today's lesson, we're going to look at some popular culture

今天的課程，我們將看看一些流行文化

expressions. These are words that are very popular today;

表達方式。這些都是今天非常流行的詞語。

they may or may not be popular in a few years. Right? And the

它們在幾年後可能會或可能不會流行。對嗎？而

reason that it's important to understand these is because

瞭解這些很重要，因為

you're going to see or hear these words a lot now, but

你現在會經常看到或聽到這些話，但

they're not words that are very common, or they're not words

它們不是很常見的詞，或者它們不是詞

that you would see in an English learning textbook, for example.

例如，你會在英語學習課本中看到。

They are words that suddenly appear in mainstream media, or

它們是突然出現在主流媒體上的詞語，或者是

in, like, Hollywood, or in things like that -- that

例如，好萊塢，或類似的事情 -- -- 那

basically celebrities, or influencers, or people who are

基本上是名人，或有影響力的人，或那些

popular and have a big audience make common. Right? So, these

受歡迎並有大量的觀眾使共同的。對嗎？所以，這些

are not everyday words; these are words that somebody made

這不是日常用語；這些是有人提出的用語。

popular. Okay? And we're going to... You're going to have an

流行。好嗎？而且我們要...你將會有一個

idea once I get going.

一旦我開始行動，就會有這樣的想法。

For example: "to throw shade at someone". Ten years ago, you

例如："向某人投擲陰影"。十年前，你

would not have heard this expression. Ten years from now,

就不會聽到這種說法。十年後的今天。

you might not hear this expression anymore. But today,

你可能不會再聽到這種表達。但是今天。

this is a very common expression. "To throw shade"

這是一個非常常見的說法。"拋出陰影"

means to insult someone publicly. But the key is that

是指公開侮辱某人。但關鍵是

it's not a very obvious insult; it's a very subtle or very

它不是一個非常明顯的侮辱；它是一個非常微妙或非常

hinted-at insult. And it's usually celebrities at

暗示的侮辱。而且它通常是名人在

celebrities. Because who is in the public eye? Celebrities.

名人。因為誰在公眾視野中？名人。

Everyday people, like you or me, nobody cares what we actually

像你或我這樣的普通人，沒有人關心我們實際上是什麼。

say. So, nobody's listening to us, so we can't really throw

說。所以，沒有人聽我們的，所以我們不能真的扔下

shade in public. We can do it in private, but then it's just

在公共場合遮陽。我們可以在私下裡做，但那只是

insult; it's not shade.

侮辱；這不是陰涼。

Now, the main idea is that it's shade. "Shade" means "not

現在，主要的想法是，它是陰涼的。"陰涼 "意味著 "不

direct". Right? So, if... If one musician makes a joke, but

直接"。對嗎？所以，如果...如果一個音樂家開了一個玩笑，但

doesn't mention the... another musician's name, but the nature

沒有提到......另一個音樂家的名字，但其性質是

of the joke everybody understands is about that

每個人都明白的笑話是關於那個

musician, then that is called "throwing shade". The first

音樂家，那麼這就叫 "拋出陰影"。第一個

musician could directly insult to the second musician, but she

音樂家可以直接侮辱第二個音樂家，但她

doesn't. She says something that everybody understands to be

並沒有。她說了一些大家都能理解為

about the second musician, and therefore she can't be blamed,

關於第二個音樂家，是以不能責怪她。

really, for anything. Although it usually goes back and forth

真的，為了任何事情。雖然它通常會來回走動

both ways. Okay? So, to insult in a very subtle but public way.

兩種方式。好嗎？是以，以一種非常微妙但公開的方式進行侮辱。

"Gaslighting", this is a very common expression. This is

"煤氣中毒"，這是一個非常常見的說法。這就是

actually an old expression, but it's become popular again, in

其實這是一個古老的說法，但現在又開始流行了，在

the new political, American-political situation.

新的政治，美國的政治局勢。

You'll hear it more commonly in the US than you will other

在美國，你會比其他國家更常聽到這句話。

places, but "to gaslight someone"... So, one person can

場所，但 "對某人進行氣體照明"......是以，一個人可以

"gaslight" someone or a person can "gaslight" a whole group of

"氣死 "一個人或一個人可以 "氣死 "一整群人。

people. It basically means "to manipulate". But how? How do you

人。它基本上意味著 "操縱"。但是怎麼做呢？你如何

manipulate people? You lie to them, or you make them think

操縱人們？你對他們撒謊，或者你讓他們認為

that they... their reality is questionable.

他們......他們的現實是值得懷疑的。

So, if I tell you lies every day, every day, every day, and

所以，如果我每天都對你說謊言，每天都說，每天都說，而且

then you question me, and I would say: "What are you talking

然後你問我，我會說。"你在說什麼？

about? I never said that." So, I tell you the lie, and then I

關於？我從來沒有說過。"所以，我告訴你這個謊言，然後我

deny it. And then I again, and again, and again, until finally,

否認它。然後我再一次，再一次，再一次，直到最後。

you start to think that maybe the problem is in your mind; you

你開始想，也許問題出在你的頭腦中；你

start to doubt yourself, you start to think that your reality

開始懷疑自己，你開始認為你的現實

might not be 100% accurate, or you start questioning what is

可能不是100%準確，或者你開始質疑什麼是

actually true and what is not. You don't know what to believe,

實際上是真的，什麼是假的。你不知道該相信什麼。

who to believe, etcetera. So, the person who did this to you

該相信誰，等等。所以，對你做這件事的人

gaslighted you or gaslit you, and that's the whole intention

煤氣燈或煤氣燈，這就是整個意圖。

of it. So, especially in the political environment we live in

的。是以，特別是在我們所處的政治環境中

today. Some politicians are actively trying to gaslight the

今天。一些政客正積極地試圖對

public; they lie to them, lie to them, and they say: "No. I never

公眾；他們對他們撒謊，對他們撒謊，而他們說。"不，我從來沒有

said that." Or: "No, no, I said the opposite. I don't know why

說。"或者："不，不，我說的是相反的。我不知道為什麼

you think this." Right? So, they're manipulating them. And

你是這樣想的。"對嗎？所以，他們在操縱他們。而且

it's working, which is a scary thing. So, that's "gaslighting".

它正在發揮作用，這是一件可怕的事情。所以，這就是 "氣話"。

"Trigger". "Trigger" is a very popular word now as well. When

"觸發器"。"Trigger "現在也是一個非常流行的詞。當

someone is triggered, it means something got them emotionally

一個人被觸發了，這意味著有什麼東西讓他們在情感上受到影響

active; it made them somehow emotional, usually in a negative

積極參與；這使他們在某種程度上情緒化，通常是消極的。

way. So, somebody said something, and that made me very

方式。是以，有人說了一些話，這使我非常

angry, and maybe it offended me. It made me feel attacked or

憤怒，也許它冒犯了我。它使我感到被攻擊或

insulted. And then I get very angry and I want to take some

被侮辱了。然後我變得非常生氣，我想採取一些

action. This is also very common in the political landscape these

行動。這在政治領域也很常見，這些

days, especially in the US, where if someone triggers

天，特別是在美國，如果有人觸發了

someone, the... It makes them angry, but sometimes... It's

有人，...這讓他們很生氣，但有時...它是

gotten to the point where the person getting angry is getting

已經到了發火的人正在發火的地步。

angry about everything. Right? So, the political right is

對一切都很生氣。對嗎？所以，政治右派是

accusing the political left of always being triggered, which

指責政治左派總是被觸發，這

leads...

導致...

Actually, I'll go... I'll skip a few and go to this word:

實際上，我會去...我跳過幾個，去看這個詞。

"snowflake". So, the political right, started calling people on

"雪花"。是以，政治上的右派，開始稱呼人們為

the left "snowflakes" because "snowflakes"... Basically,

左派的 "雪花"，因為 "雪花"...基本上是這樣。

"snowflake" means somebody who's not really special. Right? He's

"雪花 "的意思是某人並不真正特別。對嗎？他是

just like everybody else. But now it means that somebody who

就像其他人一樣。但現在這意味著，有人在

gets easily offended. So, a lot of people accused the liberals

很容易被冒犯。是以，很多人指責自由主義者

in the US of being snowflakes. It's very easy to make them

在美國，他們被稱為 "雪花"。要讓他們變得非常容易

upset; it's very easy to offend them. They're always trying to

不高興；很容易得罪他們。他們總是試圖

be politically correct, trying to make everybody happy, which

政治上正確，試圖讓每個人都滿意，這

is a little bit impossible. So, it's gotten to the point where

是有點不可能的。是以，它已經到了這樣的地步

people on, like, on the left... on the right, like Republicans,

人們在，比如，在左邊... 在右邊，比如共和黨人。

are actively and happily trying to trigger the snowflakes on the

正在積極和愉快地試圖觸發雪花上的

left. And the problem is that the liberals, the Democrats are

左邊。而問題是，自由主義者，民主黨人是

starting to look a little bit weak, because everybody thinks

開始看起來有點弱，因為大家都認為

they are snowflakes.

他們是 "雪花"。

So, I'll give you a common example these days. It's

所以，我給你舉一個這些天常見的例子。這就是

becoming increasingly popular for people to say what pronoun

越來越多的人喜歡說什麼代詞

they want to be called by. So: "Hi. My name is Adam. I prefer

他們希望被稱為。所以。"嗨，我的名字是亞當。我喜歡

'he' and 'him'." So, like, basically, I'm saying I'm a

'他'和'他'。"所以，像，基本上，我說我是一個

male, so call me by my male pronouns. Some people say they

男性，所以用男性代名詞稱呼我。有些人說他們

prefer to be called "they". People don't want to be

更願意被稱為 "他們"。人們不希望被

gender... They want to be... They don't want to be

性別...他們想成為...他們不想成為

gender-binary; they want to be neutral. So, anyways, this is

性別二元化；他們希望是中性的。所以，無論如何，這是

one of the things that people are talking about. If you call

人們正在談論的事情之一。如果你叫

somebody, if somebody says: "'He'. I want to be called 'he'

有人，如果有人說："'他'。我想被稱為'他'。

or 'she'", and you call me "they", I will be triggered, I

或'她'"，而你叫我 "他們"，我就會被觸發，我

will be angry, and I will complain and I will be upset

會生氣，會抱怨，會難過

about it. And then you will call me a "snowflake" because I'm

關於它。然後你會說我是 "雪花"，因為我是

getting upset about nothing really serious. So, "snowflake"

越來越多的人因為沒有真正嚴肅的事情而煩惱。所以，"雪花"

and "triggers" kind of go together.

和 "觸發器 "是一起的。

Now, a "snub". A "snub" is basically ignoring something or

現在，一個 "冷落"。"冷落 "基本上是無視某些東西或

someone a little bit with the intent of making them feel bad.

故意讓別人感覺不好。

So, if you think about the Oscars, the movies or any award

是以，如果你考慮到奧斯卡獎、電影或任何獎項

show -- somebody is getting a lot of praise for their acting,

表演 -- 有人因其演技而獲得很多讚譽。

or directing, or production. And everybody thinks: "Oh, yeah,

或導演，或製作。而每個人都認為"哦，是的。

this... This actor is going to win an Academy Award." And then

這...這個演員將贏得奧斯卡獎"。然後

the Oscar committee announces the nominations, who is

奧斯卡委員會宣佈提名，誰是

considered to be the best actor, and they snub this actor. It

被認為是最好的演員，他們卻冷落了這個演員。它

means they don't include him in the nominations. That means they

意味著他們不把他列入提名名單。這意味著他們

ignore him; they think his, that his performance was not very

忽視他；他們認為他的，他的表現並不十分

good. So, a "snub" can be considered an insult. But mostly

好。是以，"冷落 "可以被認為是一種侮辱。但主要是

it means you're not included or not considered for something,

這意味著你沒有被包括在內，或者沒有被考慮到某些方面。

and people take offense to that as well.

而人們也對此感到不快。

I'm sure if you follow Instagram or social media, you've probably

我相信如果你關注Instagram或社交媒體，你可能已經

seen "BAE" a lot. A lot of people think that "BAE" is short

經常看到 "BAE"。很多人認為 "BAE "是簡稱

for "baby". Actually, it's an acronym: Before Anyone Else. So,

為 "寶貝"。實際上，它是一個縮寫：在任何人之前。所以。

basically, your special person. You will do something for this

基本上，你的特殊人物。你會為這個做一些事情

person before anyone else. So, it could be baby, your baby, but

在其他人面前的人。是以，它可能是寶寶，你的寶寶，但

it's basically your boyfriend or girlfriend, the... Or your

它基本上是你的男朋友或女朋友，...或你的

lover. Doesn't... depends on the situation. "Before Anyone Else"

戀人。不......視情況而定。"在任何人之前"

is the actual expression.

是實際的表達。

"Ghost". This is actually a verb: "to ghost". So, "to ghost"

"幽靈"。這實際上是一個動詞："to ghost"。是以，"鬼魂"

means, for example, in a party... If you're at a party

指的是，例如在一個聚會上...如果你在一個聚會上

and you leave without saying: "Goodbye" to anybody, like,

和你離開，沒有說。對任何人說 "再見"，就像。

nobody knows that you left. Suddenly, they realize you're

沒有人知道你離開了。突然間，他們意識到你是

not there -- that means you ghosted; you left quietly

不在那裡--這意味著你已經消失了；你悄悄地離開了。

without telling anybody. Or on a conversation, on a telephone

不告訴任何人。或者在談話中，在電話中

conversation, someone calls you and your friend picks up and you

談話，有人給你打電話，你的朋友接了電話，你

say: "Hello?" You say... Somebody says: "Yeah. Can I talk

說。"喂？"你說...有人說："是的。我可以談談嗎？

to Bill?" And Bill is standing right here. It means I'm not

給比爾？"而比爾就站在這裡。這意味著我不是

here. Right? So, they say: "Oh, I'm sorry. Bill's not here. Can

這裡。對嗎？所以，他們說"哦，我很抱歉。比爾不在這裡。可以

he call you back?" So that Bill is ghosting the person on the

他給你回電話？"這樣一來，比爾就在鬼混上了。

phone. That's another use of it.

電話。這是它的另一個用途。

And if you have a relationship with someone, you're talking or

而如果你和某人有關係，你在談論或

texting, whatever, and then suddenly one person just stops

發短信，什麼的，然後突然有一個人就停止了

communication; never writes back, never calls -- just stops

溝通；從不回信，不打電話--只是停止

any communication. So. that, also, is called "ghosting".

任何交流。是以，這也被稱為 "幽靈"。

That's a common expression these days.

這是這幾天常見的說法。

Another thing to keep in mind about most of these expressions,

關於大多數這些表達方式，還有一件事要牢記。

like, for example: "BAE", and "ghost", and things like that --

例如，像。"BAE"，和 "ghost"，以及類似的東西 --

young people use it more than the older generations.

年輕人比老一代人更多地使用它。

"Trigger", "snowflake", and "gaslighting" -- these are just

"觸發器"、"雪花 "和 "氣體照明" -- 這些只是

more of political words and expressions, so everybody's

更多的政治詞彙和表達方式，所以大家的

using them. But a lot of the pop-culture words originate or

使用它們。但是，很多流行文化的詞彙都起源於或

come with... from young people.

與......來自年輕人。

Now, then an example here is the word "woke". This is actually an

現在，那麼這裡的一個例子是 "woke "一詞。這實際上是一個

old word, but it has a resurgence. Basically, it's a

古老的詞，但它有一個回潮。基本上，它是一個

word that's become popular and then sort of disappears, nobody

變得流行的詞，然後有點消失了，沒有人

uses it; and then it comes back to be popular, and maybe

使用它；然後它又開始流行起來，也許是

disappears again. So, this is basically, like, now the third

又消失了。所以，這基本上是，比如說，現在的第三個

time that it's become popular. "Woke" means aware; socially

的時間，它已經變得很流行。"清醒 "是指意識到；在社會上

aware of discrimination or injustice, especially when it

意識到歧視或不公正，特別是當它

comes to, like, racial discrimination. If you think

說到，比如說，種族歧視。如果你認為

you're being discriminated against, or if you notice that

你被歧視了，或者如果你注意到

there's a lot of discrimination against people of color; Black

有很多對有色人種的歧視；黑人

people, Latinos, etcetera - then you are "woke".

人、拉美人等等--那麼你就是 "清醒的"。

And generally, if you're going to be woke, you're probably also

而一般來說，如果你要清醒，你可能也會

going to be "triggered". Right? I'm actually going to say

將會被 "觸發"。對嗎？其實我要說的是

"triggered" when we're talking about a person or describing a

當我們談論一個人或描述一個人時，"被觸發"。

person. "To trigger" means to make someone triggered. And if

人。"觸發 "是指使人被觸發。而如果

someone is woke, they can be easily upset; they can be easily

一個人被驚醒了，他們會很容易感到不安；他們會很容易

triggered by seeing how, let's say, police treat a certain

觸發的原因是看到了，比如說，警察如何對待某一

segment of the population, or how the government treats them,

部分人口，或政府如何對待他們。

or how anybody. Like, any one area the population treats

或任何人如何。比如，任何一個地區的人口對待

another area of the population, especially as the world is

另一個地區的人口，特別是當世界正在

becoming... There's a lot more White supremacy, and populism,

成為...有更多的白人至上主義，和民粹主義。

and all these things. People are becoming more woke. Okay?

和所有這些事情。人們正在變得更加清醒。好嗎？

On a more light tone, we have "GOAT". "GOAT" is also an

在一個更輕鬆的基調上，我們有 "GOAT"。"GOAT "也是一個

acronym; it's not the animal, it means: Greatest Of All Time.

首字母縮寫；這不是動物，而是指。Greatest Of All Time。

Greatest Of All Time. So, it started... The conversation

有史以來最偉大的。是以，它開始了...談話

started, I think. It became more and more popular when there was

開始，我想。它變得越來越流行，當有

a question: "Who is the GOAT? LeBron James or Michael Jordan?

一個問題。"誰是GOAT？勒布朗-詹姆斯還是邁克爾-喬丹？

Who is the greatest basketball player of all time?" And after

誰是有史以來最偉大的籃球運動員？"而後

they started, then: "Okay, who's the GOAT in hockey? Who's the

他們開始了，然後。"好吧，誰是冰球界的GOAT？誰是

GOAT in soccer? Who's the goat in football?" And then it

足球界的GOAT？誰是足球界的山羊？"然後它

started to go outside of sports altogether: "Who's the GOAT

開始完全走出體育領域。"誰是GOAT

president? Who's the GOAT businessman?" All these things.

總統？誰是GOAT的商人？"所有這些事情。

So: "Who's the best? The best of the best. The Greatest Of All

那麼。"誰是最好的？最佳中的最佳。最偉大的人

Time." And it's used quite a lot these days.

時間"。而且這幾天用得挺多的。

"Goals". "Goals", basically means "goals"; it's exactly what

"目標"。"目標"，基本上意味著 "目標"；它正是

it says, but it's very commonly used when people talk about what

它說，但當人們談論什麼時，它是非常常用的。

they want to achieve. And you'll see this a lot on social media.

他們想要實現的目標。而你在社交媒體上會經常看到這種情況。

Right? Somebody puts a picture of a happy couple and they're

對嗎？有人放了一張幸福夫婦的照片，他們是

doing something fun, and in the comments, you'll see: "Oh,

做一些有趣的事情，而在評論中，你會看到。"哦。

couple goals". Or they're... They have very nice body; body

夫婦目標"。或者他們是...他們有非常好的身體; 身體

goals, or vacation goals, or whatever goals. So, whenever

目標，或假期目標，或任何目標。是以，每當

people see something that they think is really good and they

人們看到一些他們認為非常好的東西，他們

want for themselves, instead of actually working towards it,

為自己想要的，而不是真正為之努力。

they'll just say: "Oh, body goals, couple goals. I want to

他們就會說。"哦，身體目標，夫婦目標。我想

be like them." So, that's actually what it means: "I want

要像他們一樣。"所以，這實際上是它的意思。"我想

to be like", and whatever you're talking about. And notice that

to be like"，以及你正在談論的任何東西。並注意到

it's not "goal"; it's always "goals". "Body goals, vacation

它不是 "目標"；它總是 "目標"。"身體目標，度假

goals, couple goals". A very common word these days,

目標，夫婦目標"。這些天來一個非常常見的詞。

especially on social media.

特別是在社交媒體上。

"To binge". "To binge" means to do a lot of something in a very

"狂歡"。"狂歡 "是指在非常短的時間內做大量的事情。

short time. So, for example, if you... If you like the

短時間內。是以，舉例來說，如果你...如果你喜歡

Friends... The TV show, Friends, for example and you... You

朋友們...電視節目《朋友》，比如說和你...你

want... You don't have much time, but you want to see all of

想...你的時間不多，但你想看到所有的

the shows, one day you will start and you will watch one

節目，有一天你會開始，你會看一個

after the other, after the other. And after a day or two,

一個接一個，一個接一個。而在一兩天後。

you've seen the entire series. You binged on the show. It's

你已經看過整個系列。你在節目中狂歡。它是

also commonly used for when we talk about drinking alcohol, and

也常用於我們談及飲酒時，以及

especially young people at university, and they have

特別是大學裡的年輕人，他們有

parties and they binge drink. So, we can also use it as an