Name: 一天工作8小時的點子是哪來的？1919年成為全球勞工標準 (How the 8-hour working day became a global labour standard in 1919)
Uploaded: 2022-06-03T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 2 min 30 s

基礎被動語態

On the 28th of November 1919, in Washington, the first international labor standard of the ILO was adopted.

1919年11月28日於華盛頓，第一條由國際勞工組織訂定的國際勞動基準被採納。

The Hours of Work (Industry) Convention 001 limited working time to 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week.

工作時間行業公約001限制工作時間為每天八小時，每週四十八小時。

An average work week for a full-time manufacturing employee in the United States in 1890 was 100 hours.

1980年，在美國，一個全職製造業僱員的平均工作時間是100小時。

The origins of the movement for an 8-hour day began with the Industrial Revolution in Britain.

八小時工作制運動起源於英國的工業革命。

In 1817, British textile manufacturer Robert Owen raised the demand and coined the phrase: 8 hours labor, 8 hours recreation, 8 hours rest.

1817年，英國紡織品製造商羅伯特・歐文提出了這一要求並創造了這一說法：8小時勞動， 8小時休閒， 8小時休息。

The first piece of British legislation governing work hours was the Factory Act of 1833, limiting the workday for children in factories.

英國的第一條立法管制工作時數的條款為1833年的《工廠法》，其法條限制了工廠裡童工的工作時間。

In the United States, the Labor Reform Association founded in 1864 and the Grande 8-Hour League of Massachusetts formed a year later became the centers of the American movement.

在美國，創立於1864年的勞動改革以及一年後成立的麻州大八小時協會，成為美國運動的中心。

Meanwhile, in Australia, trade unionist James Stephens led stonemasons in Melbourne to agitate for an 8-hour working day, which they eventually won.

同時，在澳洲，工會成員詹姆斯・斯蒂芬斯帶領著石匠們在墨爾本鼓吹八小時工作制，他們最終贏得了這一勝利。

With the growing integration of the world economy and the development of the global trade union movement, the call for an 8-hour working day became global.

隨著世界經濟的日益一體化和全球工會運動的發展，要求實行八小時工作制的呼聲遍佈全球。

By the start of the 20th century, the 8-hour workday was becoming a reality for more and more people, and at the end of the First World War, 8-hour laws of varying scope had been enacted across Europe.

到了20世紀初，8小時工作制已經成為一種趨勢，在第一次世界大戰結束時，歐洲各地都頒佈了不同範疇的八小時法。

In the meantime, the social situation was explosive, and labor unrest widespread.

在此期間，社會形勢呈現爆炸性增長，勞工騷亂普遍存在。

"Unrest so great that the peace and harmony of the world are imperiled."

「動亂如此之大，以至於世界的和平與和諧受到威脅。」

To face this challenge, the International Labor Organization was created in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles.

為了應對這一挑戰，國際勞工組織於1919年成立，也作為《凡爾賽條約》的一部份。

The peace treaty included the declaration that "the adoption of an 8-hours day or a 48-hours week as the standard to be aimed at" was of "special and urgent importance".

該和平條約包括宣佈 「採用一天八小時工作制或一週四十八小時工作制作為標準」是有「特別以及緊迫重要性」的。

This urgent call was soon met at the first session of the International Labor Conference in Washington in 1919, with the adoption of convention 001.

這一緊急呼籲很快的在第一屆於1919年華盛頓舉行的勞工大會會議上得到響應，第001號公約通過了。

A landmark for workers' rights, the convention has had far-reaching impact on normalizing the 8-hour workday and has been an enduring pillar of modern working life.

作為工人權利的里程碑，該公約深遠的影響了八小時工作制，使之常態化，並一直是現代工作生活經久不衰的支柱。