Name: 密切關注美國國會｜2021年9月28日 (A Close Eye On The U.S. Congress | September 28, 2021)
Uploaded: 2021-10-04T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

A shortage of fuel, sightings of whales, and one macho terrier are all featured this Tuesday on CNN10.

本週二的 CNN 10 為您帶來英國燃油短缺、紐約鯨魚保育及狗狗刷新短跑世界紀錄的消息。

I'm Carl Azuz, and we're thankful to have you watching.

我是 Carl Azuz，歡迎收看我們的節目。

We're starting in Washington, D.C., where lawmakers are grappling with some major pieces of legislation this week.

首先是來自華盛頓的消息。這一周，美國國會正努力推動一些重要法案的通過。

One of them is funding for the US government⏤that's expected to expire on September 30th.

其中一個是將於 9 月 30 日到期的聯邦預算案。

If lawmakers can't push that through before the end of this week, a government shutdown is possible.

如果國會無法在本週末前通過聯邦預算案，美國政府可能又要關門了。

That doesn't mean the country shuts down, but it can send hundreds of thousands of federal workers home without pay and it can suspend some government services until Congress passes a funding bill.

美國政府陷入停擺不意味著國家關閉，但數十萬名聯邦公務員會因此被停薪放假，部分公共服務會被暫停，直到國會通過預算案。

One hold-up with the current funding bill is that it would raise the US debt ceiling.

聯邦預算案在國會被擋下來的其中一個原因是，這項預算案會進一步推高美國債務上限。

That's the limit on what the government is allowed to borrow as it spends more money than it takes in.

所謂債務上限，指的是政府被允許借貸的限額，因為美國政府的支出比收入多，所以需要借貸來應付開銷。

Congress has always raised the limit when the US reached it, but it's not a politically popular thing to do.

以往，國會總是配合美國政府債務的攀升而提高上限，但不是每個政治人物都認同這種做法。

So Democrats want Republicans to help raise that ceiling while Republicans want Democrats to raise the limit on their own.

民主黨議員希望共和黨議員可以協助提高該上限，然而向來反對提高上限的共和黨議員們則要佔多數席次的民主黨自己看著辦。

What remains to be seen is whether Democrats, who control Congress, will separate the debt ceiling vote from the government spending vote in an effort to get the bills passed.

接下來，控制國會的民主黨會不會將提高債務上限從聯邦預算案中分割出來，以提高法案被通過的成功率？讓我們繼續看下去～

There are two other spending bills that Congress is debating.

此外，國會也正為另外兩項支出法案進行辯論。

One of them is a 1-trillion-dollar infrastructure package⏤money for roads, bridges, waterways, railroads, electric vehicles, and charging stations.

其中之一是推動道路、橋樑、河道、鐵路、電動車和充電站建設，規模達 1 兆美元的基礎建設法案。

Some Republicans have joined Democrats in supporting this bill.

部分共和黨議員已經表態將和民主黨議員站在同一陣線，支持這一項法案。

The other piece of legislation is a larger 3.5-trillion-dollar social policy bill.

至於另一個規模更大，總值達 3.5 兆美元的社會政策法案。

It would spend more on immigration reform, universal preschool, free community college, climate-related policies, and public housing.

則是關於撥款推動移民改革、普及學前教育、免費社區大學、氣候相關政策和公共住房等措施。

No Republicans support this bill and there's some disagreement among Democrats over it as well.

這項法案並不獲得共和黨議員支持，甚至民主黨內部之間也持不同的意見。

The reason why all of this is being so closely watched is because these packages include major legislative priorities of President Joe Biden.

這些法案之所以獲得密切關注，是因為這些方案都承襲了拜登總統的大願景。

If they don't get passed, the fallout could affect his presidency in the coming years.

如果這些法案不被通過，很可能會影響拜登接下來作為總統的威信。

10-second trivia: In what country would you find the Jurassic Coast?

10 秒問答！侏羅紀海岸位於哪一個國家？

Argentina, Britain, Costa Rica, or New Zealand?

阿根廷、英國、哥斯達黎加還是紐西蘭？

Landmarks, landforms, cliffs and rocks characterize the Jurassic Coast in the southern United Kingdom.

答案是英國！侏羅紀海岸位於英國南部，有著獨特的地形、懸崖和岩石。

The United Kingdom has more than 8,000 gas stations, according to the British Broadcasting Corporation, and most of them are either out of gas or running out fast.

據英國廣播公司報道，全英國有 8000 多個加油站，目前目前大部分的加油站不是沒油就是快沒油了。

Leading companies in Britain's fuel industry say there's actually plenty of gasoline in the country.

英國燃油主要供應商對此表示，該國的燃油供應充足。

The problem is, it's located at refineries and terminals, not gas stations, and a big part of the crisis is that there's a shortage of tanker truck drivers to get the fuel from A to B.

那英國為什麼還會出現燃油短缺呢？原因是油罐車司機不足，所以燃油只能暫時先存放在煉油廠和碼頭，無法被運送至加油站。

而導致情況進一步惡化的，是民眾搶購燃油的行為。

Experts say people who are afraid of running out of gas are topping off their tanks or storage cans when they don't actually need it, and that that's hurting availability.

專家表示，即便沒有迫切的燃油需求，但人們出於恐懼，紛紛開車到加油站加滿油或使用油桶搶囤燃油，加劇燃油的短缺問題。

Suppliers think that once panic buying settles down, demand will drop down to its normal levels and pumps will once again have gasoline.

供應商認為，只要可以平復民眾的搶購情緒，英國國內對燃油的需求就會下降到正常水準，並恢復正常供應。

In the short term, though, lines are long⏤some cars have been abandoned after running out of fuel, and the leader of a gas sales association says there's no single action the industry and the government can take to solve the crisis.

看起來短期內，我們還會繼續看到加油站大排長龍。甚至還有人遺棄了耗盡燃料後的汽車。而天然燃油售協會的領導人認為，該行業和政府都無法解決這個危機。

Well, despite petrol pumps like this one in Central London having run dry, the government says that there is no national fuel shortage, rather just localized supply chain issues exacerbated by a lack of lorry or truck drivers across the country.

雖然倫敦市中心的加油站已經出現缺油的狀況，不過政府仍表示這是英國缺少卡車和貨車司機所導致的局部性地區供應問題。

This is something that supermarkets have been contending with for weeks that's affected their fresh produce delivery.

本地超市過去幾週也疲於應對由燃油短缺引發的農產品運送問題。

And now, what we're seeing is this labor shortage showing up at places like this Shell garage behind me.

除了燃油短缺外，勞工短缺的問題也日漸浮現。目前我所在的加油站也是人手短缺的受害者之一。

What can the government do about it? Well, it says that this supply chain problem is largely linked to COVID.

政府能做些什麼嗎？對於這個問題，政府把責任歸咎於 COVID 疫情。

Experts in the sector also say that Brexit is playing its part, too, because remember that visa rules are now more restrictive now that the UK has left the EU.

除了疫情，燃油供應行業的專家認為，英國脫歐或多或少也對燃油供應問題造成影響，因為自英國離開歐盟起就收緊了簽證的審核措施。

The government could reverse temporarily some of those restrictions, and say the delivery drivers are essentially highly skilled workers, whatever the difference.

建議政府可以暫時放寬簽證限制，甚至把貨運司機當成高級技術人員引進英國都可以。

Industry body experts say the government needs to act fast if it's to make sure that scenes like these aren't replicated across the rest of the country and, also, that goods continue to flow across the UK.

燃油業專家說，政府必須迅速採取應對行動，避免問題蔓延至英國其他地區，並確保全國商品穩定供應。

Nina dos Santos，CNN 倫敦採訪報道。

When you look at top places for whale-watching, it's no surprise that California, Washington State, Alaska, and British Columbia all rank on the travel channel's list.

一提到賞鯨，你是不是第一個就先想到加州、華盛頓、阿拉斯加和英屬哥倫比亞省？

But there is a big migratory pathway for large whales not far from the coast of New York State.

但是，在離紐約州海岸不遠處有一條大型鯨魚的洄游通道。

And while that allows for sightings of amazing animals close to where a lot of people live, it also creates some challenges: busy shipping lanes, offshore wind farms, productive fishing grounds, they're also there.

這使我們有機會在人口密集區看到鯨魚這個神奇的動物，但這個現象也帶來了一些挑戰，因為這條洄遊通道坐落在一條繁忙的航道上，附近還有海上風電場、漁產養殖場。

New York's waterways may be best known for skyline views and crowded shipping lanes.

紐約港向來以美麗的天際線和航道繁忙聞名。

Yet these busy waters also harbor a rich community of marine mammals.

不過，紐約這個繁忙的水域也孕育了許多海洋哺乳動物。

Local whale species include the iconic humpback, fin whales, and the endangered North Atlantic right whale.

標誌性的座頭鯨、鰭鯨和瀕危的北大西洋露脊鯨，都是經常現身於紐約港的鯨魚物種。

These photographs captured thanks to a multi-year aerial survey conducted by Tetra Tech and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

Tetra Tech 和紐約州環保環保部門多年來在紐約港進行空拍研究，拍下了許多鯨魚現身的珍貴畫面。

Right off of our shores, you know, in less than the average distance that, you know, a New Yorker or someone from the Tri-state area would commute, these great whales are here.

你知道那個感覺有多神奇嗎？鯨魚就在紐約岸外不遠處，在紐約都會區人們的通勤路線中間。

Wildlife Conservation Society scientist Howard Rosenbaum studies the whale population here in the New York Bight, the area between Long Island and the New Jersey coast.

野生動物保護協會的科學家 Howard Rosenbaum 常年研究出沒於紐約灣—長島和紐澤西海岸之間地區的鯨魚。

His mission? To use the latest research methods to protect the whales.

他的使命是使用最新的研究方法來保護鯨魚。

This is one of the busiest urban waterways on the planet and they face threats such as, you know, impacts from shipping, which could include ship strikes or ocean noise, incidental entanglement in fishing gear.

這裡是地球上最繁忙的現代水道之一，所以在這裡生活的鯨魚面臨著航運帶來的各種威脅，如被往來的船舶撞到或海洋噪音、漁具的纏繞等。

These areas in the New York Bight along the east coast, you know, under this administration are slated for extensive renewable energy development, which the planet needs.

目前紐約灣東岸一帶也被規劃為可再生能源發展區。

So we just want to make sure that it's done with the best environmental and management practices possible so that wildlife and renewable energy can coexist.

所以我們得盡可能做好環境管理，讓野生動物和可再生能源可以共存。

In partnership with Norwegian company, Equinor, which has a major offshore wind project in New York, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, the WCS has deployed two acoustic buoys to detect whale calls in real time.

野生動物保護協會在與負責紐約大型岸外風力發電計劃的挪威公司 Equinor 和伍茲霍爾海洋研究所的合作下部署了 2 個聲納浮標，以實時偵測鯨魚的叫聲。

If you can imagine when a whale vocalizes in the New York Bight, like, for example, an North Atlantic right whale, we can actually detect those animals; I can get an alert on my cell phone.

一旦有鯨魚，譬如北大西洋露脊鯨在紐約灣發出叫聲，機器就能偵測到牠們的存在並發送警報到我的手機裡。

And when that happens, at a certain level right now, the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration is requesting ships to slow down.

到時候我們就可以透過國家海洋大氣管理局，要求船舶放慢行駛速度。

In the future, Rosenbaum says this alert system could be used to mandate boat slowdowns or to directly alert developers and shippers to the presence of whales so that they can pause noisy or potentially harmful activities.

Rosenbaum 放眼使用警報系統來監督船隻的航行速度，或即時提醒開發商和運輸業者暫停噪音或可能對鯨魚有害的活動。

It's a great tool and a great use of the technology that we can begin to use and harness the power of that to help better protect whales.

這是一個很好的工具和技術，幫助我們更好地保護鯨魚。

Rosenbaum's team also takes and analyzes genetic samples from the whales in order to understand more about how this population connects to others, like how they feed and breed.

Rosenbaum 的團隊也從鯨魚身上提取並分析基因樣本，以更瞭解鯨魚與其他種群的聯繫，比如牠們如何進食和繁殖。

We're also trying some new work, which is called Environmental DNA or EDNA, and with that, we're actually able to detect whale presence and what they're eating just by collecting the water sample.

我們也在嘗試做一些新的分析，稱為環境 DNA 或 EDNA。通過採集水的樣本就可以偵測到鯨魚是否存在及在吃什麼。

By combining information from genetic and acoustic research, the scientists aim to understand a lot more about the whales and their behavior to find practical solutions to the challenges facing these New York ocean giants.

科學家們將基因和聲納研究的資訊結合起來，以更了解鯨魚和牠們的行為，幫助這群大塊頭們找出在紐約港生存的方法。

棒球界有這麼一號人物—— Evar 或 Avar Swanson。

Even you baseball fanatics might not know that name, but Swanson holds the world record for the fastest sprint around the bases⏤he ran it in 13.3 seconds.

也許連棒球鐵粉都不知道他是誰，但 Swanson 是繞壘衝刺最快的世界紀錄保持者—他的紀錄為13.3秒。

Well, that's the fastest sprint for a human, but at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, a Russell Terrier was recently unleashed to chase down the record for a dog⏤and he caught it!

這是人類最快的短跑紀錄。但是，在加利福尼亞州洛杉磯的道奇體育場，一隻羅素梗最近挑戰了狗狗短跑的最快記錄，並挑戰成功。

His trainer reportedly spent more than a year teaching him how to do this, and when Macho finally came home, his time was 21.06 seconds.

據報道，狗狗的訓練師花了一年多的時間把牠變成短跑選手，並在現場跑出了 21.06 秒的好成績。

Nothing cheesy 'bout Macho⏤while he was having a "ball", three left turns put him right in the record books.

這個好成績也刷新了世界紀錄。

People now know him on a first-name basis; he deserves his own card 'cause he's "tops".

Its official: Macho is a baseball diamond in the "rough"!

I'm Carl Azuz, and it's time to get "Loudon".

我是 Carl Azuz，今天我們要點名感謝的學校是 Loudon。

We're shouting out Loudon, Tennessee, today; it's home to Loudon High School.

沒錯！就是田納西州的 Loudon 高中！

Thank you for subscribing and commenting on our YouTube channel⏤as you know, that is the only way to get your school mentioned on our show.

感謝你們訂閱和在我們的 Youtube 頻道留言。正如大家所知，如果你希望在節目中被點名，訂閱和留言就對了。