。

but that's going to all get better within weeks.

但這一切都會在幾周內得到改善。

The other thing I would add

我想補充的另一點是

is that there are muscles in the vagina,

是，陰道內有肌肉。

and those muscles may not have been used as much

而這些肌肉可能沒有被用得那麼多

during a nine-month pregnancy

懷孕九個月期間

or the immediate postpartum period,

或產後不久的時期。

but they can also be strengthened and improve over time.

但隨著時間的推移，它們也可以得到加強和改善。

"You can have sex right after childbirth."

"你可以在分娩後立即進行性生活。"

So, this is a myth.

所以，這是一個神話。

I can assure you that you won't want to have sex

我可以向你保證，你不會想做愛。

right after childbirth,

分娩後馬上。

no matter what your birth experience is.

無論你的分娩經驗如何。

For most patients,

對於大多數病人來說。

this isn't something that they're thinking about doing

這不是他們正在考慮做的事情。

in the immediate postpartum period.

在產後不久的時期。

Yeah. I think that there's kind of two parts to this.

是的，我認為這有兩個部分。

One is comfort.

一個是舒適。

It's unlikely that you'll be comfortable.

你不太可能會感到舒服。

But the other reason is sort of a safety thing.

但另一個原因是有點像安全問題。

If your cervix is open, which we know it will be,

如果你的子宮頸是開放的，我們知道它將是開放的。

our concern is that the organisms in the vagina

我們關注的是，陰道內的生物體

will get into your uterus and increase the likelihood

會進入你的子宮，並增加你的可能性。

that you get an infection.

你會受到感染。

And so that's part of the reason that we tell people

是以，這就是我們告訴人們的部分原因

don't have intercourse

不要性交

until the bleeding is completely stopped.

直到出血完全停止。

Oh, boy. OK.

哦，孩子。好的。

How bad is it?

它有多糟？

"Breastfeeding will come naturally." Oh.

"母乳餵養會自然到來。"哦。

Many patients after having gone through

許多患者在經歷了

pregnancy education, childbirth education,

懷孕教育、分娩教育。

and lactation education

和泌乳教育

still feel like they're supposed to know how to do this

仍然覺得他們應該知道如何做這件事

as soon as they have their newborn in their arms.

一旦他們把新生兒抱在懷裡，就會有很多人。

And I would just really want to debunk that myth,

而我只是真的想揭穿這個神話。

that somehow we're born to know how to breastfeed.

某種程度上，我們生來就知道如何進行母乳餵養。

I remember my own frustration.

我記得我自己的挫折感。

I thought, "I've been a physician for six years.

我想，"我已經當了六年的醫生了。

I've done all the education,

我已經做了所有的教育。

and I've educated other people."

而且我還教育了其他人"。

And I get this baby, and the breastfeeding,

而我得到了這個孩子，還有母乳餵養。

it felt like a disaster.

感覺像是一場災難。

Breastfeeding is a process.

母乳餵養是一個過程。

You got to be patient with yourself,

你得對自己有耐心。

you got to be patient with your baby,

你必須對你的孩子有耐心。

and sometimes it's working and you just don't believe it.

而有時它在工作，你只是不相信。

The way you know that the breastfeeding is working

你知道母乳餵養發揮作用的方式

and your baby's getting enough is weighing your baby.

和你的寶寶得到足夠的是稱量你的寶寶。

You'd go to the pediatrician, and the pediatrician says,

你會去找兒科醫生，兒科醫生說。

"Your baby looks beautiful."

"你的孩子看起來很漂亮。"

Maybe he's gained a little bit of weight,

也許他的體重增加了一點。

or your baby's not continuing to lose weight,

或者你的寶寶的體重沒有繼續下降。

and your baby's not jaundiced.

而且你的寶寶沒有黃疸。

All those things point to the fact

所有這些事情都指向了一個事實

that the breastfeeding is working.

哺育母乳是有效的。

And I think sometimes our patients feel like

而我認為有時我們的病人覺得

because it's breastfeeding

因為它是母乳餵養的

that they're single-handedly responsible

他們是唯一的責任人

for this piece of the newborn's life.

為新生兒的這段生活。

I like to make it a team sport

我喜歡讓它成為一項團隊運動

where everyone's participating,

在那裡，每個人都在參與。

to have someone else do some of the other stuff,

讓別人做一些其他的事情。

the burping, the changing, putting down to rest,

打嗝，換衣服，放下休息。

while you actually get some rest

當你真正得到一些休息的時候

so that your body can do this important work.

以便你的身體能夠完成這一重要工作。

"Breastfeeding will help you

"母乳餵養會幫助你

lose all the baby weight quickly."

迅速減掉所有的嬰兒體重"。

You do need to increase your calories,

你確實需要增加你的卡路里。

but most people will burn somewhere

但大多數人都會在某個地方燃燒

around 800 extra calories a day in breastfeeding.

在母乳餵養中，每天大約多出800卡路里。

That is going to help you lose the weight.

這將幫助你減輕體重。

I just wouldn't say

我只是不願意說

it's going to help you lose all the weight.

它將幫助你減掉所有的體重。

Breastfeeding is wonderful, but it's not magic.

母乳餵養很好，但它不是魔術。

Patients will come back at the six-week visit,

患者將在六週後再來就診。

"Why am I still holding on to this?"

"為什麼我還在堅持這個？"

It took you nine months to put this weight on.

你花了九個月的時間來增加這個體重。

It's going to take some time to take it off.

要花一些時間來脫掉它。

Four months, six months for most people.

4個月，對大多數人來說是6個月。

Is it normal for nursing to hurt?

哺乳期的疼痛是正常的嗎？

It's not normal for nursing to hurt.

哺乳期疼痛是不正常的。

It shouldn't be excruciating or painful.

它不應該是令人難受或痛苦的。

I think there are discomforts in the initial period.

我認為在初始階段會有一些不適應。

Getting your newborn to latch appropriately

讓您的新生兒適當地進行母乳餵養

is a new sensation,

是一種新的感覺。

and then the first time the milk lets down,

然後是第一次放奶。

that's another new sensation.

這是另一種新的感覺。

I hear what you're saying,

我聽到你說的了。

but the very first time that baby latches properly

但是，寶寶第一次正確地鎖住的時候

and puts a huge amount of suction

並將大量的吸力

on an area that is incredibly sensitive,

在一個令人難以置信的敏感區域。

that is not nice.

這是不好的。

I think that that's pain,

我認為那是痛苦。

but the issue is it initially is uncomfortable,

但問題是它最初是不舒服的。

and then it starts to get better.

然後開始變得更好。

It shouldn't continue to hurt for weeks.

它不應該持續幾周的疼痛。

So if it is seriously painful,

是以，如果是嚴重的疼痛。

that's when you want the consultant to come in and say,

這時你希望顧問進來說。

is this baby properly placed?

這個嬰兒的位置合適嗎？

Because if the baby isn't properly placed on the nipple,

因為如果嬰兒沒有正確地放在乳頭上。

it really will hurt.

真的會很疼。

You can get little cuts.

你可以得到小切口。

You don't want to go down that road.

你不希望走這條路。

I tell people to get frozen peas.

我告訴人們要買冷凍豌豆。

That cold will help reduce

這種寒冷將有助於減少

some of that discomfort and engorgement

一些不適和充血的情況

and will actually conform to your breast,

而且實際上會與你的乳房相適應。

and you can just plop them right into your bra.

而且你可以直接把它們塞進你的胸罩。

"Your milk supply can't be improved."

"你的奶水供應無法得到改善。"

Your milk supply can be improved.

你的牛奶供應可以得到改善。

Your body makes milk

你的身體制造牛奶

when it perceives the need for milk.

當它察覺到對牛奶的需要時。

So the more you put the baby to the breast

是以，你越是把寶寶放在乳房上

or a high-quality pump

或一個高質量的泵

that can do almost as well as a newborn

可以做得幾乎和新生兒一樣好的人

to drain what's currently in the breast

排出目前在乳房裡的東西

is the signal for your body to make the next batch of milk.

是你的身體制造下一批牛奶的信號。

You just have to keep feeding, stimulating,

你只需要繼續餵食，刺激。

telling your body that there's a baby here who needs milk,

告訴你的身體，這裡有一個需要牛奶的嬰兒。

and your body will make it.

而你的身體會製造它。

Your body learns that habit,

你的身體學會了這種習慣。

which is just fascinating to see and to have experienced.

這只是令人著迷地看到和經歷。

It really is about breastfeeding regularly, pumping,

這真的是關於定期母乳餵養，抽水。

and then paying attention to the fact

然後注意事實

that hopefully you're not dehydrated,

那希望你沒有脫水。

you're not overly stressed,

你沒有過度的壓力。

you're not running around doing all these other things

你不需要跑來跑去做所有這些其他的事情

that can make it hard for your body to continue to keep up.

這可能使你的身體難以繼續保持。

"Breastfeeding makes your baby clingy and dependent." Myth.

"母乳餵養使你的寶寶變得粘人和依賴。"謬論。

This is definitely not true.

這絕對不是真的。

Breastfed babies end up needing you for those feeds,

母乳餵養的嬰兒最終需要你進行這些餵養。

but the feeding doesn't mean that they need you more.

但餵食並不意味著他們更需要你。

If you're exclusively breastfeeding

如果你是純母乳餵養

for the first eight or 12 weeks of a newborn's life,

為新生兒生命的前8或12周。

they will be with you during those feeding sessions.

他們將在這些餵養過程中與你在一起。

They're very frequent when they're little.

他們小的時候非常頻繁。

I don't think that necessarily means

我認為這不一定意味著

that the babies are needy or clingy,

嬰兒有需要或很粘人。

it's just a function of the fact

這只是一個事實的功能

that that's where the breast milk is.

這就是母乳所在的地方。

Once breastfeeding is well established,

一旦母乳餵養建立起來。

there is definitely a role to pump

肯定是有作用的泵

and have someone else feed breast milk in a bottle,

並讓別人用瓶子餵食母乳。

offload some of that breastfeeding

卸下一些母乳餵養的工作

with other support people and family members.

與其他支持人和家庭成員一起。

The next myth is, "You shouldn't nurse if you're sick."

下一個神話是，"如果你生病了就不應該護理"。

Not true.

並非如此。

There's very few instances where we will say

有很少的情況下，我們會說

you should not nurse.

你不應該護理。

If you're sick, the good news

如果你生病了，好消息是

is that you are developing antibodies

是，你正在開發抗體

to whatever it is that made you sick.

到任何使你生病的東西。

Those antibodies then get into the breast milk

這些抗體隨後進入母乳。

and are transferred to your baby

並被轉移到你的寶寶身上

and will actually protect your baby

而且實際上會保護你的寶寶

from getting that same infection.

從得到同樣的感染。

I think we've learned a lot in the last year and a half

我認為我們在過去一年半里學到了很多東西

about hand hygiene. If you're sick,

關於手部衛生。如果你生病了

you should use those hygiene strategies

你應該使用這些衛生策略

and continue to nurse your baby

並繼續給你的寶寶餵奶

so they get the antibodies that you're producing.

所以他們得到了你正在產生的抗體。

And we would suggest that you breastfeed

而且我們建議你用母乳餵養

unless you're told otherwise.

除非有人告訴你。

"Breastfeeding will prevent pregnancy."

"母乳餵養可以防止懷孕"。

So, this is another myth

是以，這是另一個神話

that we've certainly seen people get in trouble with.

我們確實看到有人是以而陷入困境。

So, breastfeeding is not a form of contraception.

所以，母乳餵養不是一種避孕方式。

It is not a reliable form of birth control.

這不是一種可靠的節育方式。

When you're exclusively breastfeeding

當你純母乳餵養的時候

in the early postpartum period,

在產後早期。

you are less likely to resume menstruation and ovulation.

你不太可能恢復月經和排卵。

But when that resumes for different patients is different,

但是對於不同的病人來說，何時恢復是不同的。

and it's very hard to predict.

而這是很難預測的。

And so if you are having unprotected intercourse,

是以，如果你在進行無保護措施的性交。

even if you're breastfeeding,

即使你正在進行母乳餵養。

there is a chance that you will conceive.

你有機會受孕。

We've unfortunately seen people

我們已經不幸地看到人們

who have conceived and not realized it

孕育而不自知的人

because they were under the impression

因為他們的印象是

that this myth was true and that they were protected.

這個神話是真的，他們受到了保護。

Breastfeeding is not a form of contraception.

母乳餵養不是一種避孕方式。

We have a whole list of other opportunities for you.

我們為你準備了一大堆其他的機會。

"Everyone gets postpartum depression."

"每個人都會有產後抑鬱症。"

Postpartum depression is quite common,

產後抑鬱症是很常見的。

more common than we previously recognized or acknowledged,

比我們以前認識到的或承認的更為普遍。

but definitely everyone does not get postpartum depression.

但絕對不是每個人都會得產後抑鬱症。

Riley: People who have anxiety

萊利。有焦慮症的人

or depression prior to pregnancy

懷孕前有抑鬱症

are at particularly high risk.

處於特別高的風險。

Postpartum depression

產後抑鬱症

is really something to keep on your radar

是真正的東西，要保持你的雷達

for those first six to eight weeks

在最初的六到八週內

and not something that you should dismiss

而不是你應該忽視的東西

if it doesn't happen right away.

如果它沒有立即發生。

Although a few people will get postpartum depression,

雖然有少數人會得產後抑鬱症。

more people will actually experience baby blues.

更多的人將真正經歷嬰兒憂鬱症。

Baby blues we think of as feeling down in the dumps

我們認為的嬰兒憂鬱症是指情緒低落。

or very emotional or very anxious

或非常情緒化或非常焦慮

for about 10 days, max two weeks, after the delivery.

約10天，最多兩週，在交付後。

So if you're still feeling super anxious,

是以，如果你仍然感到超級焦慮。

really depressed, not normal in your own skin,