Name: 【CNN10】法國總統馬克宏贏得連任、VR 開發平台 Nanome 加速藥物開發 | 2022年4月26日 (Virtual Reality Inside A Molecule | April 26, 2022)
Uploaded: 2022-05-02T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Hey, everyone, I'm Carl Azuz; happy to see you this Tuesday.

大家好，我是 Carl Azuz；很高興在本週二見到你們。

For the first time in 20 years, a French president has won re-election.

這是20年來的第一次，法國總統勝選連任。

這位總統是埃馬紐埃爾・馬克宏。

On Sunday, he faced off against the same candidate, Marine Le Pen, who'd run against him in the 2017 election.

星期天，他與在2017年大選中就與他競爭的同位候選人瑪麗娜・勒龐對決。

President Macron's victory wasn't by as many votes this time as it was five years ago.

馬克宏總統贏得這次勝利的票數並沒有五年前那麼多。

On Sunday, Le Pen won 41.5 percent of the vote⏤that's the most ever for a candidate from France's National Rally Party.

星期天，勒龐贏得了41.5%的選票——這是法國國民聯盟候選人有史以來最多的一次。

But President Macron from the onwards Republic Party won 58.5 percent of the vote.

但共和黨的馬克宏總統贏得了58%的選票。

In his victory speech, he promised he'd be a president for each and every one of the French.

在他的勝選演講中，他承諾他將成為所有法國人的總統。

But after the election, he and Le Pen still disagreed on whether Macron could smooth out political divisions in France.

但在選舉後，對於馬克宏是否能撫平法國的政治分歧，他和勒龐仍有爭論。

The President said he must; Le Pen said he wouldn't.

總統說他必須；勒龐說他並不會。

Those divisions were clear among the protesters who opposed President Macron on the left side of your screen and the supporters who celebrated his victory on the right.

這些分歧很明顯，在你螢幕左邊的是反對馬克宏總統的抗議者，而右邊的是慶祝他勝利的支持者。

Many voters didn't turn out for either candidate.

The French government says the abstention rate, the percentage of people who didn't vote at all, was 28%⏤that's its highest level in more than 50 years.

法國政府說，棄權率，即完全沒有投票的人的百分比為28%——這是50多年來的最高峰。

And regardless of the election's outcome, the challenges facing France remain high.

無論選舉結果如何，法國面臨的挑戰仍然很大。

The country has seen several political storms since the 2017 election.

自2017年大選以來，該國已經經歷了幾次政治風暴。

And amid rising energy prices that only got worse after Russia invaded Ukraine, France's newly re-elected leader has a lot to deal with in the months ahead.

俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭使得能源價格上漲的情況下，法國新當選的領導人在今後幾個月有很多事情要處理。

President Macron says he'll address all of France's current problems, and that his second term will not be a continuation of his first.

馬克宏總統說，他會解決法國目前的所有問題，他的第二個任期不會是第一個任期的延續。

One thing that could affect his governing ability are France's upcoming parliamentary elections.

一個可能影響他執政能力的事情是法國即將舉行的議會選舉。

Those are happening in June, and Le Pen says her party is in an excellent position to make gains in them.

這些將在6月進行，而勒龐說她的政黨在其中處於有利地位，在議會中贏得勝利。

[French] We are at the dawn of an extraordinary renaissance.

[法文] 我們非凡的復興才正要開始。

When Emmanuel Macron became the president of France in 2017, he promised a fresh direction for the country: pro-business and staunchly pro-European.

當埃馬紐埃爾・馬克宏在2017年成為法國總統時，他承諾為國家提供一個新的方向：支持商業和堅定地支持歐洲。

Within months, he was mired in challenges that would dog his presidency.

在幾個月內，他就陷入了困擾他總統職權的挑戰之中。

Sparked by attacks on diesel that particularly affected poorer rural drivers, tens of thousands of French protesters took to the streets.

為了抨擊特別會影響到較貧窮的農村司機的燃油稅，數以萬計的法國抗議者走上了街頭。

[French] French people don't have the means to buy an electric vehicle, and if you want it, it's the straw that broke the camel's back.

[法文] 法國人沒有能力購買電動車，如果你就是要這麼做，這就是壓垮駱駝的那根稻草。

The yellow vest movement became one of the most significant French protests in decades.

黃背心運動成為幾十年來法國最重要的抗議活動之一。

Although Macron eventually rode back on the diesel tax.

雖然馬克宏最終渡過燃油稅此劫。

[French] I will not give anything to those who want destruction and disorder because the Republic is both public order and the free expression of opinions.

[法文] 我不會給那些想要破壞和混亂的人任何東西，因為共和國既是公共秩序也是言論和意見自由。

As protests faded, the unexpected struck: COVID-19.

當抗議活動淡出時，突然其來的侵襲來了：COVID-19。

"We're at war," declared Macron, shutting down France in one of the strictest lockdowns in Europe.

「我們正在作戰」，馬克龍說道，並宣佈封鎖法國，這是歐洲最嚴格的封鎖之一。

So, [the] first wave, people were really angry 'cause of neglect, and the need for full lockdown, and the number of fatal cases.

所以，第一波疫情時，人們真的很生氣，因為被忽視、需要全面封鎖，而且有很多致命的案例。

Despite a slow rollout for European vaccines, Macron doubled down on vaccinations to get France out of lockdowns, mandating health passes to push people to get jabbed.

儘管歐洲疫苗的推廣速度緩慢，但馬克宏在疫苗接種方面加倍努力以使法國擺脫封鎖，強制要求健康證以促使人們接受注射。

Protests from a vocal minority erupted in response, even as demand for vaccines skyrocketed almost overnight.

甚至在疫苗需求幾乎一夜之間暴漲的情況下，爆發了少數人的抗議。

But it's been internationally where Macron has had some of his most important moments, all marked by his distinctive style.

但在國際上，馬克龍一些最重要的時刻都是以他獨特的風格為標誌。

He speaks his mind, he speaks loud, but you cannot use the same old diplomatic words, and he's done it quite often.

他時常直話直說，聲音宏亮，且不會老用同一套的外交辭令。

10-second trivia: Which of these Greek scientists would have had the earliest laboratory?

十秒鐘小知識：以下哪一個希臘科學家擁有最早的實驗室？

Pythagoras, Archimedes, Plato, or Aristotle.

畢達格拉斯、阿基米德、柏拉圖，還是亞里斯多德。

Pythagoras was born the longest time ago in 570 BC and might have had the first laboratory ever recorded.

最早出生的畢達格拉斯生於西元前570年，且可能擁有史載第一個實驗室。

Up next: A new way to conduct medical research using virtual reality technology.

接下來：一種全新利用虛擬實境科技進行醫學研究的方式。

The practice of research and laboratories directly interacting with whatever matter you're studying goes back millennia.

研究和實驗室直接與你所研究的任何事項互動的實踐，可以追溯回幾千年前。

隨著新工具而來的是新想法的誕生。

And a company named "Nanome", which is featured in our next report, isn't the only one that offers VR software for scientific research.

在我們之後的報導中會提到，一間名為「Nanome」的公司，是眾多提供用於科學研究的虛擬實境軟體的公司中的其中一家。

There are some potential drawbacks to this.

利用虛擬實境進行科學研究可能有一些潛在的缺點。

For one thing, virtual reality has long been criticized for causing motion sickness in some users.

首先，對於某些使用者造成暈眩感，是虛擬現實技術長期以來被詬病的議題。

Some of the technology is still experimental; it's not as refined as tried-and-true traditional research.

有些科技仍處於實驗階段；它不像久經考驗的傳統研究那樣精準。

It's not known yet if the insight it offers is worth the investment⏤you've got to buy the headsets, the computers, the software.

目前還不知道這項技術帶來的益處是否值得投資——你必須購買耳機、電腦和軟體。

And Nanome itself might not be as user-friendly in some ways as its competitors.

甚至某些面向上，Nanome 本身的使用者體驗也落後於它的競爭者。

But it is one way in which scientists and medical companies can get an immersive view of the molecules they're studying.

然而，這也是科學家和醫療公司可以一窺究竟他們正在研究的分子的一種方法。

This might look like a game, but I'm exploring a virtual reality platform that helps scientists design real medicines by putting them inside the molecules they study.

這可能看起來像一個遊戲，但我正在探索一個虛擬實境平臺，藉由將藥物放進科學家研究的分子中協助設計真正的藥物。

I mean, this is crazy; I'm, like, in the molecule looking up at it.

我的意思是，這太瘋狂了；我正在分子裡往上看著它。

Joining me is Steve Mccloskey, the 30-year-old, co-founded, San Diego-based startup Nanome in 2016 to develop the technology.

在我旁邊的是史蒂夫・麥克洛斯基，這位30歲的年輕人在2016年共同創立了位於聖地亞哥的新創公司 Nanome，以開發這項技術。

But you started off as an academic nano engineer, so, what inspired you to get into the technology space and actually create this platform?

但你開始時是一名學術圈的奈米工程師，所以，是什麼啟發你進入科技領域並實際創造了這個平臺？

Yeah, I've always been into gaming, grew up [a] big gamer.

是的，我一直都喜歡電動遊戲，我是打電動長大的。

I remember how different it was to go into VR and be in the environment compared to just playing a 2D game.

我還記得跟2D遊戲比起來，進入VR並身歷其境是多麼不一樣的感覺。

When I was going through nanoengineering, I was, like, "Why don't we have a better immersive graphics way to do this?"

我從事奈米工程時就想說，「為甚麼我們沒有更好更立體的繪圖技術呢？」

Turns out, a lot of scientists were asking the same.

事實證明，許多科學家都在思考同一個問題。

Since the platform launched in 2018, hundreds of organizations have adopted Nanome's VR tools for their research.

自2018年平台發行以來，上百間組織已經採用 Nanome 的虛擬實境技術用在他們的研究上。

Mccloskey says at a cost of $5,000 plus per year...

Mccloskey 說，以每年5000多美金的成本而言...

Being able to go into VR, you actually immediately gain new insights, so this could send you on a completely new path of molecular development that would've otherwise never been discovered.

有機會進入虛擬實境，我們立刻就能得到全新的見解，並能夠使你踏上一條原本沒辦法被發現、全新的分子研究的道路。

That's exactly what's needed to fight one growing health crisis: antibiotic resistance.

這正是對抗一個日益增長的健康危機：抗生素抗藥性，所需的。

It's what happens when bacteria adapt and no longer respond to today's antibiotics, making common infections difficult to treat, and even fatal.

抗生素抗藥性指說當細菌適應而不再對現今的抗生素產生反應，使得一般感染變得難以醫治，甚至致命。

LifeArc, a medical research charity based in the UK, is using Nanome's VR to search for molecules that can fight some of these bugs.

LifeArc，一間位於英國的醫學研究慈善機構，正利用 Nanome 的虛擬實境技術來尋找能夠對抗這類細菌的分子。

These bacteria are inherently difficult to develop new drugs for because they've got very high natural defenses.

我們本來就很難針對這些細菌開發新的藥物，因為他們擁有非常高的自然抵抗力。

Tackling the problem in three dimensions helps speed up discovery, LifeArc says, but there are still financial hurdles to overcome.

LifeArc 指出，以立體的方式處理這個問題加快了探索的腳步，但仍有財務障礙需要克服。

The commercial returns for new antibiotics are really poor.

新抗生素的商業回報非常的差。

That's because, compared to other medications, antibiotics are cheap to buy but expensive to develop.

這是因為與其他藥物相比，抗生素的購買成本很低，開發成本卻很高。

What kind of time savings does Nanome allow for, and how does that then translate to cost savings?

使用 Nanome 幫助你們省下多少時間？而這些省下的時間換算下來等於省下多少成本？

Getting a drug to market six months quicker might be worth tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars of value because you're able to start selling it earlier.

讓藥物提早六個月上市可能價值數千萬甚至數億美元，因為你可以更早開始銷售它。

This is gonna be patient lives that you're saving, improvements in their lives.

這些都是拯救的病人生命、都能改善他們的生活。

Even with a quicker path to discovery, only around 1 in 10 new antibiotics make it past clinical trial, and no antibiotic designed with Nanome's platform is at that stage yet.

即便有了更快的探索途徑，也只有大約十分之一的新抗生素能夠通過臨床試驗，目前還沒有利用 Nanome 平臺設計的抗生素處於這一階段。

But Mccloskey says the VR gives more scientists a chance to beat the odds.

但 Mccloskey 說，虛擬實境給了更多科學家一個戰勝困難的機會。

We try to make it as accessible as possible, really democratizing access to scientific tools like this and trying to see a billion scientists in the world.

我們盡可能地使它普及，使像這樣的科學工具真正的民主化。我希望能看到世界上有十億科學家。

Teachers, parents, homeschoolers, instructors, if you want to know what's in each day's show,

教師、家長、家庭教育工作者、教員，如果你想知道每天的節目內容，

if you want a direct link to where you can submit your artwork for our new show open,

如果你想要一個能夠直接上傳自己藝術品到我們的新節目的連結，

if you want your inbox to be just a little more awesome,

如果你想讓你的信箱變得更酷一些，

please sign up for our free daily newsletter at cnn10.com, scroll down to where it says "sign up for daily emails".

請在 cnn10.com 訂閱我們的免費日報，滑到網頁底下點擊寫「訂閱每日電子郵件」的地方。

Well, here's a world record attempt you don't hear about every day.

這裡有一個你不是每天都能聽到的世界紀錄嘗試。

This is Whitby Abbey in the United Kingdom; its ruins date back as early as the 600s.

這是英國的惠特比修道院，這遺址最早可以追溯到西元600年代。

But more recently, in 1890, the author Bram Stoker visited the site and he wrote it into his famous novel "Dracula".

但最近在1890年，作家布拉姆・斯托克訪問了這個地方並把它寫進了他著名的小說《德古拉》。

That book came out 125 years ago, so, to commemorate that, there's gonna be live music, food and drinks, and free entry to people styled like Dracula.

那本書是125年前出版的，所以，為了紀念這一點，將會有現場音樂、食物和飲料，並讓造型像德古拉的人免費進入。

The goal? To break the record for the most people dressed as vampires in one place⏤that record is 1,039, but who's "counting"?

目標呢？目標是打破最多在一個地方打扮成吸血鬼的人的記錄——這個記錄是1039人，但誰在計算呢？（註：count 一詞同時有計算之意，同時也是德古拉伯爵 Count Dracula 的姓名）

I was just gonna end the show there, but then I thought, "I could 'vamp' a bit."

我本來已經要結束節目了，但後來想想，我可以再加把勁即「吸」講些話。

This could be an interesting "caper" to tell the "tooths"; some people are really "stoked" about it; they're certainly gonna "bat" an eye.

說真的，這可能是一個「斗」趣的玩笑；有些人真的對此感到興奮；他們當然會瞪大眼睛。

And, so, I decided to "sink my teeth" into a few more puns because I thought of them in the "neck" of time.

於是，我決定要卯足了勁，因為我在緊要關頭上又多想到了幾個雙關語。

I'm "Count del Azuz"; we are gonna shout-out Seaford High School today.

我是「德古拉伯爵...」啊不是啦；我們今天要向 Seaford 高中說哈囉。

Thank you for your request at youtube.com/cnn10.

謝謝你在 youtube.com/cnn10 的請求。