different play styles: zero-sum versus positive-sum.

不同的遊戲風格：零和遊戲與正和遊戲。

Zero-sum players go through life dividing the world into winners and losers, the strong

零和玩家在生活中把世界劃分為贏家和輸家，強者

and the weak.

和弱者。

They see the entirety of life as a competition.

他們把生活的全部看作是一場競爭。

The winners win at the loser's expense.

勝利者以失敗者的代價贏得勝利。

A scammer is an example of a zero-sum player.

金光黨就是一個零和玩家的例子。

You give me money, and in return, I give you nothing.

你給我錢，而作為回報，我什麼也沒給你。

There's one winner and one loser.

有一個贏家和一個輸家。

And by scamming a bunch of people, I can get rich.

而通過詐騙一群人，我可以發財。

On the other hand, positive sum players believe that life is not a competition.

另一方面，正數玩家認為，生活不是一場競爭。

They believe there's a scenario where both parties can win.

他們認為有一種情況是兩黨都能贏。

An honest merchant is an example of a positive-sum player.

一個誠實的商人是一個正和玩家的例子。

I give you a product that you want, and in exchange, you give me the amount of money

我給你一個你想要的產品，而作為交換，你給我多少錢？

I want.

我想。

We both win.

我們都贏了。

So what does Squid Game show us about each play style?

那麼，"烏賊遊戲 "向我們展示了每種遊戲風格的什麼？

Oh Il-Nam, the old man who hosts the game, represents the pinnacle of a zero-sum player.

吳一男，這個主持遊戲的老人，代表了一個零和玩家的巔峰。

He's successfully risen to the top of society, achieving all the money and power anyone could

他成功地登上了社會的頂峰，獲得了任何人都能獲得的所有金錢和權力。

want.

想。

But when he's on his death bed, when he reminisces on the entirety of his long life,

但當他在臨終前，當他回憶起他漫長的一生時。

when he can comb through all of his memories, what memory does he cherish most?

當他可以梳理自己所有的記憶時，他最珍惜的是什麼記憶？

The memory of himself as a kid, playing with all of his friends.

記憶中的自己還是個孩子，和所有的朋友一起玩耍。

He has all the money and power in the world, with the ability to experience anything, and

他擁有世界上所有的金錢和權力，有能力經歷任何事情，而

what does he want to re-experience?

他想重新體驗什麼？

Friendship.

友誼。

He tells Gi-Hun that their friendship brought meaning, fun, and joy back into his life.

他告訴吉勳，他們的友誼給他的生活重新帶來了意義、樂趣和快樂。

And in the final moments of his life, again, when he can experience anything before he

而在他生命的最後時刻，同樣，當他能體驗到任何東西之前，他

goes, what does he want to experience?

去，他想體驗什麼？

The presence of his Gganbu, perhaps his only friend, Gi-Hun.

他的Gganbu，也許是他唯一的朋友，Gi-Hun的存在。

Il-Nam's life shows us the end point of a true zero-sum player: isolation and alienation,

一南的生活向我們展示了一個真正的零和選手的終點：孤立和疏遠。

from others and from one's own humanity.

來自他人和自己的人性。

He even says that playing in the games was the first time he felt something in a while.

他甚至說，參加比賽是他一段時間以來第一次有感覺。

So what does Squid Game show us about the positive-sum play style?

那麼，"烏賊遊戲 "向我們展示了什麼是正和的遊戲風格？

For the most part, in Squid Game, positive-sum players are taken advantage of by zero-sum

在大多數情況下，在烏賊遊戲中，正和的玩家被零和的玩家所利用。

players, such as Abdul Ali getting taken advantage of by Sang-Woo in the marble game.

運動員，如阿卜杜勒-阿里在大理石遊戲中被尚武所利用。

And I think that's because the game you're in depends on how you choose to play and who

我認為這是因為你所處的遊戲取決於你選擇的遊戲方式和誰

you play with.

你玩的。

Let me repeat that, because I think that's Squid Game summarized in one sentence: the

讓我重複這句話，因為我認為這就是烏賊遊戲的一句話概括："烏賊"。

game you're in depends on how you choose to play and who you play with.

你所處的遊戲取決於你選擇如何玩，以及你和誰一起玩。

If you're a zero-sum player and you play with another zero-sum player, then the game's

如果你是一個零和玩家，你和另一個零和玩家一起玩，那麼遊戲的

a competition.

競爭。

If you're a positive sum-player and you play with a zero-sum player, then the game's

如果你是一個正和玩家，而你和一個零和玩家一起玩，那麼這個遊戲的

a scam.

一個騙局。

If you're a positive-sum player and you play with another positive-sum player, then

如果你是一個正和玩家，你和另一個正和玩家一起遊戲，那麼

the game's a fair trade.

這場比賽是一個公平的交易。

But does Squid Game give us any examples of a game between two positive-sum players?

但是魷魚遊戲有沒有給我們提供兩個正和玩家之間的博弈的例子？

Due to its dystopian nature, we rarely see any positive-sum games.

由於其烏托邦性質，我們很少看到任何正和遊戲。

One of the first examples is during the cookie cutting game: Gi-Hun shows other contestants

第一個例子是在切割餅乾的遊戲中。吉勳向其他參賽者展示

that they can lick the Dalgona cookie to easily free it and pass the round.

他們可以舔掉Dalgona餅乾，輕鬆地釋放它並通過這一輪。

So many people copy him and win.

所以很多人模仿他，並贏得了勝利。

But this only works because the players are not pitted against each other.

但這只是因為球員們沒有互相對立。

On the other hand, in the marble game, we have two positive-sum players together: Kang

另一方面，在大理石遊戲中，我們有兩個正和玩家在一起。康

Sae-Byeok, the North Korean defector, and Ji-Yeong, the one who took her own father's

北韓叛逃者Sae-Byeok，以及拿走自己父親遺物的Ji-Yeong。

life.

生活。

Neither of them really wants the other to lose, but they have no choice because their

他們都不希望對方輸，但他們沒有選擇，因為他們的

stuck in a game that pits them against one another.

卡在一個讓他們彼此對立的遊戲中。

The thing is, there's no way to win Squid Game.

問題是，沒有辦法贏得魷魚遊戲。

If you're a zero-sum player, you end up like Il-Nam, the Frontman, or Sang-Woo: isolated

如果你是一個零和玩家，你最終會像一楠、前鋒或Sang-Woo一樣：被孤立。

and alienated from yourself and others.

並與自己和他人疏遠。

But if you're a positive-sum player, you end up like Abdul Ali, Kang Sae-Byeok, or

但如果你是一個正和球員，你最終會像阿卜杜勒-阿里、姜世煜或

Gi-Hun: you get taken advantage of or are forced to play zero-sum games at the expense

Gi-Hun：你被人利用或被迫玩零和遊戲，犧牲了自己的利益。

of your friends.

你的朋友的。

For the most part, Squid Game leaves us wondering what-if.

在大多數情況下，"魷魚遊戲 "讓我們想知道 "如果"。

In the final game between Il-Nam and Gi-Hun, when Il-Nam bets Gi-Hun that a homeless man

在一楠和智勳的最後一場比賽中，當一楠與智勳打賭說一個流浪漢

won't receive the help he needs, what if Gi-Hun went to help the man himself?

如果吉勳不接受他所需要的幫助，他自己去幫助這個人呢？

Why does he choose to play this zero-sum game?

為什麼他選擇玩這種零和遊戲？

What would happen if all players refused to play Squid Game in the first place, for all

如果所有玩家一開始就拒絕玩魷魚遊戲，會發生什麼情況呢？

time?

時間？

I said that Squid Game could be summarized in one sentence: the game you're in depends

我說，烏賊遊戲可以用一句話來概括：你所處的遊戲取決於

on how you choose to play and who you play with.

這取決於你選擇如何遊戲以及與誰一起遊戲。

So going back to the idea of life as a game, what if we all refused to be zero-sum players

是以，回到生活是一場遊戲的想法，如果我們都拒絕成為零和玩家，會怎麼樣？

or play with zero-sum players?

還是和零和球員一起玩？

What kind of game would we be in then?

那我們會是什麼樣的遊戲呢？

That's the question season 1 of Squid Game leaves me with.

這就是《魷魚遊戲》第一季留給我的問題。

As always, this is just my opinion and understanding of Squid Game, and if you have a different

像往常一樣，這只是我對Squid Game的看法和理解，如果你有不同的看法

take on it, I'd love to hear your perspective in the comments.

我很想在評論中聽到你的觀點。

And if you're new to this channel, I try to write about philosophy in a practical way,

如果你是這個頻道的新人，我試圖以一種實用的方式來寫哲學。

so if you want to check out some of my other recent videos, there's a link to my practical

是以，如果你想查看我最近的一些視頻，有一個鏈接到我的實用的

philosophy playlist in the description below.

在下面的描述中，哲學播放列表。