We also needed to change their surroundings.

我們還需要改變他們的環境。

But did he succeed?

但他成功了嗎？

Mhm Bronfenbrenner ecological system theory conceives that a child is influenced by five ecological forces.

Mhm Bronfenbrenner 生態系統理論認為，兒童受到五種生態力量的影響。

First comes the micro system of family and friends that affect the child directly.

首先是直接影響孩子的家庭和朋友的微觀系統。

Second are the forces of the connections between the people around the child, parents with teachers and teachers with peers.

其次是孩子周圍的人之間的聯繫的力量，父母與教師，教師與同伴。

Then there are links between social settings that do not directly involve the child, such as the father with his boss, The piers with their parents and the teacher with the principal.

然後是不直接涉及孩子的社會環境之間的聯繫，如父親與他的老闆、碼頭工人與他們的父母、教師與校長。

Next is the overarching culture, religion and social norms that influences all others.

接下來是影響所有其他人的總體文化、宗教和社會規範。

And lastly, there is time which changes everything Over the course of one's life.

最後是時間，它在一個人的生命過程中改變了一切。

Children are born into a micro system that influences the child's experiences directly.

兒童出生在一個微觀系統中，這個系統直接影響著兒童的經歷。

Children from unfortunate backgrounds are more likely to experience problematic family structures, even if it's simply for the fact that parenting is more difficult if you are poor, they also encounter more negative situations at school or bad influences through friends.

來自不幸背景的兒童更有可能經歷有問題的家庭結構，即使只是因為如果你是窮人，養育孩子會更加困難，他們也會在學校遇到更多的負面情況，或通過朋友受到不良影響。

Consequently, a child that grows up in a negative micro system will find it hard to succeed.

是以，在消極的微觀系統中成長起來的孩子將發現很難成功。

Yeah the meso system represents the interconnections between the elements that surround the child, for example, the relationship between the father and the school teachers.

是的，中觀系統代表了圍繞兒童的各種元素之間的相互聯繫，例如，父親和學校老師之間的關係。

If the father doesn't get along with a teacher, the child might suffer.

如果父親與老師相處不融洽，孩子可能會受到影響。

The exhaust system involves the links between social settings that do not involve the child.

排氣系統涉及不涉及兒童的社會環境之間的聯繫。

For example, a child experience at home can be influenced by their parents, experiences at work.

例如，孩子在家裡的經歷可能會受到他們的父母、工作經歷的影響。

If the mother loses her job, there might be more arguments with the father, resulting in changes in their interaction with the child.

如果母親失去了工作，可能會與父親發生更多爭執，導致他們與孩子的互動發生變化。

Yes, the macro system describes the overarching culture that influences all other systems, such as a child's geographic location and ethnicity.

是的，宏觀系統描述了影響所有其他系統的總體文化，如孩子的地理位置和種族。

Intelligent people who happen to live in bad places are more likely to move to better ones.

碰巧住在壞地方的聰明人更有可能搬到更好的地方。

But that also means that they are more likely to be strangers in a richer society.

但這也意味著，他們更有可能在一個更富裕的社會中成為陌生人。

So regardless of the child's biological potential or upbringing on a macro level, he or she may still be at a disadvantage.

是以，無論孩子的生理潛力或宏觀上的教養如何，他或她仍然可能處於不利地位。

The Kronos system refers to changes in the child and the environment over time.

Kronos系統指的是兒童和環境隨著時間的推移所發生的變化。

As the child grows up, the parents may stop loving each other and divorce, which can be traumatic for an eight year old boy.

隨著孩子的成長，父母可能不再相愛並離婚，這對一個8歲的男孩來說可能是一種創傷。

Five years later, he may have come to terms with how things turned out.

五年後，他可能已經接受了事情的結果。

But when the boy turned 16, his mom's new boyfriend moves into their tiny apartment and things get difficult again.

但是，當這個男孩16歲時，他媽媽的新男友搬進了他們的小公寓，事情又變得困難起來。

Yeah, Bronfenbrenner who was influenced by love by got ski and kurt Lewin convinced the U.

是的，受到愛的影響的Bronfenbrenner得到了滑雪和Kurt Lewin說服了美國。

S.

S.

Congress that a child's prospect is not genetically predestined, but is the result of the larger environment.

大會認為，孩子的前景不是遺傳註定的，而是大環境的結果。

They happen to be placed in Children who grow up in unfortunate social structures therefore need a form of support that not only reaches their families but also elements of their community.

他們碰巧被安置在在不幸的社會結構中長大的兒童，是以需要一種不僅能接觸到他們的家庭，而且能接觸到他們社區的元素的支持。

Bronfenbrenner theory helped form the Head start program in 1965.

布朗芬布倫納理論在1965年幫助形成了兒童早期教育計劃。

A government program that has served more than 35 million poor Children since.

一個政府計劃，自此為超過3500萬的貧困兒童提供服務。

Yeah, decades later, Bronfenbrenner and Stephen Ceci proposed an extension of this theory called the bio ecological model.

是的，幾十年後，布朗芬布倫納和斯蒂芬-塞西提出了這個理論的延伸，稱為生物生態模型。

This new model recognizes gene environment interactions and acknowledges the role of heritability but adds that genes themselves are under the influence of the environment.

這個新模型承認基因與環境的相互作用，並承認遺傳性的作用，但又說基因本身受到環境的影響。

In other words, the process of heritability varies in a magnitude of potentials.

換句話說，遺傳性的過程在潛力的大小上是不同的。

How much a child can make of the potential they inherit depends on the ecological environment.

一個孩子能在多大程度上發揮他們所繼承的潛力，取決於生態環境。

Yeah, Bronfenbrenner made a critical contribution to our realization that parent child relationships do not exist in a social vacuum but are embedded in the larger structures such as community, society and culture in order to develop.

是的，布朗芬布倫納為我們認識到親子關係不存在於社會真空中，而是嵌入到社區、社會和文化等更大的結構中才能發展做出了重要貢獻。

Well, he allegedly said every child needs at least one adult who was irrationally crazy about him or her.

據稱，他說每個孩子都需要至少一個為他或她不理性地瘋狂的成年人。

Now it's your turn make five circles, draw yourself in the center and at a timeline at the bottom then put all the people institutions and forces that affect you through the five different systems on the timeline below.

現在輪到你做五個圓圈，把你自己畫在中間，在底部的時間軸上，然後把所有通過五個不同系統影響你的人機構和力量放在下面的時間軸上。

You can add some major events from the past and those you expect in the future.

你可以添加一些過去的重大事件和你預期的未來的事件。

Can you tell how the five forces are shaping your life?

你能說出這五種力量是如何塑造你的生活的嗎？

To read more about the topic or download the video without background music, visit sprouts schools dot com.

要閱讀更多關於該主題的內容或下載沒有背景音樂的視頻，請訪問sprouts schools dot com。

This and all other sprouts videos are licensed under creative commons.

本視頻和其他所有芽苗菜視頻都是在創意共同基金下授權的。

That means teachers from all around the world can use them in classrooms, online courses or to start projects and today thousands already do to learn how it works and download this video without ads or background music.

這意味著來自世界各地的教師可以在教室、在線課程或啟動項目中使用它們，今天已經有成千上萬的人在學習它是如何工作的，並下載這個沒有廣告或背景音樂的視頻。

Check out our website or read the description below.

請查看我們的網站或閱讀以下描述。

If you want to support our mission and help change education, visit our Patreon.

如果你想支持我們的使命，幫助改變教育，請訪問我們的Patreon。

That's patreon dot com slash sprouts.

這就是PATREON點com的斜線芽。