字幕列表 影片播放
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- Greg: The world is warm. - ( sighs )
- 格雷格:世界是溫暖的。 - ( 嘆氣 )
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Our cooling has officially been shut off.
我們的冷卻系統已經正式被關閉了。
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- I'm so hot. - I'm making an off-grid fridge.
- 我太熱了。- 我正在做一個離網冰箱。
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It's going to be complicated, possibly amazing...
這將是複雜的,可能是驚人的...
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- Moment of truth. - ...or a huge fail.
- 真理的時刻。- ...或巨大的失敗。
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Snug as a button.
舒適得像個鈕釦。
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Mitchell: And I'm gonna cool our bunky with paint.
米切爾。 我要用油漆來冷卻我們的床鋪。
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But this isn't your grandparents' white paint. It's high tech stuff.
但這不是你祖父母的白漆。 這是高科技的東西。
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Okay, we've got 53 degrees Celsius.
好的,我們有53攝氏度。
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Where's Greg? He's better at the manual labor.
格雷格在哪裡?他更擅長體力勞動。
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- Oh! - That's actually cool air.
- 哦!--那實際上是涼爽的空氣。
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Greg: Can we really cool our planet
格雷格:我們真的可以冷卻我們的星球嗎?
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with cheap and easy technologies?
用廉價和簡單的技術?
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- ( groans ) - ( stammers )
- ( 呻吟聲 ) - ( 口吃聲 )
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No!
不!
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Mitchell and Greg: This is "Shut It Off ASAP."
米切爾和格雷格:這是 "儘快關閉它"。
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Mitchell: The world is warming, and that excess heat
米切爾。 世界正在變暖,而這些多餘的熱量
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is causing frequent wildfires, droughts, crop failures,
正在造成頻繁的野火、乾旱和作物歉收。
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optimized conditions for disease vectors,
對疾病媒介的優化條件。
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thermal-induced pollution-- the list goes on.
熱引起的汙染--這個名單還在繼續。
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Unfortunately, we don't have a choice.
不幸的是,我們沒有選擇。
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We need to keep ourselves cool. And that is a problem.
我們需要讓自己保持冷靜。 而這是一個問題。
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The cooling industry is responsible
製冷行業負責
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for around 10% of carbon emissions,
約佔碳排放的10%。
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which is around three times as much as shipping
這大約是運費的三倍
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and aviation combined.
和航空相結合。
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So we have two universal, potentially sustainable
是以,我們有兩個普遍的、可能是可持續的
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off-grid cooling experiments we want to try.
我們想嘗試的離網冷卻實驗。
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So there's been a trend in roofs in particular
是以,特別是在屋頂方面出現了一種趨勢
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to think about the color they actually are,
思考他們實際上是什麼顏色。
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and to figure out how much light and heat they are actually absorbing.
並計算出它們實際吸收了多少光和熱。
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So I decided I'm going to find the whitest paint I can
是以,我決定要找到最白的油漆。
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and paint the entire roof white
並將整個屋頂塗成白色
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to see if we can get a big temperature drop inside
看看我們是否能讓室內溫度大幅下降
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and ultimately cool ourselves down.
並最終為自己降溫。
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White paint has been used to cool buildings
白色塗料已被用於冷卻建築物
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for thousands of years across the Mediterranean,
幾千年來,在整個地中海地區。
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the Middle East, and parts of Africa.
中東和非洲部分地區。
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People have utilized white materials
人們利用了白色材料
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to reflect the heat of the sun away from their homes.
將太陽的熱量從他們的家裡反射出去。
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These white structures, although picturesque
這些白色的結構,雖然風景如畫
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and quaint in the modern era, serve a practical purpose.
而在現代社會中,古色古香的東西也有其實際用途。
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I actually spoke with the creator of the whitest paint ever,
我實際上與有史以來最白的油漆的創造者談過。
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which is able to reflect 98% of light,
它能夠反射98%的光線。
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including UV light, that we can't even see.
包括紫外線,我們甚至無法看到。
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Professor, thank you so much
教授,非常感謝您
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for taking the time to chat today
感謝你今天抽出時間與我交談
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- about white paint in particular. - It's my pleasure.
- 特別是關於白色油漆。- 這是我的榮幸。
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We used a few different sort of innovations
我們使用了一些不同的創新方法
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that we came up with in seven years.
我們在七年內想出了這個辦法。
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It's a long journey.
這是一個漫長的旅程。
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Sunlight has many different wavelengths.
太陽光有許多不同的波長。
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We eventually found that using different particle sizes will help you.
我們最終發現,使用不同的顆粒大小將有助於你。
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Each particle size can scatter one wavelength.
每種顆粒大小都能散射一個波長。
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If you use them all together,
如果你把它們都用在一起。
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they reflect all the wavelengths well.
它們能很好地反射所有的波長。
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So, do you think that there is
那麼,你認為是否有
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a long-term practical application
一個長期的實際應用
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with cooling cities and potentially helping
與冷卻城市和潛在的幫助
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against climate change and global warming?
反對氣候變化和全球變暖?
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We did an interesting analysis that you just need 1%
我們做了一個有趣的分析,你只需要1%的
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of the Earth's surface covered with white paint.
覆蓋著白色油漆的地球表面。
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Then that is enough to cool the Earth down back by 1 degree,
那麼這就足以使地球降溫1度。
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and restore our climate hopefully.
並有希望恢復我們的氣候。
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That's wild. That's amazing.
這很狂野。這是驚人的。
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Our ice caps naturally reflect incoming solar radiation,
我們的冰蓋自然地反映了進入的太陽輻射。
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which moderates our climate.
這使我們的氣候變得溫和。
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But as the Earth warms and they melt,
但隨著地球變暖,它們會融化。
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the effect is hugely reduced, which warms the Earth further.
的效果大大降低,從而使地球進一步變暖。
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Painting the top of buildings, roadways, and even cars
在建築物、道路、甚至汽車的頂部作畫
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can make up for this and help fight climate change.
可以彌補這一點並幫助應對氣候變化。
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I'm gonna be focusing on cooling our food.
我將專注於冷卻我們的食物。
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I'm gonna be making an off-grid fridge.
我準備做一個離網冰箱。
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I'll be putting it underground, under the soil,
我將把它放在地下,放在土壤下面。
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for some geothermal cooling aspects.
對於一些地熱冷卻方面。
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We're also going to be having some evaporative cooling aspects,
我們還將有一些蒸發冷卻的方面。
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which will be part of this fridge
這將是這個冰箱的一部分
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which is gonna be using Peltier modules,
這將會使用珀爾帖模塊。
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which require electricity and fans,
這需要電力和風扇。
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which will be powered by solar panels
這將由太陽能電池板提供動力
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in order to create this underground fridge.
以創建這個地下冰箱。
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- I have so many questions. - They'll be answered in the video. Keep going.
- 我有這麼多問題。- 它們會在視頻中得到解答。繼續前進。
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- Okay. - Greg: Oh, there we go.
- 好的。 格雷格:哦,我們走吧。
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The complexity of my build means I need help
我的建築的複雜性意味著我需要幫助
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from Paul, our master builder.
來自保羅,我們的建築大師。
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I not only need his power tool skills,
我不僅需要他的電動工具技能。
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but I also need his muscles.
但我也需要他的肌肉。
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My fridge has three parts.
我的冰箱有三個部分。
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There are the Peltier modules.
有佩爾蒂埃模塊。
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They need electricity, so we are powering them
他們需要電力,所以我們為他們提供電力。
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using solar panels.
使用太陽能電池板。
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The Peltier models help to take heat away
珀爾帖模型有助於帶走熱量
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from inside the cooler and disperse it.
從冷卻器裡面出來,並將其分散開來。
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Our evaporative cooling device
我們的蒸發冷卻裝置
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cools the outside of the Peltier modules
冷卻珀爾帖模塊的外部
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to maximize their efficiency.
以使其效率最大化。
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And, lastly, for some geothermal cooling,
最後,是為了一些地熱製冷。
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we're burying the cooling box and evaporative cooling device
我們正在埋設冷卻箱和蒸發冷卻裝置
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in the ground to keep it colder
埋在地下以保持寒冷
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and its temperature stable.
並且其溫度穩定。
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More about that later.
稍後會有更多關於這個問題的介紹。
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Oh, God, I'm so deep in the hole.
哦,上帝啊,我已經陷得很深了。
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Psych! Okay.
心理!好的。
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So, if you're wondering why I'm digging this hole,
所以,如果你想知道我為什麼要挖這個洞。
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it's 'cause I'm trying to teach you all
這是因為我想教給你們所有人
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how to bury a body. I kid.
如何埋葬一具屍體。我的孩子。
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So we're digging this hole to put the cooler in,
所以我們在挖這個洞,把冷卻器放進去。
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and it's actually gonna help it keep cold,
而且它實際上會幫助它保持低溫。
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because the Earth has so much more mass,
因為地球的品質大得多。
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and so essentially it's a lot harder for the Earth to lose heat.
是以,從本質上講,地球失去熱量要難得多。
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So we're just trying to take advantage
所以我們只是想利用
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of those geological properties
這些地質特性的
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in order to keep our cooler cool.
以使我們的冷卻器保持涼爽。
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Mitchell: With the temperature above 35 degrees Celsius,
米切爾。 在溫度高於35攝氏度的情況下。
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sleeping in the bunky has become unbearable.
睡在下鋪的人已經無法忍受了。
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It's way too hot, so I'm hoping that using a bit of science
它太熱了,所以我希望利用一點科學的方法
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will help me cool the place down.
將幫助我把這個地方降溫。
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It's time to paint. I've got my security harness.
是時候畫畫了。我已經拿到了我的安全繩。
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We've got our scaffolding, and I've got, you know, my coverage and booties
我們有我們的腳手架,而我有,你知道,我的覆蓋和靴子
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to make sure I don't get any paint all over me.
以確保我不會把任何油漆弄到身上。
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The temperature right now-- I'm gonna check it--
現在的溫度 -- 我去看看 --
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is at 53 degrees Celsius, so more than halfway to boiling.
是在53攝氏度,所以超過了沸騰的一半。
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Okay, let's explore what makes white paint so special.
好吧,讓我們來探討一下,是什麼讓白色油漆如此特別。
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So, why is it that different colors
那麼,為什麼不同的顏色
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are better at reflecting light?
在反射光線方面更好?
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Whenever you look around you and see something colorful,
每當你環顧四周,看到色彩斑斕的東西。
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you're actually seeing the spectrum of visible light
你實際上看到的是可見光的光譜
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that the object is not absorbing.
該物體沒有吸收。
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Plants, for example, appear green
例如,植物出現綠色
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because they mostly absorb the blue and red spectrum
因為它們主要吸收藍色和紅色光譜
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and not green light, which is then bounced
而不是綠光,然後被反彈到
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off the plant and hits your eye.
從植物上掉下來,砸到你的眼睛。
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When something appears white, that actually means
當某些東西出現白色時,這實際上意味著
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that every color is bouncing back to your eye,
每種顏色都會反彈到你的眼睛。
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because, like a prism that splits white light into a rainbow,
因為,就像一個稜鏡把白光分割成彩虹一樣。
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white is actually all of the colors combined.
白色實際上是所有顏色的組合。
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And it's the material or chemical makeup on an object
而它是物體上的材料或化學構成
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that defines how light will interact with it.
界定了光與它的互動方式。
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For example, our paint contains titanium dioxide in it,
例如,我們的塗料中含有二氧化鈦。
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which reflects around 80 to 90% of light,
它能反射大約80-90%的光線。
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ultimately making it appear white.
最終使其呈現白色。
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All right, first part is always the scariest.
好吧,第一部分總是最可怕的。
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Ooh-la-la!
哦-拉-拉!
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Okay, that's very white. That's awesome.
好吧,那是非常白的。這真是太棒了。
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This is easy.
這很容易。
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Now I just have to be careful I don't step backwards and die.
現在我只需要小心,不要讓我退步,不要讓我死。
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Greg: The next step in my build
格雷格:我的建設的下一個步驟
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is the insulated box for the fridge,
是冰箱的保溫箱。
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and it's something I'm not looking forward to.
而這是我不期待的事情。
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First, we have to glue this foam insulation,
首先,我們要把這個保麗龍保溫材料粘起來。
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before we build the exterior of our cooler,
在我們建造冷卻器的外部之前。
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but it is a separate AsapScience episode
但它是一個單獨的AsapScience情節
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about the physiology of why touching foam insulation
關於為什麼觸摸保麗龍保溫材料的生理學問題
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literally gives me the heebie-jeebies
簡直讓我心驚肉跳
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and scream and salivate and freak out, so...
和尖叫,流口水和嚇壞了,所以...
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I think you should just do it. Or I'll do it!
我想你應該直接去做。或者由我來做!
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I'm strong. Okay.
我很堅強。好的。
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Aah! I hate it. I don't know, please.
啊!我討厭它。我不知道,求你了。
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Oh-kay. I know I seem insane, but I'm not kidding.
哦,好的。我知道我看起來瘋了,但我不是在開玩笑。
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Oh, God, oh, God.
哦,上帝,哦,上帝。
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Ho! ( imitating squirting sound )
吼!((模仿噴水的聲音)。)
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So skilled, so skilled.
如此熟練,如此熟練。
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You could do this at home with a normal cooler
你可以在家裡用一個普通的冷卻器來做這件事
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that you just bought from a store,
你剛從商店買來的。
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but we've got Paul here.
但我們這裡有保羅。
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Go deeper. Press, press, press.
再深入一點。按、按、按。
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( imitates drill whirring ) Okay, good, good.
((模仿鑽頭的呼呼聲)好,好,好。
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- Oh, God. - Oh.
- 哦,上帝。- 哦。
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- No. - Oh, my God.
- 不 哦,我的上帝。
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I was like, "Oh, and I'm getting sued."
我當時想,"哦,我還被起訴了。"
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Where's Greg? He's better at the manual labor.
格雷格在哪裡?他更擅長體力勞動。
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Mitch is literally watching paint dry, which is very practical,
米奇簡直就是在看油漆幹,這非常實用。
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but not nearly as complex as me trying to make an off-grid fridge.
但還沒有像我試圖製作一個離網冰箱那樣複雜。
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But it shows you how cool it is
但它告訴你它有多酷
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to just paint roofs white.
只是把屋頂塗成白色。
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Like, we can all do that.
比如,我們都能做到這一點。
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Whoo.
嗚呼。
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It's hot.
它很熱。
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Greg: We are currently in an awful heat wave,
格雷格:我們目前正處在一個可怕的熱浪中。
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so we want to figure out how to cool
所以我們要想出如何冷卻
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our bodies down right now.
我們的身體現在正在下降。
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If your core body temperature goes above 38.3 degrees Celsius,
如果你的核心體溫超過38.3攝氏度。
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you not only risk heat stroke,
你不僅有中暑的風險。
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but literally denaturing the proteins in your cells.
但實際上是使你細胞中的蛋白質變性。
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So the military has developed a couple techniques
是以,軍方已經開發了幾種技術
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to cool yourself down efficiently.
以有效地給自己降溫。
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One in particular is called the Arm Emersion Cooling System.
其中一個特別的項目被稱為 "臂部急救冷卻系統"。
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Because your hands and feet have more surface area on them,
因為你的手和腳上有更多的表面積。
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you want to focus on those.
你要專注於這些。
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If you can put your hands, up to your elbows,
如果你能把你的手,直到你的肘部。
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in cold water, in particular, though,
特別是在冷水中,不過。
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10 degrees Celsius is the optimum,
10攝氏度是最佳狀態。
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you can cool your core temperature down
你可以將你的核心溫度降下來
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by one degree Celsius.
攝氏1度。
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- Does it feel good? - It's beautiful.
- 它感覺好嗎?- 很漂亮。
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It's refreshing, it's great.
這很新鮮,很好。
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Okay, you may have heard that having a hot soup
好吧,你可能已經聽說過,有一個熱湯
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on a hot day can cool you down, and this is true,
在炎熱的日子裡可以讓你降溫,這是真的。
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but only under specific circumstances.
但僅在特定情況下。
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This all has to do with sweating.
這都與出汗有關。
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You see, the evaporation of water off of your body cools you down,
你看,水從你的身體上蒸發,使你降溫。
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so eating something hot actually causes you to sweat.
所以吃熱的東西實際上會使你出汗。
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But it's important that it's a dry day and it's not too humid,
但重要的是,這是一個乾燥的日子,不會太潮溼。
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and it's important that you also have some skin exposed,
而且重要的是,你也有一些皮膚暴露在外。
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and preferably, maybe, you're in the shade.
而且最好是,也許,你是在陰涼處。
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Also, there's receptors in your mouth,
另外,你的嘴裡有受體。
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the TRPV1 receptor,
TRPV1受體。
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which tells your brain, "Oh, my goodness, it's hot. Time to sweat."
它告訴你的大腦,"哦,我的天哪,它很熱。是時候出汗了。"
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And you can trigger those even with hot sauce.
而且你甚至可以用辣醬來觸發這些。
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So if you add that to your soup, even just to a cold soup,
是以,如果你在湯中加入這個,甚至只是加入冷湯。
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you can trigger those receptors, cause your body to sweat,
你可以觸發這些受體,使你的身體出汗。
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and cool you down on a hot day.
並在熱天為你降溫。
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Mm, warm soup. Refreshing.
嗯,熱湯。令人神清氣爽。
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Why does sweating have a cooling effect?
為什麼出汗會有冷卻效果?
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The answer is evaporative cooling--
答案是蒸發式冷卻 --
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turning a liquid such as sweat
變成液體,如汗水
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from its liquid state into a gas requires energy.
從液態變成氣體需要能量。
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This energy is taken from our body, or sweat, in the form of heat.
這種能量來自我們的身體,或者說是汗水,以熱的形式。
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The resulting heat transfer leads to the desired cooling effect of sweating.
由此產生的熱傳遞導致了所需的出汗冷卻效果。
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For sweating to ideally cool you down,
對於出汗來說,最理想的是讓你降溫。
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you need skin exposed to the air that isn't too humid,
你需要暴露在不太潮溼的空氣中的皮膚。
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you need to be hydrated,
你需要補充水分。
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and a shady, windy spot is ideal.
和一個陰暗、有風的地方是理想的。
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Wind increases the effect of evaporative cooling,
風會增加蒸發冷卻的效果。
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which you may have experienced
你可能經歷過的
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after leaving a swimming pool on a windy day.
在大風天離開游泳池後。
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You'll feel extra cool when wet in the wind.
在風中潮溼時,你會感到特別涼爽。
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This is because the wind increases the evaporation rate
這是因為風會增加蒸發率
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of the liquid water from you skin's surface
的液態水從你的皮膚表面流出
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and accelerates the amount that's being
並加速了正在進行的
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converted to vapor, thus cooling your body.
轉化為水汽,從而冷卻你的身體。
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( thunder )
( 雷聲 )
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'Tis absolutely raining. Cats and dogs, as they say.
絕對在下雨。就像他們說的,貓和狗。
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I'm very happy that we moved away from the bunky to do this electrical circuitry.
我非常高興,我們搬離了沙坑,做這個電路。
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So what we're about to do right now is create
所以我們現在要做的是創建
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a thermoelectric cooling effect.
熱電冷卻效應。
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We're essentially building a fridge,
我們基本上是在建造一個冰箱。
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but using a really interesting scientific principle.
但使用了一個非常有趣的科學原理。
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First step is getting these components onto the box.
第一步是將這些組件裝到盒子上。
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This is my favorite part, as someone who considers themselves fashionable.
這是我最喜歡的部分,作為一個認為自己很時尚的人。
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It's the glasses. Okay.
是眼鏡的問題。好的。
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I'm cutting holes for these things called Peltier modules,
我正在為這些叫做珀爾帖模塊的東西開孔。
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which are made of semiconductors.
這些都是由半導體制成的。
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Snug as a button. Is that even a saying?
像鈕釦一樣緊貼。這甚至是一個說法嗎?
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The heat sink is gonna be on this side of the Peltier module,
散熱器會在珀爾帖模塊的這一側。
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and the cooler side's gonna be over here.
涼爽的一面會在這裡。