Name: 【CNN10】加那利群島火山噴發、海馬保護行動 | 2021年9月21日(All About Science And Nature | September 21, 2021)
Uploaded: 2021-09-27T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Stars and nature headlined today's show and we've even got some cheese to top things off later.

在今天的節目中，我們會聊到星星和大自然，還會聊到好吃的起司。

I'm Carl Azuz, it's great to have you watching.

我是 Carl Azuz，歡迎回到我們的節目。

A couple of hundred miles off the northwestern coast of Africa is where you'll find the Canary Islands.

在非洲西北岸外數百英里處有一個美麗的島嶼群，它們被稱為加那利群島。

This archipelago is officially a part of Spain, and that's why Spain's Prime Minister traveled there this week.

加那利群島是西班牙的領地，因為這個原因，我們看到西班牙首相本週現身當地。

He wanted to get a firsthand look at a volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma.

首相此行是為了第一時間掌握拉帕馬島火山爆發的災情。

For the first time in 50 years, the Cumbre Vieja Volcano had a major eruption on Sunday.

禮拜天的大爆發是老峰火山 50 年來第一次爆發。

It wasn't a complete surprise⏤Spanish volcanologists said they detected more than 25,000 earthquakes around the volcano over the past couple weeks.

西班牙的火山學家說，他們早在過去幾個禮拜就在火山周圍探測到了超過 25,000 次的地震，所以對這一次的火山爆發並不意外。

Still, emergency workers evacuated 5,000 people from the area closest to Cumbre Vieja⏤more than 80,000 in all live on the island of La Palma.

不過為安全起見，緊急救援人員還是疏散了住在老峰火山附近的 5,000 名居民，拉帕瑪島上住著超過 80,000 人口。

And while officials say no injuries or deaths have been reported from the eruption, some houses have been damaged or destroyed, and at least one highway has been cut off by lava.

據西班牙官方人員表示，目前為止，火山爆發並未造成任何傷亡，不過島上有一些房屋被噴發的熔岩損壞或摧毀，還有至少一條公路被熔岩切斷。

Hundreds of firefighters have been mustered to guard against any blazes the flowing lava might cause.

當地政府召集數百名消防員，對災情進行持續監控。

Residents have been told to keep their distance from the volcano; ships have been told to steer clear of the waters around Cumbre Vieja because lava flowing into the sea could be a threat to them.

居民被告知要與火山保持距離，船隻被要求避開老峰火山附近的水域，因為流入海中的熔岩可能對他們構成威脅。

The Canary Islands are a popular tourist spot for European and other visitors⏤400 of them were evacuated from a hotel in La Palma and taken to another island.

作為熱門旅遊勝地，加那利群島每年接待許多歐洲和其他國家遊客。在這一次的火山爆發中，400 名遊客被當局從拉帕馬的一家飯店接到另一個島上。

A Canary Islands government official says the eruption of molten lava and ash is likely to continue for days.

加那利群島上的一位政府官員透露，未來這幾天，熔岩和火山灰可能會持續噴發。

With about 1,500 volcanoes on Earth, it's no wonder we worry about these mountains of molten rock.

全球共有多達 1,500 座火山，這些熔岩山一旦爆發起來非同小可，所以火山的活動長期受到人們關注。

More than 80% of the Earth's surface above and below sea level is volcanic, and deep below, the Earth's tectonic plates are always moving.

海平面以上和以下，超過 80% 地表面積都是由火山構成，在地表之下，構造板塊總是在移動。

Most volcanic activity occurs where these plates collide.

而當這些板塊在地球內部產生碰撞時，就會引發火山活動。

Deep within the earth, it is so hot that rock slowly melt and become magma.

地球內部的溫度非常高，高到岩石也被融化成為岩漿。

Because this flowing substance is lighter than the rocks around it, it rises.

也因為這種流動的物質重量比周圍的岩石來得輕，所以岩漿就會上升。

When some of these tectonic plates shift, the magma rises even higher.

隨著一些構造板塊移動，岩漿上升得更高。

Some of the magma pushes through the cracks in the Earth's crust⏤at vents and at fissures⏤and reaches the surface where it is then called lava.

一些岩漿通過地殼的裂縫——噴溢道和裂隙冒出地表，成為人們口中的熔岩。

What kind of eruption the volcano will have, depends on the properties of the magma.

火山爆發的激烈程度取決於不同的岩漿特性。

Thin and runny magma means gas trying to escape can do so easily.

如果是稀淡的岩漿，則火山氣體比較容易逸散。

When this happens, the lava will flow out of the volcano.

在這種情況下，熔岩通常只會溫和地從火山口溢流出來。

We've seen this with Hawaii's volcanoes because the lava flows slowly, people can get away quickly, and it rarely results in victims.

夏威夷的火山爆發就是屬於溫和型爆發，因為熔岩流動速度慢，讓人們可以迅速逃脫，不至於危及人命。

But thick and sticky magma is a different story.

不過，濃稠的岩漿又是另外一回事了。

There's less room for gases to escape and the pressure mounts.

在濃稠的岩漿中，氣體不容易散失，這時候氣體壓力就會變大。

Gas gets trapped in the magma, which then explodes at the surface.

氣體被困於岩漿中，直到壓力超過負荷，在地表產生猛烈爆炸。

This is called an explosive eruption, and we've seen it with Mt. Edna in Sicily and Mt. St. Helen's in the US.

這種噴發方式被稱為爆裂噴發，義大利西西里島的埃特納火山和美國的聖海倫火山就是爆裂噴發的例子之一。

10-second trivia: Which of these fish can only survive in saltwater?

10 秒問答！這些魚類中，哪些只能在鹹水中生存？

Sockeye salmon, Bull shark, Atlantic stingray, or Seahorse.

紅鮭魚、公牛鯊、大西洋魟魚和海馬。

All of these fish have been found in oceans and freshwater rivers except for the seahorse, which only lives in saltwater.

以上魚類都可以同時生活在鹹水和淡水中，除了海馬。海馬只能在鹹水中生存。

Seahorses, as you're about to see, are fascinating creatures; they can be as small as an inch or as large as a foot long.

你即將看到的海馬是一種迷人的生物，它們的體型最小可以小到一英寸，最大可以長到一英尺左右。

They're found in warm and cold waters all over the world, but they can be threatened by a fishing practice called bottom trawling.

你可以在世界各地溫暖和寒冷的水域發現它們的蹤影，不過目前它們的性命正面對著底拖網捕魚的威脅。

This is when a boat tows a weighted net along the ocean floor.

這是一艘漁船用底拖網捕魚的畫面。

It's very effective in catching large amounts of popular seafood from crab and shrimp to flounder and whiting, and improvements in the methods and nets used have reduced the environmental problems that bottom trawling can cause.

這種捕魚方式對於捕捉螃蟹、蝦、比目魚和白鮭這類受歡迎的海鮮非常有效，而且改良後的底拖網捕魚法和漁網已經減少了可能對環境造成的問題。

But according to Amanda Vincent, a university professor and Rolex Awards laureate, bottom trawling is still a danger to seahorses, and she's working to protect them.

不過，大學教授兼勞力士雄才偉略大獎得主阿曼達·文森表示，底拖網捕魚法仍然威脅了海馬的生存。於是，她展開了一系列的海馬拯救行動。

I think the first time you ever look at a seahorse, you're fascinated by them; they're almost mythical.

你第一次看到海馬就會被它們迷住；它們幾乎是神話般的存在。

Fabled fish of the ancient gods and now an aquarium favorite.

從神話中的傳奇生物變成水族館的寵兒.

Meet the Tigertail, the Hedgehog, and the Pygmy, some of the 46 known species of seahorse that scientists have struggled to identify due to their expertise in camouflage, which helps them avoid predators.

虎尾海馬、棘海馬和豆丁海馬是目前已知的 46 種海馬之一。因為這群動物擅於偽裝以躲避捕食者，所以多年來科學家花費了大量時間來識別它們。

They change color when they court; they form permanent pair bonds; the male and female come together and dance every morning.

它們在求愛的時候會改變顏色，而且非常專情，一旦相守就是永遠；雄性和雌性海馬每天早上還會一起跳舞。

I mean, these animals are the coolest fish, they really are.

One predator that seahorses haven't been able to avoid is humans.

雖然擅於偽裝，不過海馬始終逃不過一個天敵的魔掌，那就是人類。

Their habitats in coral reefs, sea grasses, and mangroves across the world are increasingly under threat.

海馬的棲息地——世界各地的珊瑚礁、海草、紅樹林正遭受大肆破壞。

The biggest single threat to seahorses is bottom trawling, every day.

而海馬每天面對的生存危機，則是漁民採取的底拖網捕魚法。

Hundreds of thousands of trawlers scrape the ocean bottom, and they remove everything in their path, leaving devastation behind and its annihilation fishing, pure and simple, and it has to stop.

成千上萬的漁船不斷來回搜刮海底，把沿途所有海底生物打包帶走，徒留對環境的破壞，這種毀滅式的捕魚法必須停止。

Amanda Vincent is a marine conservationist and one of the world's leading experts on seahorses.

阿曼達·文森是一位海洋保護主義者，也是世界上領先的海馬專家之一。

She has spent over 30 years studying these tiny creatures with big personalities.

她花了 30 多年的時間來研究這些有著大個性的小動物。

We usually tell people not to touch a seahorse if you see it, but I've had to touch them in my professional work and it's riveting.

我們通常會勸告人們不要觸碰海馬，但為了做好研究工作，我不得不觸碰這些小不點，而這種與海馬近距離接觸的感覺讓人心情激動。

You tickle their little tails and they let go of whatever they're holding and they grasp your hand instead.

你只要伸手撓撓它們的小尾巴，它們就會放開一切它們掌握的東西，轉而抓住你的手。

I mean, when did you last have a fish hold your hand?

It's just a feeling, an instant surge of connection with this animal.

那一瞬間，你感覺自己和這個小動物有所連結。

Vincent co-founded "Project Seahorse" in 1996, a conservation and research organization which campaigns for stronger regulations on fishing practices and wildlife trade.

文森在 1996 年與夥伴共同發起了國際海馬保育組織「海馬計畫」，專門保育和研究海馬，並倡議更嚴格監管破壞性捕魚行為和野生動物交易。

They have succeeded in changing national and international legislation to help protect seahorses and established 35 marine protected areas in the Philippines, home to 10 species of seahorse.

他們成功地促使國家和國際立法保護海馬，並在擁有 10 種海馬的菲律賓建立了 35 個海洋保護區。

During her research, Vincent uncovered a huge global trade in seahorses, a popular ingredient in Chinese medicine worldwide, including in her native Canada.

文森在從事海馬研究工作期間發現全球海馬的交易量驚人。海馬在全球都被視為高級中藥材，包括她的祖國加拿大都受到極大歡迎。

We tallied it up to be 20, 30 million animals a year, among about 80 countries⏤it was huge.

全球大約 80 個國家平均一年消費 2,000 萬至 3,000 萬隻海馬——這個數量非常龐大。

In terms of number of individual animals traded, it's one of the biggest wildlife trades by far.

就交易的單一動物品種而言，海馬是迄今為止最大宗的野生動物交易之一。

So it was really important to take action.

We then generated the first-ever export controls on marine fishes.

官方在我們的建議下，破天荒設下第一種海洋魚類的出口限制。

That led to a lot of countries actually closing down their seahorse trade legally.

在連鎖效應下，許多國家合法地終止了海馬交易。

After a lifelong crusade against harmful fishing methods,  Vincent is always on the lookout for sustainable alternatives, and she finds it here in the village of Steveston in Vancouver.

除了抵抗破壞性的捕魚行為，文森也一直設法找到具有永續能力的捕魚方式，而溫哥華史蒂文森漁村的環保做法，引起了她的注意。

- Hey, you've got spot prawns.  - We have live spot prawns.

- 嘿！你今天有賣斑點蝦！- 對啊，我們今天捕到了斑點蝦。

They're caught by traps⏤no habitat destruction, no bycatch of other animals⏤they're the only shrimp I ever eat.

這些斑點蝦是用陷阱捕獲的——沒有破壞棲息地，沒有誤捕其他動物。它們是我唯一會吃的蝦。

Questioning where your seafood comes from is one way to help protect marine life, Vincent says

文森說，在購買海產時開口詢問海鮮的產地，也是其中一種可以保護海洋生物的方式。

If you can avoid eating anything connected with bottom trawling, you will have done a great service to the ocean.

避免吃用底拖網捕魚法捕撈的海產，就已經算是為海洋做巨大貢獻。

And for Vincent, serving the ocean means making us fall in love with these mysterious mythical creatures.

而文森保護海洋的方式，是讓更多人認識並愛上海馬這種既神秘又具有傳奇色彩的神話生物。

I find that when you talk seahorses, everybody cares.

我發現人們其實不排斥討論海馬。

Essentially, we're using seahorses to help save the seas; if we get it right for these funky little fishes, we will have done a lot for the ocean.

所以我們用海馬的故事吸引更多人對海洋保育的注意，如果我們能成功為這些小魚引起關注，就已經是很大的進步了。

地球是一個值得我們保護的星球。

Tell us how you're answering the call with the hashtag #CallToEarth.

用標籤 #CallToEarth 的方式告訴我們，你會怎麼響應文森保護地球的呼籲。

In fact, as part of the new partnership with the Rolex luxury watch company, CNN is highlighting a planet worth protecting with the first-ever "Called To Earth Day".

事實上，配合不久前與勞力士豪華手錶公司落實的新合作關係，CNN 呈獻了以「地球日」為主題的系列報導。

並將 11 月 10 日定為活動推展日。

If you or your school would like to learn more, please visit CNN.com/calltoEarth.

如果你或你的學校想了解更多，瀏覽 CNN.com/calltoEarth。

It's not everyday someone tries to break the world record for the longest piece of string cheese. But hey, at the Weyauwega Star Dairy in Weyauwega, Wisconsin, breaking cheesy records is what they're all about.

美國威斯康辛州 Weyauwega 市一家乳製品加工廠 Weyauwega Star Dairy 締造了最長起司的吉尼斯世界紀錄。

More than 1,700 people took hold of the single piece of cheese as it was unraveled from a tractor.

紀錄挑戰者用拖拉機搬運起司條，並找來了 1,700 多人幫忙托住這長長一條的起司。

After it doubled back, people held part of a 3,832-foot piece of string cheese history; it was almost three quarters of a mile long.

因為長度太長的關係，起司還被對折起來。這個四分之三英里長的隊伍，托起了總長度達 3,832 英尺的起司。

I know what you're thinking: Carl is about to make some cheesy puns.

我知道你在想什麼：Carl 又要玩雙關語的梗了。

You know I "ri-gotta" "mascar-pony" up and stay linguistically "limburger" by "briely" cutting loose with all the "munsterous" and "gouda" puns you "camombert".

我不來個雙關語的梗就是渾身不對勁。

That's the fun thing about cheese puns; we just eat them up.

I'm Carl Azuz, you⏤some of you anyway⏤are watching from Medford High School; it is in Medford, Minnesota.

我是 Carl Azuz，呼叫明尼蘇達州的 Medford 高中學生們！對！我說的就是你們！

Thank you for subscribing and commenting on our YouTube channel. That's "mozzer-alla" for CNN.

感謝你們的訂閱和留言，今天的節目到這裡告一段落。

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【CNN10】加那利群島火山噴發、海馬保護行動 | 2021年9月21日(All About Science And Nature | September 21, 2021)

essentially

struggle

sustainable

surge