from BBC Learning English.

來自BBC學習英語。

I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

And I'm Georgina.

而我是喬治娜。

Something that affects almost every

幾乎影響到每一個人的事情

woman at some point in her life is

女人在她生命中的某個時刻是

the menopause. The menopause is

更年期。更年期是

a natural part of ageing that happens

衰老的一個自然部分，發生

as a woman's hormones decline and

隨著女性荷爾蒙的下降和

she stops having monthly periods

她不再有月經

and being able to get

並能得到

pregnant naturally.

自然懷孕。

With the menopause comes physical

隨著更年期的到來，身體

signs. These vary from person to

跡象。這些跡象因人而異

person and often include hot flushes,

人，並常常包括潮熱。

mood swings and night sweats.

情緒波動和夜間出汗。

But besides these there may be

但除了這些，可能還有

other changes too and living

也有其他的變化和生活

through it can be isolating,

通過它可能是孤立的。

both personally and

個人和

professionally.

專業上來說。

In many societies the menopause

在許多社會中，更年期

is still taboo - not talked about

仍是禁忌--不被談論

in public for social or religious

在公共場合進行社會或宗教活動

reasons, or because people

的原因，或因為人們

are uncomfortable discussing it.

討論這個問題讓人感到不舒服。

But recently high-profile women

但最近高調的女性

like former First Lady, Michelle

像前第一夫人米歇爾

Obama, have started speaking up.

奧巴馬，已經開始發聲了。

In this programme, we'll be

在這個節目中，我們將

hearing from two other women

聽取其他兩位女士的意見

trying to make the menopause

試圖使更年期

more visible in society -

在社會上更顯眼 -

and, of course, we'll be

當然，我們也會

learning some related vocabulary

學習一些相關的詞彙

as well. But first let me ask

也是如此。但首先讓我問一下

you my quiz question, Georgina.

你是我的測驗問題，喬治娜。

As we mentioned, the menopause

正如我們提到的，更年期

is part of the natural ageing

是自然老化的一部分

process and usually occurs

過程，通常發生在

between the ages of 45 and 55.

年齡在45至55歲之間。

But what is the average age

但是平均年齡是多少呢？

for a woman to reach the

婦人達到了

menopause in Britain?

英國的更年期？

Is it: a) 49?, b) 51?

是：a）49？，b）51？

or c) 53?

或c）53？

I'll jump in the middle

我將跳到中間

and say 51 years old.

並說51歲了。

OK, Georgina, we'll find out

好的，喬治娜，我們會發現的

the answer later in the programme.

節目中稍後會有答案。

Since the menopause is a normal

由於更年期是一個正常的

and natural part of life it's

和生活中的自然部分，它是

surprising how little it's talked

令人驚訝的是，它很少被提及

about. Dr Nighat Arif is a

關於。尼格特-阿里夫博士是一名

British Pakistani family doctor

英國巴基斯坦家庭醫生

specialising in women's

專門研究婦女問題的

health. According to her,

健康。據她說。

the silence around the

周圍的寂靜

subject is because menopause

主題是由於更年期

is about getting old,

是關於變老。

something no one wants

無人問津的東西

to be reminded of.

要提醒的是。

Here is Dr Arif explaining

以下是阿里夫博士的解釋

more to BBC World Service

更多內容請關注BBC世界頻道

programme, The Conversation:

節目，《對話》。

Historically, particularly when

歷史上，特別是當

it comes to women, the older you

談到女人，你的年齡越大

are you're surplus to excess

你是過剩的嗎？

now, that's it, you've done

現在，就這樣了，你已經做了

your dues, you've had your

你的會費，你已經有了你的

children, your use isn't

孩子們，你們的使用並不是

needed anymore in society - but

社會不再需要 - 但

actually women are not like

其實女人並不像

that at all, women are far

這一點上，婦女是遠遠不夠的。

more becoming productive in

更多的成為生產力的

the career and workspace and

職業和工作空間以及

they are the caregivers,

他們是照顧者。

sometimes they are actually

有時他們實際上是

the financial providers

金融供應商

in their home setting as well.

在他們的家庭環境中也是如此。

In many cultures, the traditional

在許多文化中，傳統的

role of women is to have

婦女的作用是要有

children. Dr Arif says that

兒童。阿里夫博士說

after doing this, women may

在這樣做之後，婦女可能

be considered to have

被認為是有

done - or paid - their dues - an

完成--或支付--他們的會費--一個

expression meaning to do

意思是要做的事

everything you are expected

所期望的一切

to do, or to have done your duty.

做，或已經做了你的職責。

After raising children, women

在撫養孩子之後，婦女

are sometimes thought to be

有時被認為是

surplus to excess, something

多餘的東西

which is more than needed, or

這超過了需要，或

in other words, surplus to

換句話說，剩餘的是

requirements - a phrase

要求 - 一個短語

meaning 'no longer required'.

意思是 "不再需要"。

Of course, this isn't true

當然，這不是真的

for all women everywhere,

為世界各地的所有婦女。

but it is surprising how

但令人驚訝的是

unequal men and women's

不平等的男性和女性的

experience of getting older

變老的經驗

can be. Barbara Hannah

可以。芭芭拉-漢納

Grufferman, is an American

格魯弗曼，是一位美國

writer who publishes a regular

定期出版的作家

newsletter, 'The Menopause

新聞通訊，"更年期"（The Menopause

Cheat Sheet', which focuses

小抄"，其重點是

on healthy ageing.

關於健康老齡化。

Here she is speaking with BBC

她在這裡接受BBC的採訪

World Service Programme,

世界服務方案。

The Conversation:

The Conversation:

One of the biggest

最大的一個

complications, I think, is ageism.

我認為，併發症是年齡歧視。

So, if women are entering that

是以，如果女性進入該

age range, 45 and over,

年齡範圍，45歲及以上。

they're already possibly

他們已經可能

feeling the effects of ageism,

感受到年齡歧視的影響。

you know, pointing in their

你知道，指著他們的

direction. And then when

方向。然後當

they add on this layer of

他們在這一層上增加了

having these physical symptoms

有這些身體症狀

that can impact how they're

這可能會影響他們的工作方式

functioning at work and even

在工作中發揮作用，甚至

at home - it's a double whammy.

在家 - 這是一個雙重打擊。

For Barbara Hannah Grufferman,

為芭芭拉-漢娜-格魯夫曼。

one of the biggest barriers

最大的障礙之一

women face is ageism - the

婦女面臨的問題是年齡歧視------。

unfair treatment of older

對老年人的不公平待遇

people because of their age.

因為他們的年齡。

Just as racism and sexism

就像種族主義和性別歧視一樣

discriminate against people

歧視人

because of their race or

因為他們的種族或

gender, ageism values older

性別，年齡歧視的價值 老年人

people less than the young.

人比年輕人少。

As we mentioned before, the

正如我們之前提到的，

menopause brings physical

更年期帶來的身體

signs such as hot flushes

體徵，如潮熱

or night sweats. These

或夜間出汗。這些

signs are known as symptoms -

跡象被稱為症狀 -

things wrong with your body

身體有問題

or mind that are signs of

或心態的跡象，是

some illness or bodily process.

某種疾病或身體過程。

So menopausal women suffer

是以，絕經期婦女遭受

physical symptoms, as well

身體症狀，以及

as possibly dealing with

因為可能涉及到

discrimination based on

基於以下原因的歧視

their age. Barbara Hannah

他們的年齡。芭芭拉-漢納

Grufferman calls this a double

格魯弗曼稱這是一個雙重

whammy - an informal way

重擊--一種非正式的方式

to describe a situation where

來描述一種情況，即

two unpleasant things happen

發生兩件不愉快的事

at the same time.

在同一時間。

The menopause can be a

更年期可以是一個

difficult time in a woman's life.

在婦女生活中的困難時期。

But with age comes wisdom and

但隨著年齡的增長，智慧和

experience and in more and

經驗，並在更多和

more societies around the

更多世界各地的社會

world the menopause is

更年期的世界是

being talked about more openly.

正在被更公開地談論。

Speaking of which, what

說到這裡，什麼

was the answer to

是對

your question, Sam?

你的問題，山姆？

In my quiz question I

在我的問答題中，我

asked about the average

問及平均

age for British women

英國婦女的年齡

to reach menopause.

以達到更年期。

I said it was c) 51.

我說是C）51。

Which was... the correct

這就是......正確的

answer! Although for some

答案!雖然對於一些

women menopause can start

婦女的更年期可以開始

as early as in their 40s.

早在40多歲的時候就有了。

OK, let's recap the

好吧，讓我們回顧一下

vocabulary from this programme

本方案中的詞彙

starting with taboo - something

忌諱開始--東西

which is forbidden for social

嚴禁用於社會

or religious reasons.

或宗教原因。

To pay your dues means

支付你的會費意味著

to do your duty.

來履行你的職責。

Surplus to requirements

超出要求

means to be no longer needed.

是指不再需要。

Ageism is the unfair treatment

年齡歧視是不公平的待遇

of older people because

的老年人，因為

of their age.

他們的年齡。

Symptom is a sign of illness.

症狀是疾病的徵兆。

And finally, a double whammy

最後，一個雙重打擊

is a situation where two

是一種情況，即兩個

unpleasant things happen at once.

不愉快的事情一下子就發生了。

That's all from us, but we

這都是我們的事，但我們

hope to see you again soon.

希望很快再見到你。

Bye for now!

暫時再見

Goodbye!

再見!