Name: 孟加拉瀕臨消失！氣候變遷加速人口外移 Where will you be able to live in 20 years?
Uploaded: 2022-02-04T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 5 min 6 s

"Migration [...] is one of the main coping and survival mechanisms that is available to those affected by environmental degradation." - Sylvia Lopez-Ekra

「遷移 [...] 對於受到環境退化影響的人們來說，是種主要的應對與生存機制之一。」－ Sylvia Lopez-Ekra

Mohammadpur has always had a unique relationship with the weather.

莫哈馬德普爾和天氣一直有著很獨特的關係。

分詞構句

Located at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal, this coastal village was built on top of the Meghna River delta.

位於孟加拉灣的出海口，這個海岸村莊座落於梅克納河的三角洲之上。

Deltas are a kind of landmass formed when sediment carried by rivers is deposited where that river meets a larger body of water.

三角洲是一種大片的陸地，形成原因是河流遇到更大的水體時，其所攜帶的沉積物會沉澱下來。

River deltas are incredibly fertile ecosystems capable of supporting abundant agriculture and marine life.

河流三角洲擁有非常豐沃的生態系統，可以維持大量的農業和海洋生命。

However, their borders gradually change as rivers bring more sediment in and storms wash sediment away.

然而，三角洲的邊界漸漸改變，因為河流帶來更多沉積物，暴風雨則會把沉積物沖走。

The residents of Mohammadpur are well-accustomed to managing the ebbs and flows of this ever-shifting landscape.

莫哈馬德普爾的居民很習慣處理這塊不斷變化的地景的漲落。

But lately, an abundance of intense cyclones have caused frequent flooding that impedes farming and fishing.

然而最近大量強大的氣旋經常造成洪水，影響到農業與漁業。

These floods also erode the coastline, allowing later storms to wipe away land altogether.

這些洪水也侵蝕了海岸線，讓後續的暴風雨把土地一起沖刷殆盡。

Since 2000, the Meghna River has overtaken the coastline by 2.5 kilometers, forcing many villagers to move inland or to nearby cities.

2000 年起，梅克納河已經侵襲了 2.5 公里的海岸線，迫使許多村民搬到內陸或鄰近的城市。

Mohammadpur isn't the only place where erratic weather is impacting people's mobility.

莫哈馬德普爾不是唯一一處不穩定的天氣影響到人民移動性的地方。

Repeated typhoons in the Philippines have displaced thousands from their homes.

菲律賓不斷遭遇颱風，迫使數以千計的人們流離失所。

In Fiji, the government is already moving many coastal villages inland to get ahead of predicted land loss.

在斐濟，政府已經將許多海岸村落遷至內陸，提早為預期的土地縮減做準備。

And in the United States, melting permafrost is causing chunks of the Alaskan coastline to erode.

在美國，永久凍土層融解讓大塊的阿拉斯加海岸被侵蝕掉。

就某些方面來說，這並不是什麼新鮮事。

Humanity has always adapted to changing weather and moved to regions that best support cultural lifestyles and livelihoods.

人類本來就一直會適應不斷改變的天氣，並搬遷到最能維持其文化之生活方式和生計的地方。

However, scientists agree that this rise in extreme weather is a by-product of Earth's rapidly changing climate.

然而，科學家認為極端天氣之所以越來越多，是地球氣候快速改變之下的產物。

Global warming increases the frequency and intensity of storms, flooding, and drought, while also melting polar ice caps and raising sea levels.

全球暖化增加了暴風雨、洪水，和乾旱的頻率和強度，同時也讓北極冰帽融化，使海平面上升。

These factors are changing the environment much faster than they have in the past.

這些因素改變環境的速度比以往更快。

Even for communities with the resources to take action, the variable pace and nature of these changes makes them difficult to adapt to.

即便是有資源可以採取行動的村莊，這些改變的多變步調和本質，仍讓他們很難適應。

And the vulnerable populations most impacted by climate change are often those least responsible.

而受到氣候變遷影響最大的弱勢族群，卻通常也都是最不應該為此負責的族群。

Many facing climate mobility live in farming and fishing communities in countries that generate dramatically fewer emissions than their larger counterparts.

許多因氣候而得搬移的人都居住在農、漁業村莊，且所屬國家所產生的排放都遠少於其他排放量更大的國家。

The nation has a unique combination of low-lying geography and heavily-populated coastal regions.

該國有個獨特的組合：地勢很低，而沿岸地區的人口眾多。

Most of these vulnerable coastal families, like those in Mohammadpur, don't want to abandon their homes and livelihoods.

大部分這類易受影響的沿岸家庭，例如莫哈馬德普爾的居民們，並不想就此拋棄他們的家園和生計。

And for others, leaving Bangladesh isn't financially practical.

對其他人而言，從財務角度來看，離開孟加拉並不實際。

So, to stay with their communities, many have moved a few meters inland and built more resilient homes on higher ground or elevated stilts.

所以為了留在村莊裡，許多人只是向內陸搬移了幾公尺，在較高處建造更具韌性的房子或者把住家架高。

Others have tried to buy land on newly-emerging islands in the delta, while some have sent family members to find work in nearby cities.

其他人則嘗試購買三角洲新出現的島嶼上的土地，有些人則是派家人到鄰近的城市找工作。

A handful of individuals might even cross international borders if they have family, friends, or work connections on the other side.

如果在另一個國家有家人、朋友或工作人脈的話，少數人甚至可能會跨過國際邊界。

But many of the residents who've left are eager to return home.

但許多離開家園的居民都迫切著想要返鄉。

Unfortunately, it's unclear when weather extremes will die down, and the government has repeatedly delayed projects to build concrete embankments that would prevent further erosion.

不幸的是，我們無法明確得知何時極端天氣才會減輕，而政府又不斷延遲能預防進一步侵蝕的堤岸建設計畫。

In other parts of the world, people couldn't move inland even if they wanted to.

在世界上其他地方，有人就算想要搬到內陸也沒辦法。

The low-lying Pacific Island nations of Kiribati and Tuvalu are only 811 square kilometers and 26 square kilometers, respectively.

吉里巴斯和吐瓦魯是地勢很低的太平洋島國，國土大小分別只有 811 平方公里和 26 平方公里。

So, migration would mean moving to a different country altogether.

所以，遷移的意思就是要搬到另一個國家。

Instead, their governments and citizens have united in physically, legally, and politically, fortifying their countries.

而相反的，它們的政府和人民在實體上、法律上，及政治上團結合作，想盡辦法強化其國家。

Island residents are planting coastal mangrove forests and building up low-lying areas of land with dredged sand to shield themselves against storms and rising sea levels.

島民們在沿岸種植紅樹林，挖掘海沙並將地勢低的地區建高，協助他們抵禦暴風雨和上升的海平面。

And the islands' governments have repeatedly lobbied on the global stage for countries with the highest emissions to reduce pollution and take responsibility for climate change.

這些島嶼的政府一直不斷在國際場合遊說，希望排放最高的國家能減少污染，並為氣候變遷負起責任。

The challenges facing each coastal community are unique, and the diversity of the people's experiences can make climate mobility a difficult phenomenon to measure and define.

每個沿岸村莊所面臨的挑戰都是獨一無二的，且人們的經驗十分多樣化，讓氣候造成的移動現象很難測量也很難定義。

But as new communities are endangered by extreme weather, it's more important than ever to listen to those on the front lines of this crisis.

然而隨著更多村莊開始受到極端天氣威脅，聆聽身在危機最前線的人們的主張比以往任何時候都顯得更加重要。

Have you ever wondered what the difference between a migrant and a refugee is?

你有曾經想過移民和難民的差別嗎？

Find out with this video. Or, if you want to understand exactly how we get to net-zero emissions, click on this video.

觀看這部影片來找到答案吧。或是如果你想要知道我們該如何真的達到碳中和的目標，就點擊這部影片吧。