Name: COP26有很大的野心--這裡是它失敗的原因 (COP26 had big ambitions - here’s why it fell short)
Uploaded: 2021-11-18T18:55:44.000Z
Duration: 9 min 42 s

分詞構句

Even trying to speak to you now, it's so loud around us so maybe that's that's the point so that they can deliver their message as loudly as possible.

即使現在想和你說話，我們周圍的聲音也是如此之大，所以也許這就是重點，這樣他們就可以儘可能大聲地傳遞他們的資訊。

I mean, completely detached almost to what is happening over there, Cop 26 was built as the last best chance to save the planet.

我的意思是，幾乎完全脫離了那邊正在發生的事情，第26號警察是作為拯救地球的最後一個最佳機會而建立的。

Many of the world's most powerful leaders, climate scientists and activists descended on Glasgow with an aim to do just that.

許多世界上最有權勢的領導人、氣候科學家和活動家來到格拉斯哥，目的就是為了實現這個目標。

But how successful have they been and is what's happened inside this conference center really going to solve our climate emergency.

但是他們有多成功，在這個會議中心內發生的事情是否真的能解決我們的氣候緊急情況。

The negotiations more formal process behind closed doors is difficult to understand what's happening in the conference.

閉門談判更正式的過程是很難理解會議中發生的事情。

Sam MEREDITH is a correspondent for CNBC covering climate, health and international politics.

Sam MEREDITH是CNBC的記者，報道氣候、健康和國際政治。

He's been in Glasgow for the duration of cop 26 writing about the stories both inside and outside the conference center.

他在第26號警察期間一直在格拉斯哥，寫會議中心內外的故事。

So I think it's important to say that in the run up to the summit, expectations were very low and they're actually made lower by world leaders and diplomats.

是以，我認為有必要說，在峰會召開之前，人們的期望值非常低，而且實際上世界領導人和外交官們的期望值也更低。

Part of the problem for cop 26 I suppose is that there's gonna be no headline agreement that comes out of this.

我想第26號警察的部分問題是，不會有任何頭條協議產生。

This cop is about determining whether the paris agreement from six years ago, it's fit for purpose.

這個警察是關於確定六年前的巴黎協議，它是否適合於目的。

The 2015 paris climate agreement committed countries to limit global warming to no more than two degrees Celsius above pre industrial levels with an aim for 1.5 degrees, but climate scientists say that 1.5 degrees Celsius needs to be more than just an aim.

2015年巴黎氣候協議承諾各國將全球變暖限制在不超過工業化前水準的2攝氏度，目標是1.5攝氏度，但氣候科學家說，1.5攝氏度需要的不僅僅是一個目標。

They say if global average temperatures rise by more than that, the earth will likely experience more extreme climate change effects such as an increased risk of drought and flooding.

他們說，如果全球平均氣溫上升超過這個數字，地球將可能經歷更極端的氣候變化影響，如干旱和洪水的風險增加。

I don't get a sense that a lot of people are talking about 1.5.

我沒有感覺到很多人在談論1.5。

Well it depends which people you're referring to I suppose I think of its low-income leaders.

嗯，這取決於你指的是哪些人，我想我認為是其低收入的領導人。

We saw the Barbados prime minister for example, me a monthly delivering a very powerful speech, 1.5 is what we need to survive 2°. Yes S.

例如，我們看到巴貝多總理，我每月發表一次非常有力的演講，1.5是我們需要的2°生存。是的，S。

Global warming already stands at 1.1°C and is rising.

全球變暖已經達到1.1攝氏度，而且還在上升。

And despite countries targets for decreasing greenhouse-gas emissions, the world is still on track for a 2.4 degree warming by the end of the century.

儘管各國都有減少溫室氣體排放的目標，但世界仍有望在本世紀末升溫2.4度。

So what came out of the cop 26 negotiations, The Glasgow Climate Pact, which was agreed on by 197 members, is the first ever climate deal to explicitly planned to reduce coal the worst fossil fuel for greenhouse gasses.

是以，在第26次談判中，197個成員達成的《格拉斯哥氣候公約》是有史以來第一個明確計劃減少煤炭這一最嚴重的溫室氣體化石燃料的氣候協議。

It also resolved to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to that all important 1.5 degrees Celsius.

它還決心繼續努力，將溫度上升限制在至關重要的1.5攝氏度。

While each country's climate commitments are not legally binding negotiations around specific words carried on well past the deadline in the end there was disappointment that countries agreed that instead of phasing out coal, they would face down following opposition from china and India, I apologize for the way this process has unfolded and I'm deeply sorry the start of the conference was a lot more upbeat.

雖然每個國家的氣候承諾都不具有法律約束力，但圍繞具體措辭的談判在截止日期後仍在繼續，最後人們對各國同意不逐步淘汰煤炭，而是面對來自中國和印度的反對意見感到失望，我對這一過程的發展方式表示歉意，我對會議的開始更加樂觀深感遺憾。

Following a flurry of wide reaching prearranged pledges that created a buzz to kick off proceedings.

在一連串廣泛的預先安排的認捐之後，創造了一個嗡嗡聲來啟動程序。

Significant ones include pledges by the world's biggest co two emitters the U.

重要的承諾包括世界上最大的二氧化碳排放國美國的承諾。

And china to achieve the 1.5 degrees Celsius temperature goal.

而中國要實現1.5攝氏度的溫度目標。

Also announced a partnership with the EU and like minded parties to cut global methane emissions from 2020 levels by 30% Before the end of the decade.

還宣佈與歐盟和志同道合的各方建立夥伴關係，在十年結束前將全球甲烷排放量從2020年的水準減少30%。

More than 20 countries made new commitments to phase out coal power and India pledged to cut its emissions to net zero by 2070.

20多個國家作出了淘汰煤電的新承諾，印度承諾到2070年將其排放量減少到淨零。

India is an interesting example because it is not historically as responsible as others for the climate crisis.

印度是一個有趣的例子，因為它在歷史上並不像其他國家那樣對氣候危機負責。

So there is less onus on it as such to commit to more stringent goals that you might expect other rich countries to do so it Can and possibly should do more.

是以，在承諾實現更嚴格的目標方面，它的責任較小，而你可能期望其他富國會這樣做，所以它可以而且可能應該做得更多。

But it's a significant development for them to commit to 2017 India argued that other developing countries still have to deal with their development agendas and poverty eradication before phasing out coal and fossil fuels in particular.

但對他們來說，承諾2017年是一個重要的發展，印度認為，其他開發中國家在逐步淘汰煤炭和化石燃料之前，仍然必須處理好他們的發展議程和消除貧困。

It led calls for richer nations to provide financial aid for emerging markets to deal with climate change.

它牽頭呼籲較富裕的國家為新興市場提供財政援助，以應對氣候變化。

I think a key test will be finance this was imperative to rebuilding trust between the countries in the Global North and those in the global South.

我認為一個關鍵的測試將是資金，這對重建全球北方國家和全球南方國家之間的信任是必不可少的。

So In 2009 in Copenhagen it got 15, we had rich countries pledging to deliver $100 billion a year by 2020 and of course we're still not there with rich countries delivering that $100 billion.

是以，2009年在哥本哈根，有15個富國承諾到2020年每年提供1000億美元，當然，我們仍然沒有達到富國提供這1000億美元。

That's a big problem for repairing trust were not expected for that to be delivered until 2023.

這是一個很大的問題，因為修復信託的工作預計要到2023年才會交付。

It was also a largely symbolic figure anyway because the real cost of what it will take to transition to net zero will be trillions.

無論如何，這也是一個很大程度上的象徵性數字，因為過渡到淨零度所需的實際成本將是數萬億。

While a number of richer countries promised more funds for climate finance the U.

雖然一些較富裕的國家承諾為氣候融資提供更多資金，但美國。

And the EU resisted calls from developing countries to create a funded facility for climate disaster victims over fears of incurring billions in damages.

歐盟抵制了開發中國家提出的為氣候災害受害者建立一個資助機制的呼籲，因為擔心會造成數十億的損失。

The pledges made so far also fall short of capping temperature rises below 1.5 degrees Celsius, based on the real world action of current policies, temperatures will rise by 2.7 degrees If nationally determined contribution targets for 2030 are fully implemented then temperatures are estimated to rise by 2.4 degrees.

迄今為止作出的承諾也沒有將溫度上升控制在1.5攝氏度以下，根據目前政策的現實行動，溫度將上升2.7攝氏度。如果2030年國家確定的貢獻目標得到充分實施，那麼溫度估計將上升2.4攝氏度。

If alongside that all long term targets were fulfilled then it would drop to around 2.1 degrees and even in the unlikely event there is a full implementation of every target ever announced.

如果所有的長期目標都實現了，那麼它將下降到2.1度左右，即使在不太可能的情況下，也會全面實施曾經宣佈的每一個目標。

The best case scenario is a temperature rise of 1.8 degrees Celsius, delegates did however, agreed to set tougher climate pledges before the cop 27 meeting in Egypt next year.

最好的情況是溫度上升1.8攝氏度，然而，代表們確實同意在明年埃及舉行的第27次會議之前制定更嚴厲的氣候承諾。

While critics accused the member states of kicking the climate can down the road, others say that countries would not have had to resubmit new climate commitments until 2025 under the paris agreement.

雖然批評者指責成員國將氣候問題一拖再拖，但其他人說，根據巴黎協議，各國在2025年之前不必重新提交新的氣候承諾。

So any agreement to ratchet up action within 12 months would be a big win.

是以，任何在12個月內加大行動力度的協議都將是一個巨大的勝利。

What's been the opinion of business leaders here at cop 26 on what's been agreed?

在這裡，第26條的商業領袖們對已經達成的協議有什麼看法？

I'm sure they've been watching quite closely.

Well on finance day we saw the former Bank of England Governor Mark Carney who's also a U.

那麼在金融日，我們看到前英格蘭銀行行長馬克-卡尼，他也是美國人。

Special envoy on climate announced G fans so many acronyms at cop this is yet another one is the Glasgow financial alliance for net zero just about got it.

氣候問題特使宣佈，G迷們有這麼多首字母縮寫，這是另一個，即格拉斯哥金融聯盟的淨零點，剛剛得到。

Uh So this initiative he says mobilized $130 trillion from financial institutions and asset managers to net zero commitments.

呃，所以他說這個倡議從金融機構和資產管理公司動員了130萬億美元的淨零承諾。

It's around 40% of the world's capital which again seems like a big deal critics of this though, suggested there are too many loopholes for this to be an effective solution to meet the demands of the climate emergency.

這約佔世界資本的40%，這似乎又是一個大問題，但批評者認為，這有太多的漏洞，無法成為滿足氣候緊急情況需求的有效解決方案。

However, climate activists outside the conference center are not convinced that cop 26 or more summits for that matter will bear any real fruits rather than voluntary contributions.

然而，會議中心外的氣候活動家們並不相信，應付26次或更多的峰會將產生任何真正的成果，而不是自願捐款。

They are calling for regulation and enforcement and accused businesses of greenwashing.

他們呼籲進行監管和執法，並指責企業進行綠色洗滌。

This is now a global north green wash festival leading youth climate activist Greta thunberg wasn't invited to cop 26 many critics of the conference argued there haven't been enough young people to put pressure on the decision makers.

這是現在全球北方的一個綠色洗禮節，領先的青年氣候活動家Greta thunberg沒有被邀請來應對26日的會議，許多批評者認為還沒有足夠的年輕人對決策者施加壓力。

I really expected it to be many more young people than particularly when all the protests.

我真的以為會有很多年輕人，特別是當所有的抗議活動。

Climate protests tend to be led by young people.

氣候抗議活動往往由年輕人上司。

I think that's been really noticeable, particularly in the main hub of the event where lots of the world leaders are based.

我認為這一點真的很明顯，特別是在活動的主要中心，很多世界領導人都在那裡。

There were a couple particularly moving speeches that there was one from an environmental advocate from Samoa and it was Brianna through in this is our warrior cry to the world, we are not drowning, we are fighting.

有幾個特別感人的演講，有一個來自薩摩亞的環境倡導者，是布里安娜通過這句話向世界發出的勇士吶喊，我們沒有被淹沒，我們在戰鬥。

We also heard from an indigenous Amazonian activist.

我們還聽取了一位亞馬遜土著活動家的發言。

Her name is Shai Suri, my father, the great chief.

她的名字是薩伊-蘇里，我的父親，偉大的酋長。

Our misery taught me that we must listen to the stars, the wind, the animals and the trees.

我們的苦難教會我，我們必須傾聽星星、風、動物和樹木的聲音。

I spoke to a spokesperson for the 26th coalition which is a civil society group that represents communities from the Global south and they've described this event as one of the most exclusionary that they've known.

我採訪了第26屆聯盟的發言人，該聯盟是一個代表全球南部社區的民間社會團體，他們將這次活動描述為他們所知道的最具有排斥性的活動之一。

They feel that they've been locked out of the talks and even when it comes to accessing these talks remotely there have been problems online as well which I know that the U.

他們覺得他們被鎖定在會談之外，甚至當涉及到遠程訪問這些會談時，網上也有問題，我知道美國。

What would a really successful cop 26 have looked like?

一個真正成功的警察26號會是什麼樣子？

It's really difficult to define what a successful summit would look like.

要定義一個成功的峰會是什麼樣子的，真的很困難。

But the pledges that we've seen particularly at the start of the summit, gave some reason for optimism.

但我們看到的承諾，特別是在峰會開始時的承諾，給了人們一些樂觀的理由。

Some of the experts that I've spoken to have talked about their expectations being surpassed.

與我交談過的一些專家都談到他們的期望被超越了。

You have to think if you're trying to be optimistic about this that there is hope here, but we can't know yet and we need to look at it through that skeptical lens because there have been past commitments which have not lived up to their billing.

你必須認為，如果你想對此持樂觀態度，這裡有希望，但我們還不能知道，我們需要用這種懷疑的眼光來看待它，因為過去有一些承諾並沒有達到他們的要求。

 So it's very hard to think that all the countries that ratified the Paris agreement six years ago can leave Glasgow knowing that they've done all they could to keep 1.5 alive. 

是以，很難想象六年前準許巴黎協議的所有國家可以離開格拉斯哥，因為他們已經盡了最大努力來保持1.5的生命力。