BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.

BBC學習英語。我是山姆。

And I'm Neil.

而我是尼爾。

That's a tasty chocolate bar you're

你的巧克力棒真好吃

munching on there, Neil.

在那裡咀嚼，尼爾。

Tasty but maybe not healthy.

味道不錯，但可能不健康。

But at least on the wrapper there's a

但至少在包裝紙上有一個

label to tell you about its sugar,

標籤來告訴你它的糖分情況。

fat and calorie content.

脂肪和卡路里含量。

Yes, the little coloured guide on the

是的，小的彩色指南上的

wrapper allows consumers to compare

封裝器使消費者能夠比較

the healthiness of different things.

不同事物的健康性。

Well, in this programme, we'll be

那麼，在這個節目中，我們將

looking at an idea to add a label

看一個想法，添加一個標籤

showing the carbon footprint of a

表明了一個人的碳足跡。

product, and talking about some

產品，並談及一些

vocabulary used around this subject.

圍繞這一主題使用的詞彙。

By carbon footprint we mean how

我們所說的碳足跡是指如何

much carbon is used through the

許多碳是通過以下方式使用的

activities of a person, company or

個人、公司或企業的活動

country. This new system sounds

國。這個新系統聽起來

like a good idea, Sam.

這是個好主意，山姆。

Yes - but as normal, we still have

是的--但和平常一樣，我們仍然有

a question for you to answer first.

一個問題，請你先回答。

I think we all agree we want to

我想我們都同意，我們希望

reduce our carbon footprint

減少我們的碳足跡

somehow - but according to the

不知何故--但根據

Centre for Research into Energy

能源研究中心

Demand Solutions, how many tonnes

需求解決方案，多少噸

of CO2 equivalent per person annually

每人每年的二氧化碳當量

could be reduced by living car-free?

可以通過無車生活來減少？

Is it: a) Around 1 tonne,

是不是：a) 1噸左右。

b) Around 2 tonnes, or

b) 約2噸，或

c) Around 3 tonnes?

c) 大約3噸？

I'm sure living without a car would

我相信沒有汽車的生活會

reduce CO2, so I'll say

減少二氧化碳，所以我說

c) around 3 tonnes.

c) 約3噸。

OK, Neil, we'll find out if that's

好的，尼爾，我們會發現，如果這是

right at the end of the

的末尾，就在

programme. But let's talk

節目。但是，讓我們來談談

more about carbon labelling.

更多關於碳標籤的資訊。

Listing the carbon dioxide

列出二氧化碳

emissions of a product on the

產品的排放量在

packaging may encourage us

包裝可以鼓勵我們

to make greener choices.

做出更環保的選擇。

It's not a new idea but it's

這不是一個新的想法，但它是

something that's never caught on -

沒有想到的事

become popular or fashionable.

成為流行或時尚。

Until now. The idea now seems to

直到現在。現在的想法似乎是

have returned, and it's something

已經回來了，而且這是件

the BBC World Service programme

英國廣播公司的世界服務節目

The Climate Question has been

氣候問題一直是

looking into. They've been speaking

查的。他們一直在說

to business leaders about adding

向企業領導人介紹增加

labelling to their products.

在他們的產品上貼上標籤。

Such as Marc Engel, Chief Supply

如首席供應官Marc Engel

Chain Officer at Unilever. Let's hear

聯合利華的連鎖店負責人。讓我們來聽聽

why he thinks the idea is

為什麼他認為這個想法是

growing in popularity.

越來越受歡迎。

What we are seeing is Generation Z

我們所看到的是Z世代

and Millennials, are much much

和千禧一代，是多多

more willing to make choices,

更願意做出選擇。

informed choices, about

做出明智的選擇，關於

responsible products and brands,

負責任的產品和品牌。

so that's also why we're also

所以這也是為什麼我們也在

doing it. At the end of the day,

做到這一點。在一天結束的時候。

we're doing it because we believe

我們這樣做是因為我們相信

that this is what consumers will

這就是消費者將

ask from business - this is not

向企業詢問--這並不是

something that we

的東西，我們

made up ourselves.

自己編造的。

So, in this case, it seems it's people

是以，在這種情況下，似乎是人們

buying Unilever products who are

購買聯合利華產品的人是

driving this change - particularly

推動這一變化--特別是

younger people from Gen Z.

來自Z世代的年輕人。

So people born towards the end

是以，出生在末期的人

of the 20th Century or the

20世紀末或20世紀初的

beginning of the 21st Century,

21世紀初。

or slightly older Millennials.

或年齡稍大的千禧一代。

They want to make 'informed choices'

他們希望做出 "知情選擇"。

about what they buy - so, making

談到他們購買的東西 - 所以，使

decisions based on good and

決策的基礎是良好的和

accurate information. Carbon

準確的資訊。碳

labelling is part of that information.

標籤是該資訊的一部分。

And Marc Engel mentioned consumers

而Marc Engel提到了消費者

wanting to buy 'responsible' products

希望購買 "負責任的 "產品

or brands. Here, that means 'rusted'

或品牌。在這裡，這意味著'生鏽的'。

or 'reliable' with less

或 "可靠 "的少

environmental impact.

環境影響。

That all makes sense, and it's

這一切都很有意義，而且它是

why Unilever recently announced

為什麼聯合利華最近宣佈

it's committed to putting carbon

它致力於將碳

footprint information on

關於腳印的資訊

70,000 products. The Climate

70,000件產品。氣候

Question programme also spoke

問題節目還談到

to Dr Zaina Gadema-Cooke - an expert

向Zaina Gadema-Cooke博士--一位專家--提問。

in supply chain management at

供應鏈管理方面，在

Northumbria University. What does she

諾森比亞大學。她是做什麼的？

call measuring a product's

稱為測量產品的

carbon footprint?

碳足跡？

The problem with footprinting is it's

腳印的問題在於它是

almost impossible to include the

幾乎不可能包括

consumption stage associated with

的消費階段，與

the consumer because we all deal

因為我們都在和消費者打交道

with the products that we purchase

與我們購買的產品

and dispose of differently. So, it's

並以不同的方式進行處置。是以，它是

very difficult to include that - so

非常難以包括這一點 - 所以

'farm-to-fork' calculations tend to

'從農場到餐桌'的計算方法往往是

really be 'farm-to-retail-shelf' calculations

真正的 "從農場到零售貨架 "的計算方法

of carbon footprint loadings.

的碳足跡負荷。

So, Dr Zaina Gadema-Cooke describes

是以，Zaina Gadema-Cooke博士介紹說

the measurement of a product's carbon

衡量一個產品的碳含量

footprint as 'footprinting'. And this, she

腳印為'footprinting'。而這一點，她

says, is difficult to measure because we

說，很難衡量，因為我們

don't know what people do with the stuff

不知道人們用這些東西做什麼

after they have bought it.

在他們購買之後。

Yes, so for example, a carbon label

是的，是以，例如，一個碳標籤

might show an estimate of the carbon

可能會顯示一個估計的碳

footprint of milk from the cow to

牛奶的足跡到

the consumer - what Dr Zaina

消費者--Zaina博士的觀點

Gadema-Cooke calls 'farm to fork' but

加德馬-庫克稱 "從農場到餐桌"，但

after it leaves the supermarket shelf,

在它離開超市貨架後。

we don't know how efficiently it is

我們不知道它的效率如何

stored, how much is wasted and

儲存，有多少被浪費了，以及

what happens to the packaging.

包裝會發生什麼。

It's all food for thought - something

這都是值得思考的問題--一些

to think seriously about.

要認真思考。

And, Sam, what did you think about

還有，山姆，你怎麼看

my answer to your question earlier?

我之前對你的問題的回答？

Ah yes, I asked you - according to the

啊，是的，我問你--根據

Centre for Research into Energy

能源研究中心

Demand Solutions, how many

需求解決方案，有多少

tonnes of CO2 equivalent per

每噸二氧化碳當量

person annually - could be

每年的人 - 可能是

reduced by living car-free?

因無車生活而減少？

And I said around 3 tonnes.

而我說的是3噸左右。

Which was actually, a bit too much.

實際上，這有點太多了。

Research found living car-free

研究發現無車生活

reduces a person's annual CO2

減少一個人每年的二氧化碳排放量

production by an

產量由一個

average of 2.04 tonnes.

平均為2.04噸。

Anyway, let's briefly recap some

總之，讓我們簡要地回顧一下一些

of the vocabulary we've

的詞彙，我們已經

mentioned today.

今天提到的。

Yes, we've been talking about

是的，我們一直在談論

measuring our carbon footprint - that's

測量我們的碳足跡 - 這就是

how much carbon is used through the

有多少碳是通過

activities of a person, company or country.

一個人、公司或國家的活動。

And footprinting is an informal way of

而腳印是一種非正式的方式

saying measuring the carbon

說的是測量碳

footprint of something.

某個東西的腳印。

When something has caught on it

當有東西被抓到時

means it has become popular or

意味著它已經成為流行或

fashionable. And, making informed

時髦的。而且，做出知情

choices means making decisions

選擇意味著做出決定

based on good and

基於良好的和

accurate information.

準確的資訊。

Buying something that is

購買的東西是

responsible means that it is

負責任的意思是，它是

trusted or reliable. And, the phrase

可信賴或可靠。而且，這句話

from farm to fork describes the

從農場到餐桌》描述了

processes involved from

所涉及的過程，從

agricultural production

農業生產

to consumption.

到消費。

We're out of time now, but thanks

我們現在沒有時間了，但是謝謝你

for listening. Bye for now.

聆聽。暫時再見。

Goodbye.

再見。