Name: 英國歷史20分鐘（History of Britain in 20 Minutes）
Uploaded: 2022-05-09T03:43:44.000Z
Duration: 21 min 39 s
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the United Kingdom is a nation located in the British Isles made up of England

thousands of years ago the Isles were inhabited by long-forgotten pre-celtic

people known as the beaker culture named for their distinctive pottery beakers

little is known of them but it has been suggested that these people laid the

foundations for the mysterious stonehenge a series of heavy standing

stones which were transported from 150 miles away and arranged to form a

calendar marking the days of the summer and winter solstice over time waves of

Celtic speaking people arrived from the European continent who soon came to form

the brittonic Gaelic and Pictish people these people were not a unified people

but were rather many tribes who shared a similar pagan religion language and

culture the Romans invaded conquering what's now England and Wales but failed

to conquer the Pictish tribes to the north the Romans launched several

campaigns into this land they called Caledonia however their fortifications

were soon overrun and abandoned and they retreated to Hadrian's Wall their

conquered lands were incorporated into the Roman Empire becoming the province

of Britannia they brought Roman customs and laws

improved infrastructure and connected many towns and cities with Roman roads

when the Romans left there was a great migration of Germanic tribes these were

the Jutes Angles and Saxons with their language Old English their settlement

pushed many Britons to areas in Wales Brittany and a kingdom known as Domino

Nia while Scotland eventually evolved into four kingdoms thus most of these

were the Scots who were originally from Ireland the Britons of Strathclyde the

anglo-saxon kingdom of Benicia and the pics of Alba

for unknown reasons the Jutes disappeared from history but the Angles

and Saxons eventually formed Seven Kingdoms Wessex Sussex Kent Essex East

Anglia Murcia and Benicia became Northumbria after the collapse of Domino

Nia the remaining territory of Cornwall fought against the powerful kingdom of

Wessex corn will eventually fall under the control of Wessex but it managed to

keep its own culture Wales at this point was also made up of several separate

kingdoms the largest being Gwynedd in the North poets in the East and differed

to the south the British Isles soon saw numerous Norse raiders from Scandinavia

these were the Vikings and they began settlement on many of the Scottish Isles

the Isle of Man and they even founded the city of Dublin in Ireland the Scots

in the pics then decided to unite under Kenneth MacAlpine to form the Kingdom of

Alba the kingdom of albergue grew strong over the years and eventually

Strathclyde was bought into the fault meanwhile Danish Vikings arrived in the

Anglo Saxon kingdoms for conquest after fighting the king of Wessex Alfred the

Great the Danelaw was formed a land where the laws of the Danes held

influence over the anglo-saxons controlling the region and its affairs

the anglo-saxons eventually defeated the last Viking king of York Erich blood

acts and Athelstan became the first king of the English although the newly formed

Kingdom of Denmark would conquer England and even found a short-lived Danish

dynasty under Knut the Norseman had a dramatic impact on the Isles so it's no

wonder some words in the English language have Norse origin after

defeating formidable sea Raiders from Ireland the Western Isles Scandinavia

and anglo-saxon forces from Murcia were fed up Llewellyn's subdued his rivals in

southwest Wales Llewellyn became the only Welsh King ever to rule over the

entire territory of Wales he was defeated by the English Earl Harold

Godwinson and killed by his own men leading to the Welsh kingdoms splitting

apart once more at the death of Edward the Confessor there was a succession

dispute between four claimants Harold Godwinson was elected as king and

managed to defend England from an invasion by the Norwegian King Harald

Hardrada however Howard had semaj his army south to defend against yook

William of Normandy who could cross the English Channel according to tradition

at the Battle of Hastings Harald was killed by an arrow to the eye and the

Norman invaders were victorious the new King William defeated a number of

rebellions built a new design of castles called moats and Bailey's and introduced

a number of reforms like trial by combat and the Domesday book the Norman dynasty

invaded into South Wales and parts of Ireland creating the lordship of Ireland

at court Nobles spoken conducted sessions in the anglo-norman language

which endured for centuries and left an incredible mark in development of modern

English after a brief Civil War henry ii would

marry Eleanor of Aquitaine establishing the Angevin Empire beginning a long

rivalry against France Richard the Lionheart defended much of this

territory and also became a central Christian commander during the Third

Crusade achieving considerable victories against his Muslim counterparts Saladin

under king john heavy taxes were imposed on his barons in order to pay for his

expensive Foreign Wars the Baron's rebelled and forced John to sign the

Magna Carta a charter that established the principle that everyone was subject

to the law even the king guaranteeing the rights of individuals the right to

justice and the right to a fair trial most of North Wales remained

independently ruled by several Welsh princes until twelve sixteen when

Llewellyn the Great became the ruler of the Principality of Wales this would be

the case until it but the first who conquered Wales in 1284 effectively

becoming parts England at the death of King Alexander the third

Scotland was left with 14 rivals for succession to prevent civil war the

Scottish magnates asked Edward the first of England to elect a claimant John

Balliol was elected King but was constantly undermined by Edward who

opposed Scottish independence Edward decided to launch several campaigns to

conquer Scotland and depose King John to which he acquired the nickname hammer of

the Scots under a brave Scottish Knight William Wallace the Scots mounted

resistance against the English defeating them at the Battle of Stirling Bridge

Edward marched north in person and defeated Wallace in battle but Wallace

managed to escape he was later captured and executed but his efforts allowed

Robert the Bruce to rise up and defeat the English securing Scottish

independence when the King of France died without an heir Edward the third

was technically eligible to the crown through his mother the French Court

denied his claim and instead installed Philip of Valois Edward paid homage to

Philip as he owned the lands of Gascony and was essentially a vassal to the King

of France due to disagreements Edward reasserted

his claim to the throne and invaded France beginning the Hundred Years War

the English achieved notable victories at the Battle of Crecy Poitiers and

Agincourt thanks to the technical superiority of the longbow but was

unable to conquer the French with the appearance of Joan of Arc who lifted the

French spirit and turned the tide of the war upon the death of Edward the third

an entire generation was skipped in the line of succession which prompted bitter

rivalry between several claimants most notably were the houses of York and

Lancaster tensions were high until a bloody age of warfare erupted between

these two factions in the Wars of the Roses it's so in-depth and complicated

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英國歷史20分鐘（History of Britain in 20 Minutes）

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