This is 6 Minute English

這就是6分鐘英語

from BBC Learning English.

來自BBC學習英語。

I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

And I'm Neil.

而我是尼爾。

In this 6 Minute English, we're

在這篇6分鐘英語中，我們將

celebrating the life of one of

慶祝一個人的生命

modern South Africa's founding

現代南非的建立

fathers - the icon and Nobel

父親--偶像和諾貝爾

laureate, Archbishop

獲獎者，大主教

Desmond Tutu.

德斯蒙德-圖圖。

Archbishop Tutu was one the

圖圖大主教就是其中之一。

leaders of the non-violent

非暴力組織的領導人

movement to end the system

終止該系統的運動

of racial segregation known

稱為種族隔離的

as apartheid.

作為種族隔離制度。

Apartheid was

種族隔離制度是

enforced against the black

對黑人強制執行

population of South Africa

南非的人口

by the white minority

由白色的少數民族

government from 1948

1948年以來的政府

until 1991.

直到1991年。

It's impossible to imagine

不可能想象

South Africa's difficult

南非的困難

journey to freedom without

的自由之旅，沒有

Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

德斯蒙德-圖圖大主教。

While other anti-apartheid

雖然其他反種族隔離制度

leaders, like his close

領導人，如他的親信

friend Nelson Mandela,

朋友納爾遜-曼德拉。

were imprisoned or even

被囚禁，甚至

killed, Archbishop Tutu

被殺，圖圖大主教

was there at every step

每一步都在那裡

of the struggle - the

的鬥爭--的

rebellious priest

叛逆的牧師

speaking out against

大聲反對

the injustices of apartheid.

種族隔離制度的不公正性。

Archbishop Tutu was a hero

圖圖大主教是個英雄

of the 20th century.

20世紀的。

He died in December 2021

他於2021年12月去世

and was laid to rest in

並被安葬在

Cape Town in a state

開普敦的狀態

funeral on New Year's Day.

元旦時的葬禮。

In this programme, we'll

在這個節目中，我們將

hear about some important

聽到一些重要的

moments from his life and,

從他的生活和。

as usual, learn some

像往常一樣，學習一些

related vocabulary as well.

相關的詞彙也是如此。

But first I have a

但首先我有一個

question for you, Neil.

問你一個問題，尼爾。

Nelson Mandela was sometimes

納爾遜-曼德拉有時被

affectionately called by

親切地稱為

his clan's name, Madiba,

他的宗族的名字，馬迪巴。

but do you know what

但你是否知道

nickname Archbishop Desmond

德斯蒙德大主教

Tutu was given?

圖圖被賦予？

Was it:

是這樣的。

a) The Des?

a) 德斯?

b) The Bish?

b) 比什?

or

或

c) The Arch?

c) 拱門？

I don't know, but I'll guess

我不知道，但我猜測

his nickname was c) the Arch.

他的綽號是c）拱門。

OK, Neil.

好的，尼爾。

We'll find out

我們會發現的

if that's the correct answer

若此為正確答案

at the end of the programme.

在方案結束時。

Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born

德斯蒙德-姆皮羅-圖圖出生在

in 1931 in the town of

1931年，在

Klerksdorp in northern

北部的Klerksdorp

South Africa.

南非。

In this

在此

2014 interview with BBC

2014年接受BBC採訪

World Service programme,

世界服務方案。

Outlook, he looks back

展望未來，他回顧了一下

on some of his earliest

關於他最早的一些作品

childhood memories.

童年的回憶。

I had a very happy

我有一個非常快樂的

childhood.

童年。

I am a boy

我是一個男孩

child between two girls.

兩個女孩之間的孩子。

My sisters sometimes

我的姐妹們有時

thought that our mother

認為我們的母親

rather spoiled me,

我被寵壞了。

pampered me.

寵愛我。

My mother

我的母親

was not educated much

沒受過什麼教育

but she had an incredible

但她有一個令人難以置信的

loving for people and

對人的愛和

was very generous.

是非常慷慨的。

Part of my own

我自己的一部分

unhappiness was

不快樂的是

precisely that anyone

正因為如此，任何人

could want to take

可能想採取

advantage of such a

這樣的優勢

gracious, gentle,

和藹可親，溫文爾雅。

generous person.

慷慨的人。

As a child, Desmond

小時候，Desmond

Tutu's mother would pamper

圖圖的母親會呵護

him - give him special

他--給他特別的

treatment and make him

治療，並使他

feel special by doing

做到與眾不同

nice things for him.

為他做的好事情。

He also says his mother

他還說他的母親

spoiled him - let him

寵壞了他--讓他

do or have whatever he

做什麼或擁有什麼

wanted.

想要的。

Spoiling a child

寵愛孩子

usually has a bad effect

通常會有不好的影響

on their character as

在他們的性格上，作為

they grow up, but this

他們長大了，但這

doesn't seem to be

似乎並不

true for Desmond Tutu.

對德斯蒙德-圖圖來說是真的。

What upset the young

是什麼讓這個年輕的人感到不安

Desmond was how his

德斯蒙德是如何他的

mother was treated by

母親接受了

some white South Africans

一些南非白人

who would take advantage

誰將會利用

of her - treat her

的她--對待她

unfairly for their

對他們來說是不公平的

own benefit.

自己的利益。

In 1955 Desmond Tutu

1955年，德斯蒙德-圖圖

married his wife, Leah.

與他的妻子利亞結婚。

They had children and

他們有孩子和

the family moved to

他們全家搬到了

London for a time,

在倫敦有一段時間。

before returning to

在返回到

South Africa when Desmond

南非當德斯蒙德

was made Dean of

被任命為院長

Johannesburg.

約翰內斯堡。

He knew that returning

他知道，返回

to a racially segregated

到一個種族隔離的

South Africa would be

南非將是

difficult for his family.

對他的家庭來說是很困難的。

In this interview with

在這次採訪中

BBC World Service

英國廣播公司世界頻道

programme, Outlook,

方案，展望。

Archbishop Tutu remembers

圖圖大主教回憶說

one terrifying incident

一個可怕的事件

involving his wife, Leah,

涉及他的妻子利亞。

who had gone to the

他已經去了

Johannesburg traffic

約翰內斯堡交通

department to renew

部門更新

a car licence.

一個汽車牌照。

... they handcuffed her,

...他們給她戴上了手銬。

and they walked with

和他們一起行走

her in the streets,

她在街上。

she was paraded, and

她被遊街，而

then when the court case

然後，當法院案件

was heard my wife was

聽說我的妻子是

acquitted - but they

無罪釋放 - 但他們

had done what they

做了他們的事

wanted to do which was

想做的是

humiliate her, and in

羞辱她，並在

the process hit at me.

這個過程打在我身上。

I have to say that I

我不得不說，我

found those actions

發現這些行動

near unforgivable,

近乎不可饒恕的。

because I was the one

因為我是一個

who was out in the

他在外面的

forefront...

前沿...

although

雖說

Leah... she's a

Leah...她是一個

toughie!

堅韌的人！

Police officers arrested

被逮捕的警察

and handcuffed Leah

並給利亞戴上了手銬

to humiliate her - make

來羞辱她--使

her feel ashamed

她感到羞愧

and stupid.

和愚蠢。

When she went to court,

當她去法院的時候。

Leah was acquitted -

利亞被無罪釋放 --

declared not guilty of

宣佈無罪

committing a crime.

犯了罪。

But the police continued

但警方繼續

to harass her, even

來騷擾她，甚至

though his wife was,

雖然他的妻子是。

in his own words, a

用他自己的話說，是

toughie - someone who

頑固分子------一個人

is tough and determined.

堅韌而堅定。

Archbishop Tutu describes

圖圖大主教介紹說

the event as "near

該事件是 "接近

unforgivable" but, in

不可原諒"，但是，在

fact, he did forgive

事實上，他確實原諒了

the white police

白衣警察

officers, and in 1991,

官員，並在1991年。

at the end of apartheid,

在種族隔離制度結束時。

he started the Truth

他開始了真理之路

and Reconciliation

和解

Commission as a way

委員會作為一種方式

of healing divisions

療養師

between black and

在黑與白之間

white communities.

白人社區。

What an inspirational life!

多麼鼓舞人心的生活啊!

But we still don't

但我們仍然不

know what his nickname

知道他的外號是什麼

was, Sam!

是的，山姆！

Right, in my question

對，在我的問題中

I asked Neil what

我問尼爾什麼

Archbishop Desmond

德斯蒙德大主教

Tutu's nickname was.

圖圖的綽號是。

I guessed it was,

我猜是這樣的。

The Arch.

拱門。

Which was the correct

哪個是正確的

answer!

回答！

Affectionately

深情地

known as The Arch,

被稱為 "拱門"。

Desmond Tutu will be

德斯蒙德-圖圖將在

remembered as a man

記憶中的男人

of peace and forgiveness.

和平和寬恕的。

Right, let's recap the

對了，讓我們回顧一下

vocabulary we've

詞彙，我們已經

learned in this programme,

在這個方案中所學到的。

starting with pamper -

從呵護開始 -

to give someone

給人

special treatment.

特別處理。

If you spoil a child,

如果你溺愛一個孩子。

you let them do whatever

你讓他們做什麼

they want, but be careful

他們想要的，但要小心

because they might take

因為他們可能會把

advantage of you - treat

對你的好處--對待

you badly for their

你為他們的

own benefit.

自己的利益。

To humiliate someone

羞辱某人

means to make them feel

意思是讓他們感到

ashamed or stupid.

羞愧或愚蠢。

If you are acquitted of

如果你被宣判無罪

a crime, it is judged

構成犯罪的，將被判處

that you are not guilty.

你是無罪的。

And finally, a toughie

最後，一個棘手的問題

is a slang word to

是一個俚語，以

describe someone, like

形容某人，如

Archbishop Desmond Tutu

德斯蒙德-圖圖大主教

or his wife, Leah, who

或他的妻子利亞，她

is tough and determined.

堅韌而堅定。

Once again, our six

再次，我們的六個

minutes are up.

時間到了。

Goodbye for now!

暫時告別!

Bye!

再見！