Name: 【CNN10】全球太空競賽｜2021年12月7日 (The Global Space Race | December 7, 2021)
Uploaded: 2021-12-13T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

嗨，我是 Carl Azuz，歡迎收看本期節目！

基礎被動語態

"Yes!"⏤That's a partial quote from a US Senator who was asked recently if America is in a new space race with China.

「沒錯！」——被問到美國是否正與中國展開全新一輪的太空爭霸戰時，一名美國參議員是這麼回答的。

Neither of those countries was the first to reach space with a satellite.

不過呢，第一個以衛星到達太空的國家，既不是美國，也不是中國，

That feat was accomplished by the Soviet Union in 1957.

而是蘇聯。蘇聯在 1957 年就完成了這項壯舉。

4 years later, that same country also launched the first person into space, Yuri Gagarin in 1961.

4 年後的 1961 年，蘇聯依然領先全球，把第一個人類 Yuri Gagarin 送上了太空。

But in the years that followed, the United States eventually outpaced the USSR and historians say America effectively won the first space race by putting two men on the moon in 1969.

但在隨後的幾年裡，美國急起直追，在太空探索領域趕超蘇聯。歷史學家說，美國在 1969 年將兩名男子送上月球，贏得了第一輪的太空爭霸賽。

Since then, the US has been the global leader in space exploration and development.

從那時起，美國一直是太空探索和發展的全球領導者。

But China, as you'll see in just a minute, is taking steps to catch up.

如今，中國正加緊腳步追趕美國。是怎麼一回事？我們馬上帶你來看看。

General David Thompson, who heads up the US Space Force, says China is moving twice as fast to develop its capabilities in space.

美國太空部隊的領軍人物 David Thompson 將軍說，中國正在以兩倍的速度發展其在太空的影響力。

And he says the Asian country could surpass America there by the end of the decade.

他預言，中國可能在 2030 年末超越美國。

Is all this space exploration worthwhile?

There's been a debate going on about that for years.

關於這個問題的辯論已經持續多年，

Supporters say investigating other planets and galaxies teaches us more about our own and encourages the development of new technologies to solve problems.

支持派說，研究其他星球和銀河系會使我們更瞭解自己的星球並促進新技術的開發來解決問題。

Opponents say deep space missions carry too much risk and bring too little benefit to people on Earth to justify the amount of money and time spent on them.

反對派則認為，深太空探索的風險太大，給地球人帶來的好處太少，不值得把那麼多的金錢和時間押在這項任務上。

In the past, that money came through government investment using taxpayer funds.

過去，太空探索項目都是由政府用納稅人的錢來資助。

More recently, privately-funded space efforts have gotten off the ground, and regardless of how people may feel about space exploration, the efforts to push it onward and upward are expanding in several parts of the world.

而近年來，民間對太空探索的投資越來越多，無論大眾對太空探索的感覺如何，推動太空探索的努力正在世界幾個地方擴大。

Lifting off from their satellite launch center in the Gobi desert, China rocketed three astronauts towards the country's new space station.

中國的太空船在戈壁沙漠的衛星發射中心升空，把三位中國的太空人送上該國建設中的太空站。

The crew will now live and work there for 183 days.

三位太空人將在中國太空站上生活及工作長達 183 天。

It's China's longest mission yet, and a major step in the country's young space program, quickly becoming one of the world's most advanced.

這是中國太空史上時間最長的一次任務。作為太空探索的後起之秀，中國也憑這一大躍進躋身太空先進大國的行列。

Though China arrived late to space exploration, the government has been investing billions of dollars in its advancement.

雖然中國的太空探索起步比較晚，不過中國政府並不吝於注資扶助這個領域的發展，目前累計金額估計達到了數十億美元。

In the past three years, Chinese missions have brought rock samples from the moon back to Earth for the first time in 40 years, successfully landed an exploratory rover on the far side of the moon, and then, one on mars.

在過去 3 年，中國分別取得了好幾個成果，包括 40 年來第一次從月球採回了岩石樣本，成功讓探測車著陸月球背面和火星。

There were only the second country to do so.

目前為止，成功取得這些結果的國家，中國是第二個。

The United States, unsurprisingly, came first, but America's cosmological dominance could soon be challenged by China as well as other space-ambitious nations.

美國至今仍把持著第一太空大國的頭銜，但在宇宙領域的主導地位可能很快就會受到中國及其他對太空資源富有野心的國家挑戰。

As its space program expands, the United Arab Emirates also reach Mars earlier this year, though their mission didn't touch the surface.

阿拉伯聯合酋長國也正落力發展太空計畫，並於今年較早時抵達火星，雖然他們的探測器並沒有登陸火星表面。

The UAE scientific satellite began orbiting the Red Planet in February.

阿聯的科學衛星從 2 月起圍繞著火星運行。

The country also plans to send an uncrewed spacecraft to the moon in 2024.

該國還計劃在 2024 年發射一個無人探測器到月球。

India hopes to do the same later this year or in 2022.

印度則希望在今年稍晚或 2022 年也能解鎖太空成就。

After a failed attempt in 2019, the country has been inching towards a new date for the unmanned lunar landing.

印度在 2019 年登月計劃失敗之後，就一直設法再把無人探測器送上月球。

India's prime minister is also encouraging the private sector to help the country's space ambitions, following the US in a pivot towards commercializing space.

繼美國商業化太空的政策之後，印度總理也持續鼓勵私人領域投資發展太空科技，幫助印度建立太空霸業。

Another with lunar ambitions is the European Space Agency, which is working to develop a moon lander.

另一個有意登陸月球的，是目前正積極開發月球登陸器的歐洲太空總署。

The ESA also has probes currently exploring the Solar System.

目前，歐洲太空總署的探測器正在太陽系運行中。

Still a player in space, Russia is planning a collaborative asteroid mission, joining forces with China for a robotic probe set for 2024.

而太空帝國其中一位老大哥俄羅斯，正計劃 2024 年與中國聯手執行一項機器人探測小行星任務。

They are also hoping to launch an automatic lunar station in July of next year.

他們也希望能在明年 7 月建成一個月球科研站。

And in a first, both for space and cinema, a Russian film crew returned to Earth after shooting scenes on the International Space Station for the first-ever movie partly filmed in space.

俄羅斯曾經把一支電影劇組送上國際太空站取景，化太空為電影拍攝場地之一。超狂的創舉對太空業和電影業來說可謂史無前例。

As a whole, however, Russia's space program has dwindled from decades ago when the Soviet Wnion launched the first satellite into space.

然而，全球第一個發射衛星上太空的國家蘇聯相比，俄羅斯的太空成就可謂小巫見大巫。

In the meantime, Russia's former space rival has grown more ambitious.

與此同時，俄羅斯的前太空對手——美國已經變得更加雄心勃勃。

NASA has sent five rovers to explore the surface of Mars, just launched a 12-year mission to explore asteroids, and says it will soon land the first woman ⏤ and first person of color ⏤ on the moon.

在成功讓五輛探測車著陸火星表面後，美國國家航空暨太空總署宣布了一項為期 12 年的小行星探索任務，還表示很快會把第一位女性和第一位有色人種送上月球。

As advancements unfold, the space race is much changed from its former standoff era, now mixing contest with collaboration.

這些國家意識到彼此的太空實力不相伯仲，誰都沒有絕對優勢，於是他們不再像過去一樣爭鋒相對，而是轉變為一種亦敵亦友的形式競爭。

Take a look at the crew on the International Space Station.

Astronauts from the United States, Japan, Belarus, France, and Russia high above geopolitics, a truly international cooperation at the helm of humanity's next frontier.

在這群來自美國、日本、白俄羅斯、法國和俄羅斯的太空人眼裡沒有地緣政治，只有為人類在新領域的領導地位互相合作。

10-second trivia: Which of these grocery store chains is oldest?

10 秒問答：以下這些連鎖超市中，哪一家超市的歷史最悠久？

Albertsons, Piggly Wiggly, Safeway, or Kroger.

是 Albertsons、Piggly Wiggly、Safeway 還是 Kroger？

In 1883, Barney Kroger opened his first store in Ohio, and it's the oldest chain on this list.

答案是 1883 年在俄亥俄州開設第一家門市的 Barney Koger。

His motto: Never sell anything you would not want yourself.

他的座右銘是：永遠不要出售連你自己都不想要的東西。

But one challenge facing every grocery store is how to sell the meats, fruits, and veggies that are close to their expiration or sell-by dates.

但即便是好東西，出清即期肉類、蔬果對超市業者來說也是相當頭疼的挑戰。

No one benefits when these foods are thrown out.

But grocery stores' efforts to discount them haven't always worked, and some attempts to sell so-called ugly produce, which may have bruises or blemishes but is still good to eat, haven't worked, either.

超市業者並不是沒有試著以更優惠的價格出清這些即期或單純長相不太好看的商品，只可惜似乎未能打動大部分消費者。

There are several companies working to fix this, but they have their limits.

目前也有幾家公司介入設法解決糧食浪費問題，不過他們能做的事情有限。

For the application you're about to see, you can't find everything you need at a discount, only what the store has available and listed, and some users have reported getting moldy or soft produce through the app.

在你即將看到的這個應用程式中，只有賣業者所提供的折扣商品。不過一些用戶反映說他們用這個軟體應用程式買到了發霉或變軟的農產品。

But it could be one step in reducing food waste.

但這也許能成為減少糧食浪費的方法之一。

Not all the food that's grown, harvested, and sold in markets or restaurants winds up on someone's plate.

其實，未必所有被種植、被收割和在市場或餐館被出售的糧食都會被人們吃進胃裡。

In the US, up to 40% of the food supply is thrown out.

因為在美國，有高達 40% 的糧食被丟進垃圾桶。

Most of it will make its way to landfills, where it eventually rots, emitting methane, a gas more than 25 times as potent as CO2 when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere.

這些被丟進垃圾桶的糧食最終被送到垃圾掩埋場，並在掩埋場腐爛、排放甲烷，這種加強大氣蓄熱能力，對環境殺傷力比二氧化碳還要大的氣體。

If the international food waste were a country, it'd be the third leading cause of greenhouse gas emission, behind the US and China.

如果把糧食浪費比作一個國家，這個國家便是繼續美國和中國之後，溫室氣體排放量第三大的國家。

Some of that waste comes from grocery stores, where unsold food often ends up in the dumpster.

超市業者是造成糧食浪費的「貢獻者」之一，因為他們經常直接把賣不完的食品直接丟進垃圾桶。

Around the world, grocery stores throw out an estimated 133 million tons of food every year.

全球超市每年丟棄約 1.33 億公噸的糧食。

The average store throws out anywhere from, like, 5 to 10,000 dollars worth of food everyday.

如果以一天來計算，超市平均每天丟棄價值 5 元至 1 萬美元的糧食。

Canadian based startup Flashfood wants to change that.

於是這間位於加拿大的新創公司 Flashfood 出現了，他們希望解決全球的糧食浪費問題。

Working with supermarkets, the company sells groceries that are approaching their sell-by date, before they're thrown out.

Flashfood 幫助超市賣出即期商品，避免這些商品被白白丟棄浪費。

To attract customers, Flashfood marks items down by as much as 50%, savings that could really add up.

他們售賣的商品，價格最高下殺 5 折，以超優惠、超激省的策略吸引顧客購買。

Some of our top shoppers have saved tens of thousands of dollars.

我們的常客最高可省下數萬美元。

Shoppers use an app to see what items are available to them at nearby stores.

消費者可以透過他們的應用程式查看附近的商店有哪些商品。

The most commonly found products, according to the company, are fruit, vegetables, meat, and seafood, typically 1 to 2 days from their sell-by dates, but still fresh and perfectly good to eat.

Flashfood 表示，他們平台上的常見商品有水果、蔬菜、肉類和海產。這些商品距離過期還有 1、2 天的時間，但依然新鮮，不影響食用。

We're actually dictating what people are gonna have for dinner based on what's available through the Flashfood app.

我們實際上是通過 Flashfood 應用程式去幫人們決定他們的晚餐吃什麼。

It almost becomes this treasure hunt, where they're clicking stores and seeing what's available and seeing what deal they can get.

我們把購物變成一種驚喜包的體驗，讓用戶透過點擊不同商店的頁面，去尋找不同的優惠。

The groceries can be picked up from a Flashfood locker like this one, located at a giant supermarket in central Pennsylvania, one of the 1,200 locations the company is in across Canada and the US.

這是賓夕法尼亞州中部一間巨型超市，用戶可以到 Flashfood 特設的置物櫃領取他們所購買的雜貨。目前 Flashfood 在加拿大和美國共設有 1 千 200 個據點。

Groceries, forever, have always marked product down whenever it's getting close to the expiration date.

超市總是會把快到期的商品打折出售。

But what you aren't able to do is, really, catalog it and put it out in a way where customers can see what's fresh today.

不過，很少超市會費心思去編制即期商品目錄，甚至陳列出來，讓顧客挑選還可以食用的商品。

Flashfood was quite innovative in putting all of that in one app, where customers are able to see the different variety.

而 Flash Food 把所有的即期商品，全部登記在同一個平台上，讓顧客一目了然各種不同類型的即期商品並作出選購，用創意的方式解決糧食浪費問題。

The Giant company has deployed Flashfood in all of its 187 grocery stores in the US.

Giant 超市在全美的 187 間分店都使用了 Flashfood 的服務。

(A) year today, we have diverted 700,000 pounds from food recycling or landfills.

在我們服務滿一週年的今天，我們成功挽救 70 萬磅的食物，讓這些食物被白白浪費前，發揮了滋養人類的功能。

Overall, Flashfood says it's diverted more than 30 million pounds of food that would have ended up in landfills, saving customers 90 million dollars at the same time, and has plans to continue its expansion.

總的來說，Flashfood 成功避免超過 3 千萬磅的糧食被浪費，並為顧客省下 9000 萬美元。該公司接下來會繼續擴張業務，讓糧食的價值獲得最大的發揮。

We're willing to work with any partners in any capacity as we continue scaling.

我們會繼續擴大營業規模，也非常樂意與任何夥伴合作。

This is a big problem, and it takes a village to solve, and we're open and excited to continue to do that across America

糧食浪費是個大問題，需要集眾人之力來完成，我們對任何可能的合作都抱持開放心態，也很高興能繼續服務美國。

For 10 out of 10, there is no place like a new home for the holidays.

來到十分滿意環節，我們要跟你分享一個緣起於甜甜圈的美好故事。

Ebony Johnson and Suzanne Burke had a common bond, doughnuts.

一個我們日常所見的甜甜圈，牽起了 Ebony Johnson 和 Suzanne Burke 的友誼。

Johnson worked at the Dunkin' Donuts where Burke regularly saw her at the drive-thru; they got to become friends.

Johnson 是 Dunkin' Donuts 的員工，她在 Dunkin' Donuts 得來速站崗的時候經常遇到 Burke，她們後來成了朋友。

But when Johnson lost her home because of financial problems, Burke contacted local organizations of furniture bank and a designer, who all worked together to provide a fully-furnished home for Johnson and her family.

當 Johnson 面臨財務問題而失去棲身之所時，Burke 聯繫上了當地一個非營利組織傢俱銀行和一名設計師，為 Johnson 和她的家人建起一個傢俱齊全的房子。

Sounds like a good seasonal story, "donut"?

迎接聖誕佳節之際，這則故事讓人感覺更美好，對吧？

An old-fashioned friendship can make anyone "jelly".

他們的故事也許樸實無華，但卻意味深長。

You can "glaze" on it as the "cream of the cream" and "chocolate" of good outcomes up to it, because "berry" few things are sweeter.

錦上添花人人有，雪中送炭更難能可貴。

With hazelnuts roastin' over an open fire and Jack Frost nipping at our noses, there's nothing like a warm doughnut, whether you like to dunk 'em or prefer the cream crispy, to bring people together.

榛子在火爐上烤著，冬霜輕咬你的鼻子，無論你是喜歡把甜甜圈浸泡後再咬一口還是喜歡奶油脆皮口味，沒有什麼比一個溫暖的甜甜圈更能讓人靠近彼此。

Our YouTube channel has brought a lot of us together; we are looking at you, Winfield High School in Winfield, Kansas.

我們的 YouTube 頻道讓你我變得更靠近。說的正是你，堪薩斯州溫菲爾德的 Winfield 高中。

謹代表 CNN 10，我是主播 Carl Azuz。