Name: 忽視理論。羅馬尼亞孤兒的故事 (Neglect Theory: The Story of the Romanian Orphans)
Uploaded: 2022-02-01T17:50:28.000Z
Duration: 6 min

轉承詞

Children who experience physical, cognitive or emotional neglect, say because their mother

遭受身體、認知或情感忽視的兒童，例如因為他們的母親

was sick and their father was busy, often face anxiety. As a result, their body produces

他們的父親生病了，他們的父親很忙，經常面臨焦慮。是以，他們的身體會產生

stress hormones. If this happens a lot, these hormones become toxic for their developing

壓力荷爾蒙。如果這種情況經常發生，這些荷爾蒙就會對他們的發育產生毒性。

brain, which then later can repress emotional and cognitive well-being for life.

大腦，然後以後會壓抑情感和認知的幸福生活。

The real story of Daniel Rucareanu, who spent part of his early childhood in a Romanian

丹尼爾-魯卡里亞努的真實故事，他的部分幼年時期是在羅馬尼亞的一家醫院度過的。

orphanage, shows the full impact neglect can have.

孤兒院，顯示了忽視可能產生的全部影響。

The story began in 1966 when Romania's then leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, wanted to make

故事開始於1966年，當時羅馬尼亞的領導人尼古拉-科埃斯庫（Nicolae Ceaușescu）想讓

his country a world powerhouse and came up with laws to increase the country's population.

他的國家成為世界強國，並提出了增加國家人口的法律。

Abortion and contraception were declared mostly illegal. While the law led to a rapid rise

墮胎和避孕大多被宣佈為非法。雖然該法律導致了快速增長

in birth rates, many of the poorer families were unable to take care of all their children

在出生率方面，許多較貧窮的家庭無法照顧所有的孩子。

and Daniel, and around half a million others, were sent to state-run institutions.

和丹尼爾，以及其他約50萬人被送入國營機構。

In most orphanages there were no toys, no books, or anything else to stimulate cognitive

在大多數孤兒院裡，沒有玩具，沒有書，也沒有其他可以刺激認知的東西。

development. Many kids just stared at the bare ceilings, waiting for their next meal.

發展。許多孩子只是盯著光禿禿的天花板，等待著下一頓飯。

Due to the lack of human contact, some babies developed strategies for self stimulation,

由於缺乏人類接觸，一些嬰兒發展了自我刺激的策略。

The cognitive neglect often led to lower IQ scores, delayed language development and a

認知上的忽視往往導致智商較低，語言發展遲緩和

lack of creative thinking. This happens because our brains build connections with every new

缺乏創造性思維。發生這種情況是因為我們的大腦與每一個新的事物建立聯繫

experience and stimulation. If there are no rich experiences during the first years of

經驗和刺激。如果在孩子的頭幾年裡沒有豐富的經驗

life — the period in which the brain develops the fastest — children cannot build the

在大腦發育最快的時期，孩子們無法建立起他們自己的大腦。

foundations necessary for optimal future learning. They miss out for life.

為未來的最佳學習打下必要的基礎。他們錯過了一生。

Daniel lived with over 400 other children and their shared bedrooms were hardly ever

丹尼爾與其他400多名兒童生活在一起，他們共用的臥室幾乎沒有被人發現過。

cleaned. The meals were mostly tiny portions of boiled cabbage, which the staff would sometimes

清潔的。飯菜大多是一小部分煮熟的捲心菜，工作人員有時會

steal to eat themselves. Some supervisors used violence to control the orphans. Others

偷東西來吃自己。一些監管人員使用暴力來控制孤兒。其他人

encouraged the older kids to beat Daniel to humiliate him and exercise authority..

鼓勵大孩子們毆打丹尼爾，以羞辱他並行使權力。

The consequences of physical neglect and lack of basic nutrients caused most orphans to

身體被忽視和缺乏基本營養的後果導致大多數孤兒

suffer from stunted growth. Some children contracted HIV and Hepatitis B as a result

患有發育不良。一些兒童是以而感染了艾滋病毒和乙型肝炎。

of the reusing of medical supplies. The physical abuse caused severe bruising and other injuries.

的重複使用醫療用品。身體虐待造成了嚴重的瘀傷和其他傷害。

The overworked and under-trained staff hardly ever soothed the crying children. In fact

工作過度和訓練不足的工作人員幾乎沒有安撫過哭泣的孩子。事實上

they barely spent any time with Daniel at all. Some children were left completely alone

他們幾乎沒有任何時間與丹尼爾在一起。一些孩子被完全拋在一邊

with their worries, others hid their feelings from the very people who ought to protect

擔心，其他人則對應該保護他們的人隱瞞了他們的感受。

Emotional neglect and anxiety lead to an excessive production of the stress hormones known as

情緒上的忽視和焦慮會導致壓力激素的過度分泌，稱為

adrenaline and cortisol,which is like poison for the developing brain.But the experience

腎上腺素和皮質醇，這對發育中的大腦來說就像毒藥。但這種經歷

also distorted the children's understanding of love and human relationships. They learned

也扭曲了孩子們對愛和人類關係的理解。他們學會了

to trust nobody and as adults, often suffered from depression, insomnia and social anxiety.

對任何人都不信任，成年後，經常遭受抑鬱症、失眠和社會焦慮的困擾。

When Ceausescu's regime was eventually overthrown and the conditions inside the orphanages were

當齊奧塞斯庫政權最終被推翻時，孤兒院內的條件被打破。

shown on television, researchers from around the world came to examine the nameless children.

在電視上播放，來自世界各地的研究人員前來檢查這些無名兒童。

MRI scans later showed that some had smaller volumes of brain mass. The resulting research

核磁共振掃描後來顯示，一些人的大腦品質體積較小。由此產生的研究

made a strong case that not only is nutrition vital to a child's development, but so is

他有力地說明，不僅營養對兒童的發展至關重要，而且營養對兒童的發展也至關重要。

human contact. To help the children, a large number were adopted into foreign families.

人的接觸。為了幫助這些兒童，大量的兒童被收養到外國家庭。

But even after being adopted, many had problems forming loving bonds to their new parents.

但即使在被收養後，許多人在與新父母形成愛的紐帶方面也有問題。

This aligns with the attachment theory and the notion that a child needs to establish

這與依戀理論和兒童需要建立的概念相一致。

a loving relationship with at least one primary caregiver early in life. Daniel was quite

在生命的早期就與至少一個主要照顧者建立了愛的關係。丹尼爾是相當

lucky with his family. While he continued to experience trauma and anxiety, he went

與他的家人一起很幸運。在他繼續經歷創傷和焦慮的同時，他去了

on to have a university education, started a family of his own and later he founded a

後來，他接受了大學教育，建立了自己的家庭，後來他還創辦了一個

non-profit organization for neglected children.

為被忽視的兒童提供的非營利組織。

If you grew up in a loving environment, count yourself really, really lucky. If you experienced

如果你是在一個充滿愛的環境中長大的，那你真的非常非常幸運。如果你經歷了

forms of neglect, try to internalize the idea that it was never your fault and maybe not

忽視的形式，嘗試將這種想法內在化，即這從來不是你的錯，也許不是你的錯。

To read what we think can be done if you have ever experienced neglect, read the descriptions

要閱讀我們認為如果你曾經經歷過忽視，可以做什麼，請閱讀描述

below. One way is to share your thoughts about neglect and how you think it affects you today.

下面。一種方式是分享你對忽視的看法，以及你認為它今天對你的影響。

This and all other Sprouts' videos are  licensed under the Creative Commons. 

本視頻和所有其他Sprouts的視頻都在知識共享協議下授權。

That means teachers from all around the world can 

這意味著來自世界各地的教師可以

use them in classrooms, online courses or to start projects - and today, thousands

在教室、在線課程或啟動項目中使用它們--而今天，成千上萬的

To learn how it works and download this video without Ads or background music, checkout

要了解它是如何工作的，並下載這個沒有廣告或背景音樂的視頻，請查看

our website  or read the description below.

我們的網站或閱讀下面的描述。

If you want to support our mission and help change education 

如果你想支持我們的使命並幫助改變教育

visit our Patreon - that's patreon.com/sprouts.

請訪問我們的PATREON - 即patreon.com/sprouts。