Name: 誰擁有水？- BBC學習英語 (Who owns water? - BBC Learning English)
Uploaded: 2021-10-25T16:45:35.000Z
Duration: 10 min 2 s

Water. It's vital for all life. So, who owns it?

水。它對所有生命都至關重要。那麼，誰擁有它？

Some of the answers to that might surprise you.

這方面的一些答案可能會讓你吃驚。

未來簡單式

We'll explain how, despite the different ways water is controlled,

我們將解釋如何，儘管水的控制方式不同。

Should companies profit from something we all need?

公司應該從我們都需要的東西中獲利嗎？

還有......大麻煩：水的所有權如何

Can water be owned? It falls from the sky,

水可以被擁有嗎？它從天而降。

shouldn't the law make sure that no one can stop us from having it?

法律不是應該確保沒有人可以阻止我們擁有它嗎？

Lots of international agreements recognise how important it is.

很多國際協議都承認它的重要性。

The United Nations says all its member states have to make sure

聯合國表示，其所有成員國必須確保

vulnerable people have access to drinking water.

And, in lots of cases, countries own it –

而且，在很多情況下，國家擁有它 --

sharing it out among the people who live there.

那麼，為什麼我們常常要為此付出代價呢？

Private water companies often own the things that bring water to you:

私人水務公司往往擁有為你送水的東西。

pipes, pumps and dams. So, they can charge for it.

管道、泵和水壩。是以，他們可以收費。

And sometimes, if a river starts in one country but goes through another,

有時，如果一條河流從一個國家開始，但要經過另一個國家。

So, how does the law keep us all supplied with water?

那麼，法律是如何讓我們都有水供應的呢？

Amanda Loeffen, from the campaigning organisation Human Right to Water,

來自運動組織 "水的權利 "的阿曼達-羅芬(Amanda Loeffen)。

explained which big international laws protect your access to water.

解釋了哪些大的國際法律保護你的用水權。

Well, the original Declaration on Human Rights,

didn't explicitly mention the right to water

but it is included in a lot of the more recent treaties,

但它包括在許多最近的條約中。

especially in general... General Comment Number 15, in 2003,

特別是在一般情況下...2003年，第15號一般性意見。

which was the specifically on water and sanitation,

這是對水和衛生設施的具體說明。

and in some of the other recent treaties,

like the ones on the rights of the child,

persons with disabilities and non-discrimination against women.

And those include clauses that address water and sanitation directly.

而這些條款包括直接處理水和衛生設施的條款。

A right to water wasn't in the original human rights declaration,

水權並不在最初的人權宣言中。

but it has been put in more recent agreements.

General Comment 15 recognised the right to water

So, what gets in the way of giving everyone access to water?

那麼，是什麼阻礙了讓每個人都能獲得水的方式？

Land rights and property rights often make access to water more difficult,

土地權和財產權往往使水的獲取更加困難。

and the rights... water... onto the use of water

is often tied to the ownership of the land.

This is particularly relevant for people that live in informal settlements

這對生活在非正規住區的人來說尤其重要。

for a long time, but don't actually own it.

長久以來，我一直都在使用它，但實際上並不擁有它。

Getting access to water can be made difficult by land ownership rules:

由於土地所有權規則，獲得水的機會可能會變得很困難。

if you don't own the land the water is on,

Amanda explained what to do if you had a problem getting water.

阿曼達解釋瞭如果你在取水時遇到問題該怎麼辦。

Well, the first thing you would do is to see whether or not

那麼，你要做的第一件事是看是否

there is a national law that states that you have the right to water,

有一項國家法律規定，你有用水的權利。

or that your particular problem is dealt with in national law,

或你的特定問題在國家法律中得到了處理。

in which case you can potentially take it to a court of law.

在這種情況下，你有可能將其告上法庭。

that's a little bit outside of their ability or budget

這有點超出了他們的能力或預算

and so it's much easier for them if they approach their local ombudsman

是以，如果他們接觸當地的監察員，就會更容易。

or national human rights institution, whose job is to help them.

或國家人權機構，其工作是幫助他們。

Amanda says you should go to an ombudsman –

阿曼達說你應該去找監察員------。

So, is the law enough on its own to protect your right to water.

那麼，法律本身是否足以保護你的水權。

There also needs to be a system to make sure that it's complied with.

還需要有一個系統來確保它得到遵守。

所以，僅僅因為它在法律上的規定

and tracking to make sure that people still have access to those services.

和跟蹤，以確保人們仍然能夠獲得這些服務。

Although laws exist to make sure we get water,

儘管存在法律來確保我們得到水。

we need people to check that laws are being followed

我們需要有人來檢查法律是否得到遵守

We should all be provided with water, thanks to major international laws.

由於主要的國際法，我們都應該得到水的供應。

這應該是任何政府的優先事項。

can sometimes threaten governments themselves.

in the late 20th century, it was affected by water shortages.

在20世紀末，它受到了缺水的影響。

Many poor residents didn't have a connection to the water network.

許多貧困居民沒有連接到水網。

The government signed a deal with Aguas del Tunari

政府與Aguas del Tunari公司簽署了一項協議

The group agreed to supply the city with water.

But then prices went up and violent protests broke out.

但後來價格上漲，爆發了暴力抗議活動。

Demonstrations got so bad that they were called the Water War.

示威活動變得如此糟糕，以至於被稱為水戰。

Eventually, the deal with Aguas del Tunari was abandoned

最終，與Aguas del Tunari的交易被放棄了。

and the water supply was returned to the public –

它的大部分雨水都落入亞馬遜河。

And the Andes mountain range separates the water from the people.

So, the water that is available needs to be carefully managed

是以，需要對現有的水進行仔細管理

to use the water properly is really important.

An ideal water citizen takes care of the water,

一個理想的水公民會照顧好水。

But does that mean that if you don't own the water,

但這是否意味著，如果你不擁有水。

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誰擁有水？- BBC學習英語 (Who owns water? - BBC Learning English)

eventually

struggle

approach

access