I don't.

我才不會哩。

But with the exception of new parents and six-year-olds, most of us don't talk about it.

但除了新任父母和六歲兒童以外，我們大多數人都不會去刻意談論它。

But could our number twos be the answer to some of the world's biggest problems?

但我們的大號會不會其實是解決世界上重大問題的解答呢？

The average adult flushes away 730 liters of pee and around 91kg of feces every year.

一名成年人每年平均會將 730 公升的尿液與 91 公斤的糞便沖下馬桶。

But are we missing a trick?

但我們是不是其實浪費了一個大好機會？

In Ancient Rome, no human waste went to waste.

在古代羅馬，沒有人的排泄物會被浪費掉。

Untreated excrement was used as manure in kitchen gardens, while urine was used to produce fabric.

未經處理的排洩物會被用來作為菜園裡的肥料，而尿液則被用來紡織布料。

In Henry VIII's time, one of the country's top positions was Groom of the Stool.

在英王亨利八世的時代，宮廷侍從官是當時國家的最高職位之一。

Wiping the king's bottom was well worth it for the benefit of having his ear.

幫國王如廁後擦屁股是非常值得的，因為如此一來便能在國王耳邊美言幾句。

"About that castle..."

「關於那座城堡...」

Cesspits were emptied overnight by gong farmers who sold the content to local farmers.

糞坑被糞農們連夜清空，而其中的排洩物則被賣給當地農民。

Urine was collected and used to soften leather.

尿液則被收集起來用於軟化皮革。

While it's probably sensible to leave untreated manure in the past where it belongs—think of the pathogens—we can learn from our predecessors' attitude to poo.

雖然我們最好是別像過去一樣把未經處理的糞便搬來搬去 (想想看病原菌的問題吧)，但我們仍能學習祖先對待便便的物盡其用態度。

It could be the solution to some of our most pressing problems of today.

便便可能會是能解決今日我們所面對的一些迫切問題的關鍵解答。

Let's start with our need for energy.

讓我們從對能源的需求開始吧。

Unlike solar or wind power, which can be unreliable, all it takes is a healthy fiber intake to ensure a constant supply of poo.

與有時不甚可靠的太陽能或風力發電不同，只要我們飲食中攝取了足夠多的健康纖維，就能夠穩定提供便便來發電。

Now that's a whole other kind of wind power.

這可比風力發電來的「便」利多了。

The sludge left behind after sewage is processed is good raw material for generating methane.

在經過汙水處理後所留下來的淤泥，是用來產生甲烷的良好原料。

Modern treatment plants add bacteria to the sludge, generating bio-gas, which can be piped to homes or used to power vehicles.

現代的汙水處理廠會在淤泥中加入細菌，藉此生成能夠藉由管線輸送至家中，或者用來驅動汽車的生物燃氣。

It's a much cleaner fuel than petrol or diesel.

這是一種比汽油或機油更潔淨的燃料。

While poo has plenty of uses, there's a reason wee is number one.

雖然便便確實用途多多，但尿尿身為一號的名諱可不是叫假的。

Seventy two percent of global water use is in agriculture, and population increases coupled with climate change will only exacerbate the demand for water.

全球有百分之七十二的用水被用在農業方面，而面對人口增長再加上氣候變化的影響，我們對水的需求只會不斷增長。

Some countries could face having populations displaced by water scarcity within the decade.

在十年之內，某些國家的人民便可能會因為缺水的問題而流離失所。

In addition to the two liters of pee each adult in the UK produces daily, each adult also sends around 140 liters of water used at home down the drain.

在英國的成年人除了每天尿出兩公升的尿液以外，還會在家中將大約 140 公升的汙水排進下水道中。

Could recycling that water save the planet from apocalyptic droughts?

如果能循環利用這些水的話，我們是否就能拯救地球免於災難性的乾旱？

Absolutely.

絕對可以。

The technology is available and already in use.

這種技術早已開發成熟，而且已被投入使用。

Israel currently captures almost 90% of used water which is recycled to provide a whopping 56,000 Olympic swimming pools' worth of water annually for agricultural use.

以色列目前已將幾乎 90% 的用水量循環使用，每年可以回收到能夠填滿 56,000 個奧運規格泳池的水量供農業使用。

Speaking of agriculture, every living thing relies on phosphorous to survive.

說到農業，地球上的每個生物都需要磷才能生存。

But due to chronic overmining, it's a rapidly declining natural resource which can't be replenished.

但由於長期遭到過度開採，磷成為了一種迅速減少，且無法被補充的自然資源。

The US, China and India might run out of their domestic supplies in the next generation.

美國、中國和印度的國內儲備量很可能會在下一代時耗盡。

Without adding this vital nutrient to farmland, humanity could only produce around half the food it does today.

而如果不在農田中添加這種重要的營養物質，人類只能生產目前產量一半左右的食物。

We could however emulate our ancestors and return our sewage to the soil, making use of solutions such as composting toilets, or the nutrient-rich dried residue left over from bio-gas generation.

然而我們可以效仿我們的祖先，利用堆肥廁所，或是生產生物燃氣後所留下具豐富營養價值的乾燥殘渣等解決方案，將我們的汙水回饋到土壤中。

Reinventing the toilet could also be a gamechanger for 4.2 billion people currently living without access to safe sanitation.

重新發明出全新的馬桶，則能徹底改變目前全球仍無法以衛生條件完備的方式如廁 42 億人口的生活。

Innovative toilet designs that operate without water could help prevent the deaths of an estimated 800 children under five each day.

利用不需用水便能使用的創新馬桶設計，每天大約能夠拯救 800 名五歲以下兒童免於喪命。

Bill Gates predicts this developing toilet market would not only be lifesaving but lucrative.

比爾·蓋茲預測了這個蓬勃發展中的馬桶市場不僅可以拯救生命，而且還能帶來豐厚的利潤。

By 2030, toilets could become a six billion US dollar market, with every dollar spent providing a $5 return.

到 2030 年，廁所有望成為一個 60 億美元的市場，而每投資一美元，就有五美元的回報。

While poo remains a word that never fails to raise a giggle, your fecal matter is no laughing matter.

雖然便便永遠都會是個光是說出口就令人發笑的詞，你的屎尿問題可是有舉足輕重的影響力。

If we act now, poo may very well help to save the planet.

如果我們現在立刻採取行動，「便」很有機會能拯救地球。