Name: 土地測量是如何進行的?（How does land surveying work?）
Uploaded: 2022-03-12T14:36:19.000Z
Duration: 6 min 26 s

We use all kinds of measuring tools in our everyday lives: rulers, protractors, squares,

我們使用各種測量工具在 日常生活：直尺，量角器，角尺，

These work fine for small- and medium-sized projects, but what if we need to layout something

這些工作適合中小型工程 ，但如果我們需要設置一些東西

big like a road, bridge, dam, or pipeline?

像道路，橋樑，水壩或輸油管一樣大呢？

Hey I'm Grady and this is Practical Engineering.

嘿，我是格雷迪，這裡是實用工程。

Today we're talking about one of the civil engineer's most important companions, land

今天我們要討論一個土木工程師最重要的伙伴，

surveyors, and we're also going to try a little bit of surveying you can do at home.

土地測量師，我們也將嘗試一些你可以在家裡做的測量。

This video is sponsored by Blue Apron, more on that later.

本視頻由Blue Apron贊助 更多資訊在片尾。

Surveying is essentially the science of taking big measurements, and you've probably seen

土地測量基本上是科學的大型量度，你可能已經看過了

these guys on the side of the road looking through fancy equipment on a tripod.

這些傢伙在路邊通過三腳架上的花俏設備勘查。

Just about any civil engineering project starts with a survey to determine the legal boundaries

幾乎所有的土木工程一開始都會先丈量並確定房地產

between parcels of property, the location of existing infrastructure, and the topography

之間的合法邊界，現有的基礎設施位置和地形圖

Humans have always had a penchant for building big stuff which means surveying is career

人類總是喜歡建造巨大的東西就意味著測量是

Behind every wonder of the ancient world was an ancient geometry nerd who laid out the

在古代世界每一個奇蹟的背後 都有一個熱愛幾何學的古代書呆子

angles and alignments during construction.

負責規劃在施工期間的角度和校準。

Surveying is also how we created accurate maps of the continents like the Great Trigonometrical

土地測量也是我們創造準確的大陸地圖的方法 像是大三角洲大陸

Survey of India, which took almost 70 years to complete.

印度的勘查，花了近70年去完成。

I personally think everyone should aspire to accomplish something in your life that

我個人認為每個人一生中都應該追求完成某件事

can be prefixed with the words “great trigonometrical.”

而且可以在前面加上“大三角洲大陸”。

The ubiquitous tool for a survey is called a theodolite, and it's one job is to measure

無處不在的勘查工具被稱為 經緯儀，它的一個用作用是衡量

Combine those angles with distances from a chain or tape measure, and you can triangulate

結合這些捲尺或鍊條的距離，你可以使用三角學

the location of any point using trigonometry.

Modern theodolites, called total stations, can not only measure angles, but distance

現代經緯儀被稱為全站儀， 不僅可以測量角度，也可以測量距離

as well, and they have on-board computers to do the calculations and record the data

以及它們有配備電腦做計算並記錄數據

When you see a surveyor peering through a funny telescope, it's probably a total station,

當你看到一個測量員透過有趣的 望遠鏡觀察，它可能是一個全站儀，

and he or she is probably sighting a reflector to record the location of a point.

他或她可能正在盯著反映物記錄一個點的位置。

That's just scratching the surface of sophistication with modern surveying equipment.

這只是現代精密測量設備的毛皮。

With GPS and unmanned aircraft, things can get a lot more complicated.

有了GPS和無人空機，事情可以變得更複雜了。

But I've got a few ways you can do your own topographic survey with fairly basic and

但是我有幾種方法 你可以做到自己的地形調查使用相當基礎和

Maybe you've got a drainage issue on your land, maybe you're planning a landscaping

也許你有土地的排水問題，也許你正在計劃美化

project, or maybe you just want to exercise your god-given right to take measurements

作業，或者你只是想行使 上帝賦予你與生俱來的權利來度量

of stuff and write those measurements down on a clipboard.

東西，並寫下這些數據在剪貼板上。

My goal is to perform a leveling survey of my front and back yard, which is just a way

我的目標是完成前後院的水平調查，這是一種方式

to get the relative topography for an area.

I laid out a grid of points on a map of my house and then transferred those points to

我在家的地圖上畫了一個網格點 然後把這些點轉移到

Now I just need to pick my datum or base point and measure the relative difference in height

現在我只需要選擇我的基準點或基點 並測量高度的相對差異

I tried a few ways to do this and there are no sines, cosines, or tangents required.

我嘗試了幾種方法來做到這一點，而且 不需要正弦，餘弦或切線。

First, a sight level which is essentially a combination of a telescope and a spirit

首先觀測水平，基本上就是結合了望遠鏡

To use it, first get a buddy or a willing spouse to hold a surveying rod on the point

為了使用它，首先要有個朋友 或有興趣的老婆拿著測量桿在點上。

現在，透過經緯儀看著測量 桿然後提高或降低，直到氣泡球

Now, look through the sight at a surveying rod and raise or lower the end until the bubble

一旦到中心，你便知道這就是你正在看的水平等級。

Once it's centered you know that you're looking at a point that is exactly level to

只需減去你的眼線的高度與桿上測量的高度，得到

Simply subtract the height of your eyeline with the height measured on the rod and that's

這不是一個精確的技術， 但它是你在任何時刻既便宜又簡單的選擇

於家中的任何地方進行整修工程。

It's not a precision technique, but it is cheap and simple which the most you can usually

我嘗試的下一個方法是水位 就是字面上用一段清晰的PVC管

hope for in any part of a home improvement project.

The next way I tried is a water level which is literally just a length of clear vinyl

只要水管中沒有泡沫或扭曲，兩端的水位表面

As long as there are no bubbles or kinks in the line, the free surface at each end of

我把一端固定在桿的基準高度上， 然後帶著另一端在各個點

I kept one end at my datum a fixed height and measure the height of the water at the

這有點傻，但有明顯的優勢，不需要經緯儀

other end as I carry it around to each of my points.

It's a little more unwieldy but it does have a distinct advantage, no line of sight

你可以在角落周圍或 樹的後面使用這個方法，在次聲明

這是一個便宜而簡單的解決方案

You can use this method around corners or behind trees with no problem, and again, it's

第三種方法也是最適合我的：雷射水平儀。

The third method to take a level survey worked best for me: my laser level.

我偏好在建設性的狀況中 把握機會使用它，雷射棒透了。

雷射水平儀能創造出完美的水平 可用於排列櫥櫃

I relish any chance I get to use them in a constructive way, and this is perfect.

或瓷磚，但它也很容易在測量桿上觀測。

The laser level creates a perfect horizontal line that can be used to line up cabinets

你不需要幫手， 但你可能會需要等到黃昏直到你的雷射

or tile, but it is also easy read on a surveying rod.

夠明亮，或者你有美妙的激光增強眼鏡。

You don't need a helper, but you do probably need to wait until dusk unless your laser

這不是DIY土地測量最便宜的方案 ，但這是我嘗試過的最快的一個，

is really bright, or you have these sweet laser enhancement glasses.

而且它已經是很多人在用的工具了。

This isn't the cheapest solution for a DIY land survey, but it is the fastest one I tried,

測量是世界上最古老的職業之一， 也是最重要的一個。

and it's a tool a lot of people already have.

Surveying is one of the oldest careers in the world, and also one of the most important.

如果你擁有一些地產， 這可能是你最有價值的資產，即使你沒有，

不管你走到哪裡都無法擺脫掉它。

If you own some, it's probably your most valuable asset, and even if you don't, you're

作為一個職業，測量是如此迷人 結合法律知識，實地作業和技術性的

pretty much stuck to it no matter where you go.

As a career, surveying is a fascinating mix of legal knowledge, field work, and technical

而且由於大多數土木結構 對於傳統的測量工具太大，測量師

是土木工程師最重要的伙伴之一。

And since most civil structures are too big for conventional measurement tools, the surveyor

感謝您的收看，並讓我知道你怎麼想！

is one of the most important companions for the civil engineer.

Thank you for watching, and let me know what you think!

我們仍在安頓於新房子的過程中

Thanks to Blue Apron for sponsoring this video.

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在家中用正確的比例做出美味的食譜。

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再次感謝您的收看， 並讓我知道你怎麼想！

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