from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

來自BBC學習英語。我是Neil。

And I'm Sam.

而我是山姆。

The Olympic Games happen every four years

奧運會每四年舉行一次

and the most recent games were held in

而最近的一次比賽是在

Tokyo this summer. Did you watch them, Sam?

今年夏天在東京。你看了他們嗎，山姆？

Yes, I saw British swimmer,

是的，我看到了英國游泳運動員。

Adam Peaty, win a gold medal and -

亞當-皮蒂，贏得一枚金牌和-----。

my personal favourite - 13-year-old, Sky Brown,

我個人的最愛--13歲的斯凱-布朗。

competing in an exciting sport which was added

在一項激動人心的運動中競爭，這是新增加的

to the Olympics this year: skateboarding.

今年的奧運會：滑板運動。

Olympic athletes inspire people

奧運會運動員激勵著人們

around the world to take on

在全世界範圍內，對

new challenges, eat healthily and get fit.

新的挑戰，健康的飲食和健身。

So it seems strange that some of the

是以，似乎很奇怪，一些

companies that sponsor – or pay for, the

贊助--或支付--的公司。

Olympic Games also sell food and drink which is

奧運會還出售食品和飲料，這是

linked to obesity, heart disease and diabetes.

與肥胖症、心臟病和糖尿病有關。

Tobacco advertising was banned from

菸草廣告被禁止在

international sport in 2005 because of the

2005年的國際體育賽事，因為

harmful effects of smoking. But other companies

吸菸的有害影響。但其他公司

selling less-than-healthy products

銷售不那麼健康的產品

still sponsor big sporting events.

仍然贊助大型體育賽事。

These could be sugary drink

這些可能是含糖飲料

companies, or others who sell fast food –

公司，或其他出售快餐的人 -

hot food, like hamburgers, that is quick to cook

熱的食物，如漢堡包，很快就能煮熟

and serve but which is often unhealthy.

和服務，但這往往是不健康的。

In this programme we'll be asking whether it's

在這個節目中，我們要問的是，這是否是

right for companies selling unhealthy

對銷售不健康產品的公司來說是正確的

products to sponsor sporting events.

產品來贊助體育賽事。

But first it's time for my quiz question, Sam.

但首先是我的問答問題，山姆。

McDonalds had a long history  with the Olympic Games

麥當勞與奧運會有著悠久的歷史

until the company ended the partnership

直到該公司結束合作關係

ahead of the 2024 games in Paris. But why did

在2024年的巴黎奧運會之前。但為什麼

McDonalds choose to quit? Was it because:

麥當勞選擇退出？是不是因為。

a) they wanted to change the

a) 他們想改變

name of French fries to McFries?

將薯條的名字改為McFries？

b) they didn't want to call

b) 他們不願意打電話

their hamburger, 'Le Big Mac'? or,

他們的漢堡包，'Le Big Mac'? 或。

c) they wanted to be the only

c) 他們想成為唯一的

company selling cheese for cheeseburgers?

賣奶酪漢堡的公司？

Hmm, I think maybe it's a) because

嗯，我想也許是a）因為

they wanted to call French fries, McFries.

他們想把炸薯條叫做McFries。

OK, Sam, we'll find out the

好的，山姆，我們會發現

answer later in the programme.

節目中稍後會有答案。

Someone who is worried about the

擔心的人

relationship between fast food and sport is Dr

快餐和運動之間的關係是博士

Sandro Demaio. He worked for the

桑德羅-德馬伊奧。他曾為

World Health Organisation specialising in obesity

世界衛生組織專門研究肥胖症的組織

before starting his own public

在開始他自己的公共

health agency in Australia.

澳洲的衛生機構。

Here is Dr Demaio speaking with BBC World

以下是德馬伊奧博士接受BBC世界頻道的採訪

Service programme, The Food Chain,

服務項目，食物鏈。

about the problem with unhealthy

關於不健康的問題

brands and food products:

品牌和食品。

By having their brand alongside a young

通過讓他們的品牌與一個年輕的

person's favourite sporting hero, on the chest

紀念品，在胸前寫上一個人最喜歡的體育英雄。

of their national team, it does two things.

他們的國家隊，它做了兩件事。

First of all, it creates brand attachment, so if

首先，它創造了品牌附件，所以如果

you're a young child you built the connection

你是一個年輕的孩子，你建立了聯繫

in your mind that basically fast food

在你的頭腦中，基本上快餐

equals success. At the same time it also gives a

就等於成功。同時，它也給人一種

health halo to that brand. Then you

對該品牌的健康光環。然後你

start to think in your mind, even

開始在頭腦中思考，甚至

subconsciously, that it can't be that bad…

潛意識裡，它不可能那麼糟糕......

You've probably heard of 'brand loyalty',

你可能聽說過 "品牌忠誠度"。

where people have a favourite

在那裡人們有一個最喜歡的

brand they always buy, but Dr Demaio is

他們總是購買的品牌，但德馬伊奧博士是

concerned about brand attachment.

關注品牌依戀。

Brand attachment is the emotional connection

品牌依戀是一種情感聯繫

between humans and brands. It goes

人類和品牌之間的關係。它是這樣的

deeper than loyalty so that people mentally

比忠誠度更深，所以人們在心理上

connect a particular company with feelings

將某一公司與感情聯繫起來

of winning, being healthy and success.

的勝利，健康和成功。

The problem comes when these feelings

問題是，當這些感覺

attach to companies that aren't healthy at all.

附屬於那些根本不健康的公司。

Dr Demaio says this creates a health halo –

德馬伊奧博士說，這創造了一個健康光環------。

the belief that something is good,

相信某些東西是好的。

like an angel's halo, even though

像天使的光環，儘管

there is little evidence to support this.

沒有什麼證據可以支持這一點。

On the other hand, fast food and fizzy drink

另一方面，快餐和汽水飲料

companies invest large amounts of money

公司投入大量資金

in sport, over 4.5 billion dollars since the

在體育方面，超過45億美元，因為。

2016 Rio Olympics, much of it supporting

2016年裡約奧運會，其中大部分是支持

athletes around the world.

世界各地的運動員。

Yes, with travel, training and equipment

是的，包括旅行、培訓和設備

the cost of being an Olympic athlete can be

成為一名奧林匹克運動員的成本可能是

huge. And depending on your country

巨大的。並且取決於你的國家

and your sport, there may  be little financial help.

和你的運動，可能沒有什麼經濟幫助。

Many athletes are desperate for any

許多運動員急切地希望得到任何

sponsorship they can get - but does that make it

他們可以得到的贊助 - 但這是否意味著

right to promote unhealthy eating in return?

有權提倡不健康的飲食作為回報嗎？

Not according to Dr Demaio, who thinks

德馬伊奧博士認為並非如此，他認為

people should worry about the nutritional

人們應該擔心的營養問題

value of fast food, as he explained

快餐的價值，正如他所解釋的

to BBC World Service's, The Food Chain:

英國廣播公司世界服務的《食物鏈》。

When we think about foods and beverages

當我們想到食品和飲料時

of public health concern, we tend to start

在公共衛生問題上，我們往往開始

by talking about highly-processed foods,

通過談論高度加工的食物。

particularly ultra-processed foods. These are

特別是超加工食品。這些是

foods that have been really broken down

真正被分解過的食物

to their basic elements and then built up –

到它們的基本要素，然後建立-

they're more products really than foods –

他們更多的是產品，而不是食品 -

they're made in a laboratory not a kitchen.

它們是在實驗室而不是在廚房製造的。

Dr Demaio mentions unhealthy foods and

德馬伊奧博士提到了不健康的食物和

beverages – another word for drinks.

飲料--飲料的另一個詞。

He's concerned about the public health risk

他對公眾健康風險感到擔憂

of ultra-processed food – foods containing

的超加工食品--含有

extra ingredients like chemicals, colourings

額外的成分，如化學品、色素

and sweeteners that you wouldn't add

和你不會添加的甜味劑

when cooking homemade food.

烹飪自制食品時。

A potato, for example, is natural -

例如，一個洋芋是天然的 -

minimally processed. Bake a potato and it

最低限度的加工。烘烤一個洋芋，它

becomes 'processed'. Make French

變成'加工'。製作法語

fries and it's 'ultra-processed'.

薯條，而且是 "超加工 "的。

And speaking of French fries, Neil, what was

而說到薯條，尼爾，什麼是

the answer to your quiz question?

你的測驗問題的答案是什麼？

Yes, I asked Sam the reason behind

是的，我問山姆背後的原因

the decision McDonald's made not to

麥當勞決定不

sponsor the 2024 Paris Olympics.

贊助2024年巴黎奧運會。

I said it was, a) because they

我說這是，a）因為他們

wanted to call French fries, McFries.

我想把薯條叫做McFries。

Which was… the wrong answer!

那是......錯誤的答案!

In fact, McDonald's

事實上，麥當勞的

wanted to be only company allowed to advertise

希望成為唯一被允許進行廣告宣傳的公司

cheese so it could boost cheeseburger sales.

奶酪，所以它可以促進奶酪漢堡的銷售。

This didn't go down well with

這並不符合

officials in France, a country with

法國的官員，這個國家有

over a thousand different types of cheese!

超過一千種不同的奶酪!

OK, let's recap the vocabulary

好吧，讓我們來回顧一下這些詞彙

from this programme starting with

從這個方案開始

fast food – hot food that is quick to

快餐--快速的熱食

cook but may be unhealthy.

烹飪，但可能是不健康的。

Companies that sponsor sports events,

贊助體育賽事的公司。

pay for them to happen.

為它們的發生付費。

Brand attachment is a psychological

品牌依戀是一種心理上的

connection between someone and a brand.

一個人和一個品牌之間的聯繫。

A health halo is the

一個健康的光環是

perception that something is

覺察到的東西是

healthy for you, even if it's not.

對你來說是健康的，即使它不是。

Ultra-processed foods are foods

超加工食品是指

containing added artificial ingredients

含有添加的人工成分

like colourings and preservatives.

如著色劑和防腐劑。

And a beverage is

而一種飲料是

another word for a drink.

另一個詞是飲料。

That's all from us,

這都是我們的事。

but if you'd like to find out more

但如果你想了解更多情況

about the business, science and

關於商業、科學和

culture of food, why not download

飲食文化，為什麼不下載

The Food Chain podcast! –

食物鏈》播客!-

it's updated weekly and available now.

它每週更新一次，現在可以使用。

Join us again soon for

很快就會再次加入我們，參加

more topical discussion and

更多專題討論和

vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.

詞彙在這裡6分鐘英語。

Bye for now!

暫時再見

Goodbye!

再見!