Our cooling has officially been shut off.

我們的冷卻系統已經正式被關閉了。

- I'm so hot. - I'm making an off-grid fridge.

- 我太熱了。- 我正在做一個離網冰箱。

It's going to be complicated, possibly amazing...

這將是複雜的，可能是驚人的...

- Moment of truth. - ...or a huge fail.

- 真理的時刻。- ...或巨大的失敗。

Snug as a button.

舒適得像個鈕釦。

Mitchell: And I'm gonna cool our bunky with paint.

米切爾。 我要用油漆來冷卻我們的床鋪。

But this isn't your grandparents' white paint. It's high tech stuff.

但這不是你祖父母的白漆。 這是高科技的東西。

Okay, we've got 53 degrees Celsius.

好的，我們有53攝氏度。

Where's Greg? He's better at the manual labor.

格雷格在哪裡？他更擅長體力勞動。

- Oh! - That's actually cool air.

- 哦！--那實際上是涼爽的空氣。

Greg: Can we really cool our planet

格雷格：我們真的可以冷卻我們的星球嗎？

with cheap and easy technologies?

用廉價和簡單的技術？

- ( groans ) - ( stammers )

- ( 呻吟聲 ) - ( 口吃聲 )

No!

不!

Mitchell and Greg: This is "Shut It Off ASAP."

米切爾和格雷格：這是 "儘快關閉它"。

Mitchell: The world is warming, and that excess heat

米切爾。 世界正在變暖，而這些多餘的熱量

is causing frequent wildfires, droughts, crop failures,

正在造成頻繁的野火、乾旱和作物歉收。

optimized conditions for disease vectors,

對疾病媒介的優化條件。

thermal-induced pollution-- the list goes on.

熱引起的汙染--這個名單還在繼續。

Unfortunately, we don't have a choice.

不幸的是，我們沒有選擇。

We need to keep ourselves cool. And that is a problem.

我們需要讓自己保持冷靜。 而這是一個問題。

The cooling industry is responsible

製冷行業負責

for around 10% of carbon emissions,

約佔碳排放的10%。

which is around three times as much as shipping

這大約是運費的三倍

and aviation combined.

和航空相結合。

So we have two universal, potentially sustainable

是以，我們有兩個普遍的、可能是可持續的

off-grid cooling experiments we want to try.

我們想嘗試的離網冷卻實驗。

So there's been a trend in roofs in particular

是以，特別是在屋頂方面出現了一種趨勢

to think about the color they actually are,

思考他們實際上是什麼顏色。

and to figure out how much light and heat they are actually absorbing.

並計算出它們實際吸收了多少光和熱。

So I decided I'm going to find the whitest paint I can

是以，我決定要找到最白的油漆。

and paint the entire roof white

並將整個屋頂塗成白色

to see if we can get a big temperature drop inside

看看我們是否能讓室內溫度大幅下降

and ultimately cool ourselves down.

並最終為自己降溫。

White paint has been used to cool buildings

白色塗料已被用於冷卻建築物

for thousands of years across the Mediterranean,

幾千年來，在整個地中海地區。

the Middle East, and parts of Africa.

中東和非洲部分地區。

People have utilized white materials

人們利用了白色材料

to reflect the heat of the sun away from their homes.

將太陽的熱量從他們的家裡反射出去。

These white structures, although picturesque

這些白色的結構，雖然風景如畫

and quaint in the modern era, serve a practical purpose.

而在現代社會中，古色古香的東西也有其實際用途。

I actually spoke with the creator of the whitest paint ever,

我實際上與有史以來最白的油漆的創造者談過。

which is able to reflect 98% of light,

它能夠反射98%的光線。

including UV light, that we can't even see.

包括紫外線，我們甚至無法看到。

Professor, thank you so much

教授，非常感謝您

for taking the time to chat today

感謝你今天抽出時間與我交談

- about white paint in particular. - It's my pleasure.

- 特別是關於白色油漆。- 這是我的榮幸。

We used a few different sort of innovations

我們使用了一些不同的創新方法

that we came up with in seven years.

我們在七年內想出了這個辦法。

It's a long journey.

這是一個漫長的旅程。

Sunlight has many different wavelengths.

太陽光有許多不同的波長。

We eventually found that using different particle sizes will help you.

我們最終發現，使用不同的顆粒大小將有助於你。

Each particle size can scatter one wavelength.

每種顆粒大小都能散射一個波長。

If you use them all together,

如果你把它們都用在一起。

they reflect all the wavelengths well.

它們能很好地反射所有的波長。

So, do you think that there is

那麼，你認為是否有

a long-term practical application

一個長期的實際應用

with cooling cities and potentially helping

與冷卻城市和潛在的幫助

against climate change and global warming?

反對氣候變化和全球變暖？

We did an interesting analysis that you just need 1%

我們做了一個有趣的分析，你只需要1%的

of the Earth's surface covered with white paint.

覆蓋著白色油漆的地球表面。

Then that is enough to cool the Earth down back by 1 degree,

那麼這就足以使地球降溫1度。

and restore our climate hopefully.

並有希望恢復我們的氣候。

That's wild. That's amazing.

這很狂野。這是驚人的。

Our ice caps naturally reflect incoming solar radiation,

我們的冰蓋自然地反映了進入的太陽輻射。

which moderates our climate.

這使我們的氣候變得溫和。

But as the Earth warms and they melt,

但隨著地球變暖，它們會融化。

the effect is hugely reduced, which warms the Earth further.

的效果大大降低，從而使地球進一步變暖。

Painting the top of buildings, roadways, and even cars

在建築物、道路、甚至汽車的頂部作畫

can make up for this and help fight climate change.

可以彌補這一點並幫助應對氣候變化。

I'm gonna be focusing on cooling our food.

我將專注於冷卻我們的食物。

I'm gonna be making an off-grid fridge.

我準備做一個離網冰箱。

I'll be putting it underground, under the soil,

我將把它放在地下，放在土壤下面。

for some geothermal cooling aspects.

對於一些地熱冷卻方面。

We're also going to be having some evaporative cooling aspects,

我們還將有一些蒸發冷卻的方面。

which will be part of this fridge

這將是這個冰箱的一部分

which is gonna be using Peltier modules,

這將會使用珀爾帖模塊。

which require electricity and fans,

這需要電力和風扇。

which will be powered by solar panels

這將由太陽能電池板提供動力

in order to create this underground fridge.

以創建這個地下冰箱。

- I have so many questions. - They'll be answered in the video. Keep going.

- 我有這麼多問題。- 它們會在視頻中得到解答。繼續前進。

- Okay. - Greg: Oh, there we go.

- 好的。 格雷格：哦，我們走吧。

The complexity of my build means I need help

我的建築的複雜性意味著我需要幫助

from Paul, our master builder.

來自保羅，我們的建築大師。

I not only need his power tool skills,

我不僅需要他的電動工具技能。

but I also need his muscles.

但我也需要他的肌肉。

My fridge has three parts.

我的冰箱有三個部分。

There are the Peltier modules.

有佩爾蒂埃模塊。

They need electricity, so we are powering them

他們需要電力，所以我們為他們提供電力。

using solar panels.

使用太陽能電池板。

The Peltier models help to take heat away

珀爾帖模型有助於帶走熱量

from inside the cooler and disperse it.

從冷卻器裡面出來，並將其分散開來。

Our evaporative cooling device

我們的蒸發冷卻裝置

cools the outside of the Peltier modules

冷卻珀爾帖模塊的外部

to maximize their efficiency.

以使其效率最大化。

And, lastly, for some geothermal cooling,

最後，是為了一些地熱製冷。

we're burying the cooling box and evaporative cooling device

我們正在埋設冷卻箱和蒸發冷卻裝置

in the ground to keep it colder

埋在地下以保持寒冷

and its temperature stable.

並且其溫度穩定。

More about that later.

稍後會有更多關於這個問題的介紹。

Oh, God, I'm so deep in the hole.

哦，上帝啊，我已經陷得很深了。

Psych! Okay.

心理!好的。

So, if you're wondering why I'm digging this hole,

所以，如果你想知道我為什麼要挖這個洞。

it's 'cause I'm trying to teach you all

這是因為我想教給你們所有人

how to bury a body. I kid.

如何埋葬一具屍體。我的孩子。

So we're digging this hole to put the cooler in,

所以我們在挖這個洞，把冷卻器放進去。

and it's actually gonna help it keep cold,

而且它實際上會幫助它保持低溫。

because the Earth has so much more mass,

因為地球的品質大得多。

and so essentially it's a lot harder for the Earth to lose heat.

是以，從本質上講，地球失去熱量要難得多。

So we're just trying to take advantage

所以我們只是想利用

of those geological properties

這些地質特性的

in order to keep our cooler cool.

以使我們的冷卻器保持涼爽。

Mitchell: With the temperature above 35 degrees Celsius,

米切爾。 在溫度高於35攝氏度的情況下。

sleeping in the bunky has become unbearable.

睡在下鋪的人已經無法忍受了。

It's way too hot, so I'm hoping that using a bit of science

它太熱了，所以我希望利用一點科學的方法

will help me cool the place down.

將幫助我把這個地方降溫。

It's time to paint. I've got my security harness.

是時候畫畫了。我已經拿到了我的安全繩。

We've got our scaffolding, and I've got, you know, my coverage and booties

我們有我們的腳手架，而我有，你知道，我的覆蓋和靴子

to make sure I don't get any paint all over me.

以確保我不會把任何油漆弄到身上。

The temperature right now-- I'm gonna check it--

現在的溫度 -- 我去看看 --

is at 53 degrees Celsius, so more than halfway to boiling.

是在53攝氏度，所以超過了沸騰的一半。

Okay, let's explore what makes white paint so special.

好吧，讓我們來探討一下，是什麼讓白色油漆如此特別。

So, why is it that different colors

那麼，為什麼不同的顏色

are better at reflecting light?

在反射光線方面更好？

Whenever you look around you and see something colorful,

每當你環顧四周，看到色彩斑斕的東西。

you're actually seeing the spectrum of visible light

你實際上看到的是可見光的光譜

that the object is not absorbing.

該物體沒有吸收。

Plants, for example, appear green

例如，植物出現綠色

because they mostly absorb the blue and red spectrum

因為它們主要吸收藍色和紅色光譜

and not green light, which is then bounced

而不是綠光，然後被反彈到

off the plant and hits your eye.

從植物上掉下來，砸到你的眼睛。

When something appears white, that actually means

當某些東西出現白色時，這實際上意味著

that every color is bouncing back to your eye,

每種顏色都會反彈到你的眼睛。

because, like a prism that splits white light into a rainbow,

因為，就像一個稜鏡把白光分割成彩虹一樣。

white is actually all of the colors combined.

白色實際上是所有顏色的組合。

And it's the material or chemical makeup on an object

而它是物體上的材料或化學構成

that defines how light will interact with it.

界定了光與它的互動方式。

For example, our paint contains titanium dioxide in it,

例如，我們的塗料中含有二氧化鈦。

which reflects around 80 to 90% of light,

它能反射大約80-90%的光線。

ultimately making it appear white.

最終使其呈現白色。

All right, first part is always the scariest.

好吧，第一部分總是最可怕的。

Ooh-la-la!

哦-拉-拉!

Okay, that's very white. That's awesome.

好吧，那是非常白的。這真是太棒了。

This is easy.

這很容易。

Now I just have to be careful I don't step backwards and die.

現在我只需要小心，不要讓我退步，不要讓我死。

Greg: The next step in my build

格雷格：我的建設的下一個步驟

is the insulated box for the fridge,

是冰箱的保溫箱。

and it's something I'm not looking forward to.

而這是我不期待的事情。

First, we have to glue this foam insulation,

首先，我們要把這個保麗龍保溫材料粘起來。

before we build the exterior of our cooler,

在我們建造冷卻器的外部之前。

but it is a separate AsapScience episode

但它是一個單獨的AsapScience情節

about the physiology of why touching foam insulation

關於為什麼觸摸保麗龍保溫材料的生理學問題

literally gives me the heebie-jeebies

簡直讓我心驚肉跳

and scream and salivate and freak out, so...

和尖叫，流口水和嚇壞了，所以...

I think you should just do it. Or I'll do it!

我想你應該直接去做。或者由我來做!

I'm strong. Okay.

我很堅強。好的。

Aah! I hate it. I don't know, please.

啊！我討厭它。我不知道，求你了。

Oh-kay. I know I seem insane, but I'm not kidding.

哦，好的。我知道我看起來瘋了，但我不是在開玩笑。

Oh, God, oh, God.

哦，上帝，哦，上帝。

Ho! ( imitating squirting sound )

吼！(（模仿噴水的聲音）。)

So skilled, so skilled.

如此熟練，如此熟練。

You could do this at home with a normal cooler

你可以在家裡用一個普通的冷卻器來做這件事

that you just bought from a store,

你剛從商店買來的。

but we've got Paul here.

但我們這裡有保羅。

Go deeper. Press, press, press.

再深入一點。按、按、按。

( imitates drill whirring ) Okay, good, good.

(（模仿鑽頭的呼呼聲）好，好，好。

- Oh, God. - Oh.

- 哦，上帝。- 哦。

- No. - Oh, my God.

- 不 哦，我的上帝。

I was like, "Oh, and I'm getting sued."

我當時想，"哦，我還被起訴了。"

Where's Greg? He's better at the manual labor.

格雷格在哪裡？他更擅長體力勞動。

Mitch is literally watching paint dry, which is very practical,

米奇簡直就是在看油漆幹，這非常實用。

but not nearly as complex as me trying to make an off-grid fridge.

但還沒有像我試圖製作一個離網冰箱那樣複雜。

But it shows you how cool it is

但它告訴你它有多酷

to just paint roofs white.

只是把屋頂塗成白色。

Like, we can all do that.

比如，我們都能做到這一點。

Whoo.

嗚呼。

It's hot.

它很熱。

Greg: We are currently in an awful heat wave,

格雷格：我們目前正處在一個可怕的熱浪中。

so we want to figure out how to cool

所以我們要想出如何冷卻

our bodies down right now.

我們的身體現在正在下降。

If your core body temperature goes above 38.3 degrees Celsius,

如果你的核心體溫超過38.3攝氏度。

you not only risk heat stroke,

你不僅有中暑的風險。

but literally denaturing the proteins in your cells.

但實際上是使你細胞中的蛋白質變性。

So the military has developed a couple techniques

是以，軍方已經開發了幾種技術

to cool yourself down efficiently.

以有效地給自己降溫。

One in particular is called the Arm Emersion Cooling System.

其中一個特別的項目被稱為 "臂部急救冷卻系統"。

Because your hands and feet have more surface area on them,

因為你的手和腳上有更多的表面積。

you want to focus on those.

你要專注於這些。

If you can put your hands, up to your elbows,

如果你能把你的手，直到你的肘部。

in cold water, in particular, though,

特別是在冷水中，不過。

10 degrees Celsius is the optimum,

10攝氏度是最佳狀態。

you can cool your core temperature down

你可以將你的核心溫度降下來

by one degree Celsius.

攝氏1度。

- Does it feel good? - It's beautiful.

- 它感覺好嗎？- 很漂亮。

It's refreshing, it's great.

這很新鮮，很好。

Okay, you may have heard that having a hot soup

好吧，你可能已經聽說過，有一個熱湯

on a hot day can cool you down, and this is true,

在炎熱的日子裡可以讓你降溫，這是真的。

but only under specific circumstances.

但僅在特定情況下。

This all has to do with sweating.

這都與出汗有關。

You see, the evaporation of water off of your body cools you down,

你看，水從你的身體上蒸發，使你降溫。

so eating something hot actually causes you to sweat.

所以吃熱的東西實際上會使你出汗。

But it's important that it's a dry day and it's not too humid,

但重要的是，這是一個乾燥的日子，不會太潮溼。

and it's important that you also have some skin exposed,

而且重要的是，你也有一些皮膚暴露在外。

and preferably, maybe, you're in the shade.

而且最好是，也許，你是在陰涼處。

Also, there's receptors in your mouth,

另外，你的嘴裡有受體。

the TRPV1 receptor,

TRPV1受體。

which tells your brain, "Oh, my goodness, it's hot. Time to sweat."

它告訴你的大腦，"哦，我的天哪，它很熱。是時候出汗了。"

And you can trigger those even with hot sauce.

而且你甚至可以用辣醬來觸發這些。

So if you add that to your soup, even just to a cold soup,

是以，如果你在湯中加入這個，甚至只是加入冷湯。

you can trigger those receptors, cause your body to sweat,

你可以觸發這些受體，使你的身體出汗。

and cool you down on a hot day.

並在熱天為你降溫。

Mm, warm soup. Refreshing.

嗯，熱湯。令人神清氣爽。

Why does sweating have a cooling effect?

為什麼出汗會有冷卻效果？

The answer is evaporative cooling--

答案是蒸發式冷卻 --

turning a liquid such as sweat

變成液體，如汗水

from its liquid state into a gas requires energy.

從液態變成氣體需要能量。

This energy is taken from our body, or sweat, in the form of heat.

這種能量來自我們的身體，或者說是汗水，以熱的形式。

The resulting heat transfer leads to the desired cooling effect of sweating.

由此產生的熱傳遞導致了所需的出汗冷卻效果。

For sweating to ideally cool you down,

對於出汗來說，最理想的是讓你降溫。

you need skin exposed to the air that isn't too humid,

你需要暴露在不太潮溼的空氣中的皮膚。

you need to be hydrated,

你需要補充水分。

and a shady, windy spot is ideal.

和一個陰暗、有風的地方是理想的。

Wind increases the effect of evaporative cooling,

風會增加蒸發冷卻的效果。

which you may have experienced

你可能經歷過的

after leaving a swimming pool on a windy day.

在大風天離開游泳池後。

You'll feel extra cool when wet in the wind.

在風中潮溼時，你會感到特別涼爽。

This is because the wind increases the evaporation rate

這是因為風會增加蒸發率

of the liquid water from you skin's surface

的液態水從你的皮膚表面流出

and accelerates the amount that's being

並加速了正在進行的

converted to vapor, thus cooling your body.

轉化為水汽，從而冷卻你的身體。

( thunder )

( 雷聲 )

'Tis absolutely raining. Cats and dogs, as they say.

絕對在下雨。就像他們說的，貓和狗。

I'm very happy that we moved away from the bunky to do this electrical circuitry.

我非常高興，我們搬離了沙坑，做這個電路。

So what we're about to do right now is create

所以我們現在要做的是創建

a thermoelectric cooling effect.

熱電冷卻效應。

We're essentially building a fridge,

我們基本上是在建造一個冰箱。

but using a really interesting scientific principle.

但使用了一個非常有趣的科學原理。

First step is getting these components onto the box.

第一步是將這些組件裝到盒子上。