achieved through /Wu Wei/.

通過/Wu Wei/實現。

Wu Wei is literally translated as “not-doing”, “non-action”, or “inaction”.

無為的字面意思是 "不做"、"不做 "或 "無為"。

So when taken at face value, this seems to suggest that you can accomplish everything

是以，如果從表面上看，這似乎表明你可以完成所有的事情

by doing nothing.

通過無所作為。

That doesn't make much sense obviously.

這顯然沒有什麼意義。

So Wu Wei is often translated more loosely as “effortless action” or “unforced

是以，無為常常被寬泛地翻譯為 "毫不費力的行動 "或 "不費力的"。

action”, but I prefer the term “sincere action”.

行動"，但我更喜歡 "真誠的行動 "一詞。

Everything, in my opinion, is achieved through sincere action.

在我看來，一切都要通過真誠的行動來實現。

To fully explore what that means, let's start with a thought experiment.

為了充分探討這意味著什麼，讓我們從一個思想實驗開始。

Imagine that you woke up in a small sailboat.

想象一下，你在一艘小帆船上醒來。

An ocean filled with thousands of other boats surrounds you, and there's no land in sight.

充滿了成千上萬的其他船隻的海洋圍繞著你，看不到任何陸地。

What do you do?

你是做什麼的？

Do you follow the majority?

你跟隨大多數人嗎？

“You should stay with the majority,” a man says to you.

"你應該和大多數人呆在一起，"一個人對你說。

“There's great strength in numbers, and strength will get us to land.”

"人多力量大，力量大可以讓我們上岸。"

Or do you follow the minority?

還是跟隨少數人？

“Pssst…you should stick with us,” a woman whispers.

"噓......你應該堅持和我們在一起。"一個女人低聲說。

“Large groups are full of fighting.

"大集團充滿了戰鬥力。

We'll move faster as a minority, and speed will get us to land.”

我們作為少數派會走得更快，而速度會讓我們到達陸地。"

Or perhaps you open your sails and let the wind and current take you wherever they lead.

或者，你張開風帆，讓風和水流把你帶到任何地方。

/There's no reason to follow anyone else/, you think.

/沒有理由跟隨別人/，你想。

/No one here actually knows the way to land, and even if they did, I can't verify it

/這裡沒有人真正知道登陸的方法，即使他們知道，我也無法證實。

for myself.

為自己。

What could they know that I don't?

他們能知道什麼是我不知道的？

What knowledge do they have that I couldn't get myself?

他們有什麼知識是我自己無法得到的？

There is no “should”.

沒有什麼 "應該"。

I'll do what seems right to me in each moment./

我將做我在每個時刻看來正確的事情。

Allowing the winds and currents to carry you along is Wu Wei, or in my words, “sincere

讓風和水流帶著你走是無為，或者用我的話說，"真誠的

action”.

行動"。

In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, in the entry on Daoism, it says, “To act

在《斯坦福大學哲學百科全書》中，關於道教的條目中說，"行事

without wei is to remove the social, conceptual character from our behavior and act on 'natural'

無為而治是指從我們的行為中去除社會性、概念性的特徵，而以 "自然 "的方式行事。

instinct or intuition.”

本能或直覺"。

So in my understanding, to act without wei is to act without any “shoulds”.

是以，在我的理解中，無為而治就是沒有任何 "應該 "的行為。

There's no “I should do this” or “I should do that”.

沒有 "我應該做這個 "或 "我應該做那個"。

There's no outer authority to follow blindly.

沒有外在的權威可供盲從。

There's only “this seems best to me based on my current knowledge and experience.”

只有 "根據我目前的知識和經驗，這對我來說是最好的"。

So how does sincere action lead one to achieve everything?

那麼，真誠的行動如何使人實現一切？

To start, our actions arise from our understanding of the world.

首先，我們的行動產生於我們對世界的理解。

So right actions depend on right understanding.

是以，正確的行動取決於正確的理解。

But obviously our understanding of the world is flawed and incomplete.

但顯然我們對世界的理解是有缺陷的，不完整的。

So what's more important than understanding?

那麼，什麼是比理解更重要的呢？

Learning.

學習。

We want our understanding to improve over time, and sincerity is necessary for learning.

我們希望我們的理解能隨著時間的推移而提高，而真誠是學習的必要條件。

Let me explain.

讓我解釋一下。

Learning is a natural process that occurs when a human is /involved/ in the world.

學習是一個自然的過程，當人被/捲入/這個世界時就會發生。

I'm using the term /involved/ in a very specific way here.

我在這裡以一種非常具體的方式使用 "參與 "一詞。

/Involvement/ has two conditions: sincerity and feedback.

/Involvement/有兩個條件：真誠和反饋。

Sincerity is when you act genuinely, in a way that seems best to you, in a way that's

真誠是指你的行為是真誠的，以你認為最好的方式，以一種

not dependent on external authority.

不依賴外部權威。

When you act sincerely, there's no one else to point the finger at.

當你真誠地採取行動時，就沒有人可以指責你了。

All you can say is, “that's what I wanted.”

你只能說，"這就是我想要的"。

Feedback is when you're not sheltered from the consequences of your actions, for better

反饋是指當你沒有被庇護，不受你的行為的後果影響時，為了更好地

or worse.

或者更糟。

Let's look at some practical examples.

讓我們看看一些實際的例子。

Think about how easily you learn the mechanics of a video game.

想想看，你是多麼容易學會視頻遊戲的機制。

Why is that the case?

為什麼會出現這種情況？

Two reasons.

兩個原因。

First, you're sincere in wanting to play and figure the game out.

首先，你是真誠地想玩，想把遊戲搞清楚。

Second, the game gives you feedback on your actions, allowing you to adjust your actions

第二，遊戲給你的行動提供反饋，允許你調整你的行動

and learn the game.

並學習該遊戲。

So when sincerity and feedback exist, learning occurs naturally.

是以，當真誠和反饋存在時，學習就會自然發生。

Now think about the last time you crammed for a test.

現在想想你上次為考試補習時的情況。

Maybe you weren't that into the course.

也許你並不那麼喜歡這個課程。

So there was no sincerity in your studying.

所以你的學習沒有誠意。

You studied because you felt you should to get a good job or please your parents.

你學習是因為你覺得你應該得到一份好工作或取悅你的父母。

But you used flashcards to study, so there was feedback.

但是你用閃卡來學習，所以有反饋。

What happens when you have feedback without sincerity?

當你有了沒有誠意的反饋，會發生什麼？

Basic memorization.

基本背誦。

Intellectualization.

智力化。

You may have memorized the facts for a test, but how long was it until you forgot them?

你可能已經記住了考試的事實，但直到你忘記它們時，又過了多久？

Feedback without sincerity doesn't lead to true learning.

沒有誠意的反饋不會導致真正的學習。

Now think about a summer, perhaps when you were younger, where you spent your time doing

現在想一想，也許是你年輕時的一個夏天，你在那裡度過了你的時間。

nothing but playing games and eating junk food.

除了玩遊戲和吃垃圾食品，什麼都沒有。

You might say, “Well that's what I would do again if I was really acting sincerely.

你可能會說，"好吧，如果我真的是真誠地行事，我還會這麼做。

I would just play games and eat junk.

我只會打遊戲和吃垃圾。

But I have to make myself do other things if I want to succeed.”

但如果我想成功，我必須讓自己做其他事情。"

The problem here is not sincerity.

這裡的問題不在於誠意。

The problem here is a lack of real world feedback.

這裡的問題是缺乏現實世界的反饋。

Someone who's sheltered from the consequences of playing video games and eating junk food

躲避玩電子遊戲和吃垃圾食品的後果的人

never learns to not do those activities because there's no real consequences for their actions.

從未學會不做這些活動，因為他們的行為沒有真正的後果。

So sincerity without feedback results in no learning.

是以，沒有反饋的真誠導致沒有學習。

So right action comes from right understanding.

所以正確的行動來自於正確的理解。

Right understanding comes from learning.

正確的理解來自於學習。

Learning comes from involvement in the world.

學習來自於對世界的參與。

Involvement comes from sincere action and feedback.

參與性來自於真誠的行動和反饋。

And to act sincerely is to live without wei or, in other words, to live Wu Wei.

而真誠地行動就是無為而治，或者換句話說，就是無為而治。

And to live Wu Wei, is to allow the winds and currents to take you, and so by “doing

而活在無為，就是讓風和水流帶走你，所以通過 "做

nothing”, you accomplish everything.

什麼都不做"，你就能完成一切。

As always, this is just my opinion and understanding of the Taoist concept of Wu Wei, not advice.

像往常一樣，這只是我對道教無為概念的看法和理解，不是建議。

Feel free to use this information however you like, and if you have a different take

請隨意使用這些資訊，如果你有不同的看法

on Wu Wei, I'd love to hear your perspective in

關於武威，我很想聽聽你的觀點，在

the comments.

的評論。