What does it mean to be gifted?

「天賦異稟」是什麼意思呢？

Like many, you may think it's having an exceptionally high IQ or being a child prodigy.

你可能跟許多人一樣，認為是擁有異常高的智商或是天才兒童。

And while it's true that people who fall under these categories can be considered gifted, it's also time you realized that there are actually many different types of giftedness that tend to get overlooked and undervalued.

而雖然在這些分類的人確實可以被視為天賦異稟，是時候意識到，其實天賦有許多種類，只是它們傾向被忽視或是看清。

First studied by researchers George Betts and Maureen Neihart in their 1988 article, "Profiles of the Gifted and Talented", they identified six different types of gifted individuals according to their behaviors, feelings, and needs.

研究人員 George Betts 以及 Maureen Neihart 將初次的研究結果列入 1988 年發表名為《天賦異稟者的側寫》的文章中，他們根據行為、感覺以及需要辨識出了具備不同天賦的六類人。

Curious to know which type you are?

好奇自己是哪一種嗎？

Well, here are six types of gifted people.

以下是六種具備天賦的人。

Number one, the successful type.

第一：成功型。

Type ones are the most commonly recognized type of gifted individuals.

第一類型是最普遍被視為具天賦的人。

They're those we've typically come to associate with the term because of their impressive academic performances and prestigious achievements.

他們是我們一般會與「天賦異稟」聯想在一起的人，這原因是他們傲人的學業表現以及卓越成就。

Most type ones become even more driven to excel because of the high expectations placed upon them at a young age by their parents, teachers, and peers.

多數第一類人會變成更有動力出類拔萃，因為從年幼的時候，父母、老師以及同儕就對他們寄予厚望。

However, at the same time, some type ones can become bored with school and lose their passion for learning because they feel like their giftedness has become their entire identity.

不過在此同時，有些第一類人可能會對校園厭倦、失去學習熱忱，因為他們覺得天份變成了它們的身份的全部。

This happens because many parents and teachers make the mistake of focusing too much on developing their intelligence, talents, and skills that it stunts their personal, social, and emotional growth, making them competent but unimaginative and ill-adjusted adults.

這會發生的原因是，很多師長會錯誤地聚焦在刺激他們智力、才能與技巧的發展，進而阻礙了他們的個人、社交以及情感成長，使得他們成為有能力但是卻發想像力且不具適應能力的成人。

Number two, the challenging type.

第二：挑戰型。

Next we have the second type of giftedness, known as the challenging type.

接著是第二種天賦，也被稱為挑戰型。

Type twos are labeled as such because they are often unafraid of challenging others and questioning authority.

第二類人被如此稱呼的原因在於他們通常不會害怕挑戰他人並質疑權威。

Highly creative, tenacious, and unconventional, type twos tend to think outside the box so much that it sometimes makes them difficult to get along with because of how disruptive and nonconforming they can be.

極具創意、頑強且不落於傳統的第二類人很常跳脫框架思考，程度之高讓他們有時顯得難以相處，因為他們可能有搗亂且不服從的表現。

Often receiving little to no recognition for their giftedness, many type twos feel frustrated with the school setting because it stifles their creativity, overlooks their abilities, and keeps them from realizing their full potential.

天賦通常幾乎不會獲得認可的許多第二類人會對校園制度感到沮喪，因為它抑制他們的創意、忽略他們的能力，並阻礙他們完整發掘自己的潛力。

If they don't have a support system in place or have other positive influences in their life, it's likely for type twos to develop delinquent behaviors or eventually drop out of school.

如果他們沒有適宜的支持系統或是生活中沒有其它的正面影響，第二類人很可能會發展出違法的行為或最終輟學。

Number three, the underground type.

第三：隱蔽型。

Type threes, also called the underground types, are gifted individuals who want to try to hide their giftedness from others.

第三類人也被稱為隱蔽型，他們是想要在他人面前隱藏自身天賦的天才。

This may be because they want to feel more included in a non-gifted peer group, feel too much pressure to excel, or dislike the intense scrutiny and attention that giftedness often brings.

這可能是因為他們想要在無天賦的同儕間感到更融入、覺得要表現卓越的壓力太大，或是不喜歡隨著天賦而來的強烈審視與關注。

Those who don't manifest their giftedness until late childhood or early adolescence tend to fall into this category, most likely because that is the age when the desire for belongingness and social approval typically starts to intensify.

直到童年晚期或青少年早期才顯現天賦的人通常會落在這個分類，最可能是因為對於歸屬感以及社會認可的渴望一般都在這個年紀開始強化。

As a result of denying their full capabilities, they may end up feeling insecure and anxious.

否認他們完整能力的結果是，他們最終會感到不安全感與焦慮感。

To remedy this, type threes need a lot of encouragement and understanding, not only from their parents and teachers, but also from their peers.

為了要補救這個狀況，第三類人需要不是來自家長與老師、還有他們同儕的鼓勵和理解。

Number four, the drop-out type.

第四：中輟型。

Another type of gifted individual most people are unaware of is type fours, also known as the drop-out types, or the at-risk types.

另外一種多數人未察覺到的天才類型是第四類人，也被稱為中輟型或危險處境型。

Type fours tend to have a reputation and are labeled as such because they often struggle with feelings of anger, frustration, and depression as a result of their giftedness being overlooked.

第四類人因為他們的天賦被忽視，而通常會有憤怒、沮喪、憂鬱等的情感掙扎，於是會有這樣的風評與標籤。

Similar to type twos, type fours struggle with their self-esteem because they feel rejected and unappreciated by others.

跟第二類雷同，第四類人因為感受到他人的冷落或不感激而在自尊心方面有所掙扎。

Since their interests, skills, and talents don't align with the typical school curriculum, they don't receive the support and affirmation they need from the people around them.

因為他們的興趣、技能與天份都跟典型的校園課程規劃不一致，他們無法從身邊的人身上獲得需要的支持或肯定。

Number five, the double labelled type.

第五：雙標型。

The fifth type of giftedness is the double labelled type, which refers to gifted individuals who have a physical or emotional handicap of some sort.

第五類天賦是雙標型，指的是具有某種身體或情感缺陷的天才。

Most have learning disabilities such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and so on, which can make it difficult for school systems and programs to identify them as gifted.

他們多帶有如閱讀障礙、書寫障礙、計算障礙等學習障礙，可能讓校園系統與學程難以將他們辨識為有天賦的人。

Their handicap may also make it more difficult for them to complete their work on time or to fulfill other structured tasks as easily as other gifted students, which can make them more easily discouraged, frustrated, and critical of themselves.

他們的缺陷也可能讓他們難以在時間內完成課業或跟其他有天才一樣輕鬆地完成有系統的任務，所以讓他們容易對自己感到氣餒、沮喪或批判。

Type fives may also be impatient, stubborn, and sensitive to criticism, which only makes it more important that they're given the proper assistance to nurture their strengths and talents.

第五類人也可能沒有耐心、固執並對批評敏感，所以給予他們培養優點與才能得恰當協助才更加重要。

And number six, the autonomous type.

以及第六：自主型。

Last, but certainly not least, we have the autonomous type, which refers to those gifted individuals who are independent, conscientious, and self-reliant.

最後，同樣重要的是自主型，指涉獨立、一絲不苟且自主的天才。

Similar to type ones, type sixes often find success and recognition because they have learned how to excel in the school setting or have found ways to make the system work for them.

與第一類相似的第六類，其獲得成功與認可的原因通常是因為他們學會如何在校園表現出眾，或是找到讓教育系統對他們有效的方式。

Resourceful and goal-oriented, they are natural-born leaders and are well-respected by those around them.

足智多謀且目標導向的他們是天生的領導者，且被身邊的人們敬重。

And unlike most other types, type sixes often are aware that they're gifted.

跟多數其他類天才不同的是，第六類人通常很清楚自己天賦異稟。

However, because they have such a strong sense of personal power, they are never preoccupied with impressing other people, gaining their approval, or fitting in with their peers.

然而因為他們有如此強烈的個人力量，他們從不會忙於讓別人留下深刻印象、取得他人認可，或融入同儕之間。

So, which type did you relate to the most?

那麼，你對哪一類最有共鳴？

Do you relate to more than one type?

你對其中一類有更強的共鳴嗎？

Let us know in the comments below.

請在留言區讓我們知道。

If you found this video helpful, be sure to like, subscribe, and share this video with those who might benefit from it.

如果你覺得這部影片有幫助，請務必點讚、訂閱，並將影片分享給可能受益的人。

And don't forget to hit the notification bell icon to get notified whenever Psych2Go posts a new video.

別忘了開啟小鈴鐺，在 Psych2G0 上傳新影片時獲得通知。

The references and studies used in this video are added in the description below.

影片當中引用的參考資料與研究都包含在影片下方敘述中。

Thanks for watching, and we'll see you in the next video.

謝謝觀賞，我們下部影片見。