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  • Hi, everybody. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. In today's

  • video, I'm going to give you a few more phrasal verbs that begin with the verb:

  • "stand". Now, again, a "phrasal verb" is a combination of a verb and a

  • preposition. And sometimes the meaning is exactly what the two words mean, but

  • put together; but a lot of these phrasal verbs also... also have secondary

  • meanings; meanings that are completely unrelated to the words that are

  • combined. And it's very difficult to understand these, unless someone tells

  • you what they are, or unless you look them up in a dictionary. So, let's start

  • with: "stand up". Now, of course, everybody probably understands: "stand

  • up" means, like: don't sit or don't lie down. If you're sitting or... or lying

  • downyou "stand up" on your feet. But "stand up" can also mean to take

  • responsibility. Right? So, if the... if the... something bad happens in a class,

  • maybe somebody broke the chair in a classroom, and the teacher says: "Okay,

  • who did this?" somebody should "stand up" — means somebody should take

  • responsibility; take the blame. If nobody "stands up", the teacher will get

  • more upset. Now, we can also use this as a... as a compound: "stand-up" as a...

  • well, actually two meanings. You can have a "stand-up comic", which is a

  • comedian who stands on a stage and delivers jokes. But you can also say a

  • "stand-up person". A "stand-up guy" or a "stand-up girl" is a person who's very

  • good; very honest, somebody you can trust. We would say: "He's a stand-up

  • person." Okay?

  • On the other hand, "stand up for" or "stand up to" has a very different

  • meaning. If you "stand up for" something or someone, it means that you support

  • that thing or that someone. So, let's say my co-worker is being insulted or

  • attacked by the boss. And she's very nervous and very sad, and maybe she's

  • crying and she can't say anything. I will "stand up" for her. I will say to

  • the boss: "Stop insulting her. Don't say any more. Like, leave her alone", and

  • stuff like that. I am "standing up for" her because she can't defend herself. I

  • am defending her because she doesn't have the power to do it. "Stand up to"

  • is very similarmeans... it's face an enemy or face a bad situation. So, if

  • the boss is telling everybody: "Okay, everybody has to work overtime, but I'm

  • not paying you more money." Everybody's getting the same salary, but more hours

  • — I will "stand up to" my boss and say: "No. I'm not going to do it." Right? I

  • will basically take a firm position, and fight for what's right for myself or for

  • my co-workers as well. "Stand for" has two meanings. So, one of them I sort of

  • mentioned already. If you "stand for" somethingmeans you... you believe it

  • very much. It's a principle. It's something that you believe and something

  • that you will fight for, if you have to. Somebody that... something that other

  • people can't change about you. Right? So, I "stand for" integrity, I "stand

  • for" honesty means I believe these are very important things, and nobody will

  • change my mind about that. You can also... "stand for" can also mean to

  • tolerate. If you "won't stand for" somethingmeans you won't tolerate it.

  • So, for example, let's say in... again, let's go to a business situation because

  • it's easy. Some people like to say racist jokes at the office, or at

  • school, or anywhere social. Some people like to say racial jokes; I "don't stand

  • for" that kind of behavior. I "don't stand for" those kinds of jokesmeans

  • I don't tolerate them. I don't accept them. I will tell somebody to shut up if

  • they make one of these types of jokes. Okay? So, it's good to "stand for"

  • certain things.

  • "Stand by". So, again, there's the literal meaning means by... Can mean...

  • can... can mean next to or beside. So, if you "stand by" someone, you're just

  • standing next to them. In a more, like, an abstract meaning, you can "stand by"

  • someone. It doesn't mean you're physically standing by them; it means

  • you're supporting them. So, let's say in politicsyou sometimes see this — a

  • politician gets accused of having an affair, like an extramarital affair.

  • Like, he cheated on his wife, for example, or she cheated on her husband.

  • If the spouse doesn't believe the accusations and she... or she trusts her

  • husbandlet's say it's a womanshe will "stand by" him; she will support

  • him and stay with him through all the scandal, and not leave him. So, she's

  • very loyal to him. "Stand by" can also mean wait. Okay? So: "Okay. Don't start

  • the project yet. Let's just stand by until we get more information" or "stand

  • by to get the boss's permission", or "stand by for" whatever else you need

  • before you can begin something. So, essentially, it means wait. And in terms

  • of some jobs, some people are "on standby". Or if you're traveling and you

  • bought a ticket, but there's no seatsthe... the airline may put you "on

  • standby". It means you wait until an opportunity presents itself. So, in...

  • in some professions, let's say nursing: Many nurses, when they're just starting

  • their careers, are put "on standby", which means just be ready and wait. We

  • may call you to come to the hospital to work; we may not. Another expression is

  • "on call". It's the same meaning on... like: "standby" or "on call". Wait. We

  • might call; you we might not. So, that's "standby". "Stand in for", we don't

  • really have anything "stand in". We have a "stand-in" means a substitute. The

  • verb: "to stand in for me" is to take someone's place in a situation. So,

  • let's say in a movie, the actors might have some action scenes that are stunts

  • that are very dangerous. So, they have a stunt person "stand in" for them in that

  • situation. So, some actors will not do the dangerous scenes; the stunt person

  • will "stand in" for them while the camera shoots, and it looks like them.

  • Like they... like the actor, but it's not them; it's a stunt person. Some...

  • some actors actually do their own stunts, but that's not common. So,

  • "stand in for" — again, if I'm a teacher, and I'm sick today; I can't

  • come to schoolsomeone will "stand in for" me and take over the class until I

  • come back.

  • "Stand out". So, "stand out" doesn't mean outside. You could stand outside;

  • that's outside. "Stand out" means be very different; usually in a good way.

  • Some people can "stand out" in a bad way. But we mostly use this expression

  • to say: "Oh, wow. He really stands out from the crowd. He's different." And,

  • again, he's probably a little bit better than most of his... most of his or her

  • peers, as the case may be. Okay, I'll leave it at that. "Stand out". A

  • "standout" as a noun, if you make the two... if you squeeze the two words

  • together, and make it a compound — a "standout" means a very good thing. It's

  • something that's better than the most. It is noticeable, because it's very

  • good. And that's only for positive things. To "stand out" can be negative,

  • but mostly used for positive. Okay, so: "stand around". If you're "standing

  • around", basically, you're doing nothing. Right? Just "standing around",

  • you know, doing nothing. So, if somebody says: "Don't just stand around. No. Do

  • the work. Get involved. You're part of the team", etcetera. "Stand by" can

  • actually also mean that. "Standing by" means you're doing nothing also, but

  • more common is just: "standing around". "Stand aside". So, one meaning could be

  • literal; you just "stand aside" — move to the side. In some situations, you

  • "stand aside" means you make way for somebody else. So, for example, in...

  • again, this is very common in business situations. I'm a senior employee. I've

  • been in this company for 40 years, and there needs a new... there needs to be a

  • new manager. Now, realistically, it should be my promotion, because I've

  • been there the longest. But the company doesn't really want me; they want

  • somebody young who will be with a company a long time. So, they asked me

  • to "stand aside" — not to interfere in the promotion process; not to complain.

  • "Stand aside. Let the young guy come up and take over because he will be there

  • for many years." I will retire in two or three years anyway, so no point. So,

  • make space for; make room for.

  • "Stand back" is... is actually very direct, like: "stand back; move away".

  • So, we especially use this when there's, like, a situation that's a problem or a

  • dangerous situation. Let's say somebody... somebody... a car hit a

  • bicyclist and the bicyclist is on the ground. He's injured, and the ambulance

  • comes. And, of course, there's going to be a big crowd. Everybody wants to see

  • what's going on; what happened. So, the ambulance, the paramedicsthe guys who

  • work on the ambulancethey say: "Okay. Everybody stand back." Make space so

  • that they can go in and work, and take care of this bicyclist. But that's

  • really the only use of this. "Stand off". Now, "stand off" is generally not

  • used by itself; we would say, like: "stand off to the side", for example

  • means be a little bit separated; a little bit different area. So, you

  • "stand off to the side" means you're in a little bit separated. More commonly,

  • you might hear "standoff" as a compound noun. So, if there's a "standoff", that

  • means there's two rivals or two enemies are facing each other, and they're about

  • ready to start a fight or a battle. So, a "standoff" means rivals, or

  • competitors. "Stand down". Now, this you will hear very commonly in military

  • situations. When soldiers are getting ready to fight, they're getting into

  • their offensive posture; offensive positions, and then the... a senior

  • officer will say... will come and say: "Stand down". "Stand down" means go

  • into, like, a normal position; put your guns away; don't get ready to fight. So:

  • "stand down". "Stand down" can also mean in terms of position. You can "stand

  • down" means you... it's like similar to "stand aside" — you back off and let

  • somebody else take it. If you "stand down" from your position, you give it up

  • and you take a lower position, or you retire or whatever you do. If you "stand

  • with" someone, you support them. Right? So, you... There was a meme not too long

  • ago, like: "I stand with her". So, it was for the feminist movement, like the

  • "MeToo" movement and all that. If you "stand with" someone, you support them;

  • you are loyal to them. It's similar to: "stand by". "Stand by your man", "stand

  • with your man", "stand with your friends", "stand with" whatever people

  • you are supporting. Right? So, that's the expression.

  • Okay, so that's basically it. I hope everybody understood all these

  • expressions. If you're not sure, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz. You can

  • test your understanding. You can also ask me questions there in the comment

  • section. I'll be happy to help you out. And that's it. I hope you like this

  • video. If you did, give me a like. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel, and

  • ring the bell for notifications of future videos. And come back again;

  • we'll do this... we'll do this again soon. See ya. Bye-bye.

Hi, everybody. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. In today's

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13 Phrasal Verbs with STAND: stand by, stand out, stand down...

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    Summer 發佈於 2021 年 12 月 21 日
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