In kids, it's actually cow's milk.

在孩子們看來，這其實是牛乳。

"You can cure food allergies."

"你可以治癒食物過敏。"

You cannot cure food allergies right now.

你現在無法治癒食物過敏。

"The best way to find out if you have a food allergy

"發現你是否有食物過敏的最好方法是

is to get tested."

是要接受測試。"

Myth.

神話。

Hi, my name is Dr. Wei Wei Li.

大家好，我是李偉偉醫生。

I am a board-certified adult and pediatric

我是一名經委員會認證的成人和兒科醫生。

allergy immunology specialist.

過敏免疫學專家。

I have been in practice in New Jersey for the past 10 years.

過去10年中，我一直在新澤西州執業。

Hi, everyone. My name is Dr. Payel Gupta,

大家好。我的名字是Payel Gupta博士。

and I am the cofounder and chief medical officer at Cleared,

我是Cleared公司的聯合創始人和首席醫療官。

and I've been practicing in New York City

而且我一直在紐約市執業。

for over 12 years.

超過12年的時間。

Today, we'll be debunking myths about food allergies.

今天，我們將揭穿關於食物過敏的神話。

"Peanuts are the most common food allergy."

"花生是最常見的食物過敏"。

So, even though peanuts is a common food allergy,

是以，儘管花生是一種常見的食物過敏。

it is not the most common.

它不是最常見的。

In adults, it's actually a cross

在成年人中，它實際上是一個交叉

between peanuts and shellfish.

花生和貝類之間。

In kids, it's actually cow's milk.

在孩子們看來，這其實是牛乳。

So, the nine most common food allergens

那麼，九種最常見的食物過敏原

are cow's milk, eggs,

是牛乳、雞蛋。

peanuts, tree nuts,

花生、樹堅果。

shellfish, fish, wheat, soy, and sesame.

貝類、魚類、小麥、大豆和芝麻。

Peanut allergies grab more headline

花生過敏症搶佔更多頭條

because they tend to cause more severe reactions,

因為它們往往會引起更嚴重的反應。

especially in kids.

特別是在孩子身上。

Gupta: Other foods like cow's milk and eggs,

古普塔。其他食物，如牛奶和雞蛋。

when you have those allergies in infancy,

當你在嬰兒期有這些過敏的時候。

you'll grow out of them.

你會成長起來的。

But for peanuts,

但為了花生。

that allergy you're not going to grow out of.

你不可能從這種過敏中長大。

And so I think that for those reasons,

所以我認為，由於這些原因。

it just kind of caught on a little bit more

它只是在某種程度上抓住了更多的機會

than some of the other food allergens.

比其他一些食物過敏原更重要。

"You can use Benadryl to treat an allergic reaction."

"你可以用苯海拉明來治療過敏反應。"

You should not use Benadryl

你不應該使用苯海拉明

as the only means of treating an allergic reaction,

作為治療過敏反應的唯一手段。

for food allergies in particular.

特別是針對食物過敏。

Li: Benadryl is an oral antihistamine.

李：苯海拉明是一種口服抗組胺藥。

It can help with mild symptoms such as itchiness or hive,

它可以幫助解決輕微的症狀，如瘙癢或蜂巢。

but if you have more than just itchiness or hive,

但如果你不僅僅是有瘙癢或蜂巢。

like symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as trouble breathing,

像過敏性休克的症狀，如呼吸困難。

difficulty swallowing, tongue swelling,

吞嚥困難，舌頭腫脹。

or feeling dizzy because of blood pressure dropping,

或因血壓下降而感到頭暈。

you really should go to your epinephrine auto-injector.

你真的應該去找你的腎上腺素自動注射器。

The saying is, "Epi first, and epi fast."

俗話說："Epi first, and epi fast"。

"Food allergies and food intolerances are the same thing."

"食物過敏和食物不耐受是一回事"。

I see that a lot of people,

我看到很多人都是這樣。

even sometimes medical professional,

甚至有時是醫療專業人員。

will confuse the two,

將混淆這兩者。

but they're really different.

但它們真的不同。

Gupta: So, food allergies are actually mediated

古普塔：所以，食物過敏實際上是由以下因素介導的

by our immune system, and they're caused by

是由我們的免疫系統引起的，它們是由

an antibody called IgE in our immune system

我們免疫系統中一種叫做IgE的抗體

that reacts to food when it shouldn't.

對食物有反應而不應該有反應。

When that happens, we release a chemical called histamine,

當這種情況發生時，我們會釋放一種叫做組胺的化學物質。

which then produces all of those symptoms,

然後產生所有這些症狀。

like hives, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure,

如蕁麻疹、呼吸困難、低血壓。

swelling of the face, of the eyes, of the tongue,

臉部、眼睛和舌頭的腫脹。

vomiting, and sometimes even death.

嘔吐，有時甚至死亡。

Food intolerances,

食物不耐受。

or sometimes called food sensitivities,

或有時稱為食物敏感症。

don't have any of that.

沒有任何這些。

They are not mediated by our immune system.

它們不是由我們的免疫系統介導的。

You have more gastrointestinal symptoms,

你有更多的胃腸道症狀。

and they are not life-threatening.

而且它們沒有生命危險。

Gupta: For example, lactose intolerance is a big one

古普塔。例如，乳糖不耐受是一個很大的問題。

that people have an issue with.

人們對這個問題有異議。

It's actually an enzyme deficiency in your body

這實際上是你體內的一種酶的缺乏

where you can't digest lactose

不能消化乳糖的地方

because you don't have the enzyme called lactase.

因為你沒有稱為乳糖酶的酶。

And so you're going to have that bloating,

所以你會有那種腹脹的感覺。

sometimes diarrhea, and just general feeling

有時腹瀉，只是一般的感覺

of not feeling good after you ingest things

攝入東西后感覺不舒服的原因

with cow's milk or with lactose.

含有牛奶或乳糖的食品。

Li: Knowing the difference between food allergies

李：瞭解食物過敏的區別

and food intolerance will determine

和食物不耐受將決定

what kind of treatment you need to receive.

你需要接受什麼樣的治療。

"Food-sensitivity testing is accurate."

"食物敏感測試是準確的"。

We just don't have good tests

我們只是沒有好的測試

to determine if somebody has a food sensitivity.

以確定某人是否有食物敏感性。

There are commercially available tests

有市面上的測試

called IgG, food-specific IgG testing.

稱為IgG，食物特異性IgG檢測。

They're not FDA approved.

他們沒有得到FDA的準許。

We see IgG as a memory test

我們把IgG看作是一種記憶測試

to show that you have eaten the food,

以表明你已經吃了這些食物。

not an allergic reaction to the food.

不是對食物的過敏反應。

Gupta: Which is different than true food-allergy testing,

古普塔：這與真正的食物過敏測試不同。

which is an IgE test.

這是一個IgE測試。

So those IgG tests that are often sold online,

所以那些經常在網上出售的IgG測試。

we don't go by them.

我們不按他們的要求去做。

Instead of testing, we would recommend a food diary,

我們不建議進行測試，而是建議進行食物日記。

where you can keep track of your symptoms,

在那裡你可以跟蹤你的症狀。

the foods that you've been eating.

你一直在吃的食物。

And then, over time, we'll start to see some patterns.

然後，隨著時間的推移，我們將開始看到一些模式。

That's actually the most accurate and helpful tool

這實際上是最準確和最有用的工具

that we have at this time

我們目前擁有的

to help determine food sensitivities.

以幫助確定食物敏感度。

"The best way to find out if you have a food allergy

"發現你是否有食物過敏的最好方法是

is to get tested."

是要接受測試。"

Myth.

神話。

The best way to find out if you have food allergies

發現你是否有食物過敏的最好方法

is to eat it and to see if you have symptoms

是吃了它，看看你是否有症狀

after eating it.

吃完後。

So, that's called an oral challenge,

所以，這就叫口頭挑戰。

which is considered the gold standard

這被認為是黃金標準

in diagnosing food allergies.

在診斷食物過敏方面。

It's very safe, and it's in a controlled setting

這是非常安全的，而且是在受控的環境下進行的。

with emergency medication on hand.

手頭有緊急藥物。

You can get an IgE blood test done at home.

你可以在家裡做一個IgE血液測試。

We might get people showing up as possible positives

我們可能會讓人們作為可能的正面人物出現

to some of the foods,

到一些食物。

but it doesn't mean anything

但這並不意味著什麼

unless you've actually reacted to the food.

除非你真的對食物有反應。

For example, if I have a patient that comes in

例如，如果我有一個病人進來了

who ate peanut and shrimp sauce

吃花生和蝦醬的人

and then they had a reaction

然後他們就有了反應

and we're trying to determine,

而我們正試圖確定。

was it the shrimp or was it the peanut

是蝦子還是花生？

that they were reacting to?

他們所反應的是什麼？

That's when those IgE tests

這就是那些IgE測試的時候

and the skin tests that we do are super helpful

我們所做的皮膚測試是非常有幫助的。

in helping us determine what the person reacted to.

在幫助我們確定該人的反應時。

"You can cure food allergies."

"你可以治癒食物過敏。"

You cannot cure food allergies right now.

你現在無法治癒食物過敏。

The only food that we currently

我們目前唯一的食物是

have an FDA-approved protocol for

有一個FDA準許的方案，用於

is for peanut allergy.

是針對花生過敏症。

Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy

花生過敏的口服免疫療法

is where you get small amounts

是你獲得少量的

of the peanut allergen over time.

花生過敏原隨著時間的推移而變化。

In the beginning, you get monitored to make sure

在開始的時候，你得到監測，以確保

that you're not having reactions right away.

你沒有立即產生反應。

And then the critical thing is

然後最關鍵的事情是

to take that amount of peanut every single day.

每一天都要吃那麼多的花生。

If they don't, if they miss a dose,

如果他們不這樣做，如果他們錯過了一個劑量。

then it could kind of set things back,

那麼它可能會使事情倒退。

and they could have a reaction

而且他們可能會有反應

the next time that they're exposed to the peanut protein.

下次他們再接觸到花生蛋白時，就會出現這種情況。

And I will add to that,

我再補充一下。

oral immunotherapy will lead to a temporary state

口服免疫療法會導致暫時的狀態

of desensitization or tolerance,

的脫敏或容忍。

but not a permanent cure.

但不是永久性的治療。

I would avoid the word "cure,"

我將避免使用 "治癒 "一詞。

because it can lead to misunderstanding for patients.

因為這可能導致病人的誤解。

"Allergic reactions won't happen

"過敏性反應不會發生

if you didn't swallow the food."

如果你沒有吞下食物。"

Myth.

神話。

Even touching the food

甚至觸摸食物

without ingesting the food

不攝取食物

can cause allergic reaction.

可引起過敏反應。

Gupta: That's why it's important to not touch a food

古普塔：這就是為什麼不接觸食物很重要的原因。

and then touch somebody that has an allergy to that food.

然後接觸對該食物過敏的人。

With shellfish allergy in particular,

尤其是對貝類過敏的人。

because shellfish is usually steamed or boiled,

因為貝類通常是清蒸或水煮的。

sometimes the food allergen protein from the shellfish

有時來自貝類的食物過敏原蛋白質

can actually end up in some of that steam or that vapor.

實際上可以在一些蒸汽或蒸氣中結束。

And so therefore it is, to a certain degree, airborne.

是以，在某種程度上，它是空氣傳播的。

And if somebody who's highly allergic to that food

如果有人對這種食物高度過敏的話

enters a room where shellfish is being boiled or cooked,

進入正在煮沸或烹調貝類的房間。

they may start having symptoms,

他們可能開始有症狀。

even without ingesting the food.

即使沒有攝取食物。

"Each allergic reaction will be worse than the last."

"每一次過敏反應都會比上一次更嚴重。"

So, that's a myth.

所以，那是一個神話。

The reaction can be unpredictable.

反應可能是不可預知的。

Reactions to food are unpredictable

對食物的反應是不可預知的

because there are multiple factors that go into play.

因為有多種因素在起作用。

So, what was the exposure, and how much of it?

那麼，暴露的內容是什麼，有多少？

Li: Asthma, that can worsen the severity of your reactions.

李：哮喘，這可能會加重你的反應的嚴重程度。

Gupta: And so adding an additional component

古普塔：是以增加了一個額外的組成部分

of inflammation and irritation

發炎和刺激性的

will make your symptoms worse.

會使你的症狀惡化。

"If your child has eczema,

"如果你的孩子有溼疹。

they will also develop food allergy."

他們也會發生食物過敏。"

Not every child with eczema

並非每個患有溼疹的孩子都會

is going to have a food allergy,

是會有食物過敏的。

but if the child does have eczema,

但如果孩子確實有溼疹。

there might be a higher likelihood

可能會有更大的可能性

that they could have a food allergy.

他們可能有食物過敏。

Having eczema and having allergies,

有溼疹和有過敏症。

they all belong to the atopic-disease spectrum.

它們都屬於特應性疾病譜。

Which refers to asthma, eczema,

這指的是哮喘、溼疹。

and seasonal or environmental allergies.

和季節性或環境過敏。

So if your infant develops eczema at a very young age,

是以，如果你的嬰兒在很小的時候就出現溼疹。

it's important to determine

重要的是要確定

if the child has other atopic diseases

如果孩子有其他特應性疾病

as a trigger for their eczema symptoms.

作為他們的溼疹症狀的一個觸發因素。

"If your first child has a food allergy,

"如果你的第一個孩子有食物過敏。

your next child will have one also."

你的下一個孩子也會有一個。

Food allergy within a family member is a risk factor,

家庭成員中的食物過敏是一個風險因素。

but it doesn't mean that you'll definitely

但這並不意味著你一定會

have a food allergy.

有食物過敏症。

Having risk factor really just increase the risk

擁有風險因素真的只是增加風險

of developing the food allergies.

患上食物過敏的可能性。

Gupta: And it also doesn't mean

古普塔：而且這也並不意味著

that you'll have the same food allergy.

你會有同樣的食物過敏。

So if your dad has a shellfish allergy,

是以，如果你的父親有貝類過敏症。

that doesn't mean that you're destined

但這並不意味著你註定要失敗

to have a shellfish allergy yourself.

自己有貝類過敏症。

And we don't know a lot about factors

而我們並不瞭解很多因素

contributing to the development of food allergies.

促成食物過敏的發展。

All we know are the risk factors.

我們所知道的是風險因素。

"Throwing up will make your allergic reaction less severe."

"嘔吐會使你的過敏反應不那麼嚴重。"

That is not true.

這不是真的。

Your allergic reactions to food

你對食物的過敏反應

is dependent on exposure to the allergens.

取決於對過敏原的接觸。

Throwing up will not make the exposure less.

嘔吐不會使曝光率降低。

Essentially, throwing up is just exposing your body

從本質上講，嘔吐只是暴露了你的身體

to that food all over again in a different way.

以不同的方式對該食物進行了重新審視。

It's coming up, instead of going down.

它正在上升，而不是下降。

Having to throw up after have eaten the food

吃完食物後要嘔吐

could be a sign of anaphylaxis,

可能是過敏性休克的徵兆。

which is a life-threatening reaction.

這是一種危及生命的反應。

But self-induced vomiting will not lessen the symptoms

但自我誘導的嘔吐不會減輕症狀

of food allergic reactions.

的食物過敏反應。

Food is supposed to be something enjoyable.

食物應該是令人愉快的東西。

We're supposed to eat something

我們應該吃點東西

at least three times a day.

一天至少三次。

And so we don't want to put unnecessary stress around it.

是以，我們不想給它帶來不必要的壓力。

If you're worried at all,

如果你有任何擔心。

it's super important to go and see a specialist.

去看專家是超級重要的。

That feels passionate about food allergies.

這讓人感到對食物過敏的熱情。

So that we can help figure out what your history is

這樣我們才能幫助弄清你的歷史情況

and figure out what the right testing

並弄清正確的測試是什麼

and what the right treatment plan will be for you.

以及什麼是適合你的治療計劃。