All the lotions, the oils, the baby wash...

所有的乳液、精油、嬰兒洗液......。

they all say gentle and fragrance-free.

它們都說是溫和的、無香味的。

But why is that?

但這是為什麼呢？

Why is it so important to take such special care of a baby's skin?

為什麼對嬰兒的皮膚進行如此特別的護理是如此重要？

When babies are first born, oh, they look very special,

當嬰兒剛出生時，哦，他們看起來非常特別。

sometimes even gooey.

有時甚至是黏糊糊的。

Just...what is that on their skin?

只是......他們皮膚上的東西是什麼？

So when the baby is born, there's a layer of vernix—or that kind of greasy, yellowish, or whitish covering over the skin.

是以，當嬰兒出生時，皮膚上有一層絨毛--或那種油膩的、淡黃色或白色的覆蓋物。

It's thought that the vernix is a protective barrier for the baby in the uterus.

人們認為絨毛是對子宮內嬰兒的一種保護屏障。

And also it's thought to be protective when the baby is born.

而且還被認為在嬰兒出生時有保護作用。

I didn't have them wipe it off, I was like, we're gonna rub it in.

我沒有讓他們把它擦掉，我想，我們要把它擦進去。

Everything that is supposed to do for your skin I want your skin to have.

所有應該為你的皮膚做的事情，我都希望你的皮膚能夠擁有。

Once the vernix is gone, that baby's skin is super delicate—that's because it's all so fresh!

一旦絨毛消失，嬰兒的皮膚就會變得非常細膩--這是因為它是如此新鮮！"。

The structure, function, and composition of a baby's skin is still very much a work-in-progress!

嬰兒皮膚的結構、功能和組成仍然是一項正在進行的工作!

So there are multiple layers to the skin.

是以，皮膚有多個層次。

The topmost layer is the stratum corneum. And it's actually just made of dead skin cells that shed.

最上面的一層是角質層。它實際上只是由脫落的死皮細胞組成。

And so your top most layers of skin act like the seal that keeps exterior pathogens and irritants out,

是以，你最頂層的皮膚就像密封圈一樣，將外部的病原體和刺激物擋在外面。

and also keeps everything that's healthy inside including water.

而且還能保持裡面的一切健康，包括水。

Babies are actually often born lighter and skin tone than they will eventually become.

實際上，嬰兒出生時的膚色往往比他們最終會成為的膚色更淺。

You can typically see how dark or light your child is going to be when they're first born

你通常可以看到你的孩子在剛出生時將會有多深或多亮的顏色

by looking at the skin right beneath the cuticle, or the tip of their ears.

通過觀察角質層下的皮膚，或耳朵的尖端。

And all of my kids are different shades.

而我所有的孩子都是不同的色調。

So I was able to see this will be my browner baby, or this will be my lighter baby.

所以我能夠看到這將是我的棕色寶寶，或者這將是我的淺色寶寶。

It's just a little...a little secret that we all knew growing up.

這只是一個小......一個我們都知道的成長中的小祕密。

When a baby's born, it has all the cells that it's supposed to have on the skin,

當一個嬰兒出生時，它的皮膚上有所有應該有的細胞。

including the cells that make your skin color, they're called melanocytes and there are billions of them on your skin.

包括使你的皮膚顏色的細胞，它們被稱為黑色素細胞，在你的皮膚上有數十億個。

Initially when a baby's born, even though they have the right number of melanocytes they may not be working very well

最初，當一個嬰兒出生時，即使他們有適當數量的黑色素細胞，他們可能沒有很好地工作。

or making as much melanin, which is the pigment that makes your skin tone, as it will ultimately when it matures.

或製造儘可能多的黑色素，也就是使你的膚色的色素，因為它最終會在成熟時。

Baby skin also doesn't have the same levels of healthy protective bacteria as adults have.

嬰兒皮膚也沒有像成人那樣的健康保護細菌水準。

The first introduction to flora is when the baby is being delivered.

對菌群的第一次介紹是在嬰兒出生時。

The mom's flora within the vaginal canal gets deposited onto the baby's skin.

媽媽在陰道內的菌群會沉積到嬰兒的皮膚上。

But it takes years actually for this flora to mature and develop to have that really wonderful balance

但實際上，這種植物群需要多年的時間來成熟和發展，以獲得真正美妙的平衡。

of normal and healthy microorganisms.

的正常和健康的微生物。

That said, certain organisms like yeast can very quickly find a home on a baby's skin.

也就是說，某些有機體如酵母可以很快在嬰兒的皮膚上找到家。

All of their adorable neck and skin folds give them plenty of places to thrive.

他們所有可愛的脖子和皮膚褶皺給了他們足夠的地方來茁壯成長。

In general, yeasts and other fungi love dark, moist areas.

一般來說，酵母菌和其他真菌喜歡黑暗、潮溼的地方。

And so there often is some sort of component of yeast when you see that redness or scaling in the creases.

是以，當你看到褶皺處的發紅或結痂時，往往有某種酵母的成分。

Sometimes that'll just settle out and improve on its own or there's a component of more like eczema

有時，這將只是解決和改善它自己，或者有更多像溼疹的成分。

or what we call seborrheic dermatitis, which is an inflammatory skin condition that happens in the creases.

或者我們稱之為脂溢性皮炎，這是一種發生在皺褶處的炎症性皮膚病。

And let me tell you the yeaster bunny was hopping all over my babies.

讓我告訴你，酵母兔在我的孩子身上跳來跳去。

My oldest son definitely got a case of eczema on the creases of his legs,

我的大兒子在他的腿部褶皺處肯定有溼疹的情況。

and all of them had rashes on their butts.

而且他們的屁股上都有皮疹。

My kids also had a condition called cradle cap—cute name, not such a cute look.

我的孩子也有一種叫搖籃帽的病，名字很好聽，樣子卻不那麼可愛。

So with cradle cap, you get that kind of yellowish, sometimes greasy scale on the top of the head.

是以，對於搖籃帽，你會在頭頂上出現那種淡黃色，有時是油膩的鱗片。

Sometimes it's a little red or itchy.

有時會有點發紅或發癢。

It often gets better on its own or will improve with just more frequent shampooing.

它通常會自己好起來，或者只需更頻繁地洗頭就會改善。

Sometimes we do use an antifungal shampoo if it's really extensive.

有時我們確實使用抗真菌洗髮水，如果它真的很廣泛。

Birthmarks are also super common in newborns, and they come in all shapes and colors.

胎記在新生兒中也超級常見，它們有各種形狀和顏色。

One of which my baby's had which is….oh doc, take it away.

其中一個是我的孩子的，這是....oh醫生，把它拿走。

Dermal melanocytosis—those are the grayish-blue spots that are most common on the lower back.

皮膚黑素細胞增多症-這些是灰藍色的斑點，在下背部最常見。

They're present at birth.

他們在出生時就存在。

They also fade over time, and they're not associated with anything dangerous either.

它們也會隨著時間的推移而褪色，而且它們也不與任何危險的東西有關。

They do tend to happen more often in those with darker skin tones, including those who identify as Black, Hispanic, and Asian.

它們確實更經常發生在膚色較深的人身上，包括那些被認定為黑人、西班牙裔和亞裔的人。

Also, we can't forget about the sun, especially since there's a big difference in sunscreens.

此外，我們也不能忘記陽光，尤其是在防晒霜方面有很大差異。

If you're less than six months, I typically recommend avoiding chemical sunscreen.

如果你不到6個月，我通常建議避免使用化學防晒霜。

There's a difference between chemical and physical sunscreens in there are basically only two ingredients

化學和物理防晒劑之間有一個區別，基本上只有兩種成分

that make up physical sunscreens and that's zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

構成物理防晒劑的是氧化鋅和二氧化鈦。

And those are inert, meaning they don't get absorbed.

而這些是惰性的，意味著它們不會被吸收。

They sit kind of on your skin and protect your skin from ultraviolet radiation.

他們坐在你的皮膚上，保護你的皮膚免受紫外線輻射。

And that would be safe for a baby.

而這對嬰兒來說是安全的。

But in general, for all patients actually I recommend physical blockers because they work right away.

但一般來說，對於所有的病人，實際上我推薦物理阻斷劑，因為它們馬上就會起作用。

There are lots of other ways to make sure your baby's skin is cared for.

還有很多其他方法可以確保寶寶的皮膚得到護理。

And with all those products it can honestly be hard to keep up sometimes.

面對所有這些產品，說實話，有時很難堅持下去。

I like to keep to gentle and fragrance-free soaps, lotions, and washing liquids.

我喜歡使用溫和、不含香料的肥皂、乳液和洗滌液。

There's actually a research study looking at how often you should bathe the baby.

實際上，有一項研究在研究你應該多長時間給嬰兒洗澡。

And that was more in relation to how dry your skin might get with bathing.

而這更多的是與你的皮膚在洗澡時可能變得乾燥有關。

And this study found that there was no difference in the moisture retention of your skin based on how often you bathe.

而這項研究發現，根據你洗澡的頻率，你的皮膚的保溼度沒有區別。

What was more important was that you moisturize right away.

更重要的是，你要馬上進行保溼。

My babies typically got a bath every day because their poop was foul.

我的寶寶通常每天都要洗澡，因為他們的便便很臭。

I know if I were sitting in poop like they were I would want someone to wash me,

我知道如果我像他們一樣坐在大便裡，我會希望有人給我洗澡。

so I felt as though I was doing them a favor by washing their little butts,

所以我覺得我給他們洗小屁股好像是幫了他們的忙。

at least hosing them off—something!

至少要把它們沖洗乾淨------。

So I generally recommend for patients to bathe no more than once a day.

所以我一般建議病人每天洗澡不超過一次。

And when bathing, no more than 10 minutes at a time.

而洗澡時，每次不超過10分鐘。

And when you use a soap, not one that bubbles or suds–

當你使用肥皂時，不要使用會產生氣泡或保麗龍的肥皂----。

those soaps tend to strip your skin of its natural oils.

這些肥皂往往會剝奪你的皮膚的天然油脂。

Identifying skin conditions isn't always an easy thing to do.

識別皮膚病並不總是一件容易的事情。

And if you do notice something that looks off, reach out to your doctor or dermatologist.

如果你確實注意到有什麼東西看起來不對勁，請聯繫你的醫生或皮膚科醫生。

Thank you for watching Seeker Baby!

謝謝你觀看《尋夢環遊記》!

I'm Angel Laketa Moore and I hope you're learning as much about babies as I am!

我是Angel Laketa Moore，我希望你能像我一樣學到更多關於嬰兒的知識!

Is there a baby topic you'd like us to cover? Leave us a comment and keep coming back to Seeker for more on babies.

你有什麼希望我們報道的嬰兒話題嗎？請給我們留言，並繼續回到Seeker來獲取更多關於嬰兒的資訊。

See you next time!

下一次見!