produce three thousand liters of milk per day.

每天生產三千公升的牛奶。

David's farm uses cutting edge technology to automate milk collection

大衛的農場使用尖端技術實現牛奶採集自動化

and reduce the impact that production has on the environment.

並減少生產對環境的影響。

Changing how we farm is essential in the fight against climate change.

改變我們的耕作方式是應對氣候變化的關鍵。

Across the world, agriculture accounts for up to a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions.

在全世界範圍內，農業佔全球溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。

Which means that if we're going to make substantial progress,

這意味著，如果我們要取得實質性的進展。

we need more than just David and his herd to get on board.

我們需要的不僅僅是大衛和他的牛群加入進來。

Nestlé is the world's largest food and beverage company.

雀巢公司是世界上最大的食品和飲料公司。

Founded on the shores of Lake Geneva in 1866, Nestlé began

1866年，雀巢公司在日內瓦湖畔成立，開始了

as a small Swiss company producing milk-based products.

作為一家生產牛奶產品的小型瑞士公司。

Over 150 years later, it's remained true to its roots.

150多年後的今天，它仍然堅持自己的初衷。

It tops the table of the world's largest dairy groups,

它在世界最大的乳品集團中位居榜首。

with ice cream and milk sales nearing £12 billion last year.

去年，冰淇淋和牛奶的銷售額接近120億英鎊。

Milk is the most important raw material for Nestle since the very beginning.

從一開始，牛奶就是雀巢公司最重要的原材料。

It started all with milk. And milk is still

這一切都從牛奶開始。而牛奶仍然是

the most important raw material for Nestle worldwide.

是雀巢公司在全球最重要的原材料。

The food group works with over 500,000 farmers across its supply chain,

該食品集團在其供應鏈中與50多萬名農民合作。

more than 100,000 of whom are dairy producers.

其中有10多萬人是乳品生產者。

On this farm, David practices what's known as 'regenerative agriculture'.

在這個農場裡，大衛實行所謂的 "再生農業"。

That means producing food while reducing the impact on the environment.

這意味著在生產食品的同時減少對環境的影響。

The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization defines regenerative farming

聯合國糧食和農業組織對再生農業的定義是

as a range of farming methods with the common goal of

作為一系列的耕作方法，其共同目標是

“caring for the land to support its health and vitality”.

"關愛土地，支持其健康和活力"。

In short, it involves protecting the health of the soil,

簡而言之，它涉及保護土壤的健康。

sustainable water usage, and better fertiliser management.

可持續用水，以及更好的肥料管理。

Regenerative farming is not new. But as the food industry comes under

再生農業並不新鮮。但隨著食品行業受到

increasing pressure to reduce agricultural emissions, many now see it as the only way forward.

減少農業排放的壓力越來越大，許多人現在認為這是唯一的出路。

Agronomist and former farmer Daniel Baertschi walked me through the benefits.

農藝師和前農民Daniel Baertschi帶領我瞭解了這些好處。

We need to find ways how we can mainstream a positive agriculture system.

我們需要找到如何將積極的農業系統納入主流的方法。

And regenerative agriculture is exactly the system that allows every farmer to make progress,

而再生農業正是讓每個農民取得進步的系統。

as the farmer here, he can start where he's at and then he can build up capacity,

作為這裡的農民，他可以從他所處的位置開始，然後他可以建立起能力。

he can improve the farm and improve the carbon footprint.

他可以改善農場，改善碳足跡。

Here on a dairy farm like this, it's methane-emitting manure

在這樣的奶牛場裡，它是排放甲烷的糞便

that's the big problem. But also an opportunity.

這是個大問題。但也是一個機會。

The intergovernmental panel on climate change states that in order to reach net zero by around 2050,

政府間氣候變化小組指出，為了在2050年左右達到淨零排放。

“deep reductions in agricultural emissions” resulting from methane will be required.

將需要對甲烷造成的 "農業排放進行深度削減"。

Professor Beat Reidy studies agricultural emissions from dairy farming

Beat Reidy教授研究奶牛養殖業的農業排放問題

down the road at the Bern University of Applied Sciences.

在伯爾尼應用科學大學的路上。

Usually on a dairy farm the biggest proportion of emissions

通常情況下，在奶牛場，最大的排放比例是

come from rumination, from the dairy cow itself.

來自反芻，來自乳牛本身。

Another large proportion, usually that comes from manure management.

另一大比例，通常是來自糞便管理。

David and his team employ a number of techniques

大衛和他的團隊採用了一些技術

to reduce methane emissions including optimizing the cows' diet.

以減少甲烷排放，包括優化奶牛的飲食。

So you see for every group of cows there is a certain feed ratio.

所以你看每組奶牛都有一定的飼料比例。

The feed is mixed by an automated system

飼料由一個自動系統混合

and delivered to the herd throughout the day by a robot.

並由一個機器人在一天內將其送到畜群中。

The different elements are in the feed. So you see there are some grains here,

不同的元素都在飼料中。所以你看到這裡有一些穀物。

there is some hay, there is some silage. This is really the perfect diet for this cow.

有一些乾草，有一些青貯飼料。這確實是這頭奶牛的完美飲食。

The group this side, they are a bit jealous because the dairy cows, they get the good stuff.

這一邊的小組，他們有點嫉妒，因為乳牛，他們得到了好東西。

Nestle's research and development team monitor the effectiveness of the systems

雀巢的研究和開發團隊監測系統的有效性

trialled on David's farm to keep track of what's working, and what isn't.

在大衛的農場進行試驗，以跟蹤什麼是有效的，什麼是無效的。

The cows wear smart collars which track their movements

奶牛戴著智能項圈，追蹤它們的行動。

and alert David when a problem is detected with their milk production.

並在發現其牛奶生產出現問題時提醒大衛。

Other measures include reducing the use of fertilisers and preventing the loss of nutrient-rich topsoil.

其他措施包括減少化肥的使用，防止營養豐富的表土流失。

The manure is part of the nutrient cycle, from the feed, to the cow,

糞便是營養循環的一部分，從飼料，到奶牛。

to the manure and back to the field. So the whole idea is actually,

到糞便中，再回到田裡。是以，整個想法實際上是。

is to close this cycle and make sure there are no or as little loss as possible.

是為了關閉這個循環，並確保沒有或儘可能少的損失。

More than two-thirds of Nestlé's global greenhouse gas emissions

雀巢公司全球溫室氣體排放量的三分之二以上

originate from the sourcing of agricultural raw materials,

源於對農業原料的採購。

with dairy and livestock supply chains accounting for more than half of those emissions.

其中乳製品和牲畜供應鏈佔了一半以上的排放量。

The food group has pledged to be net zero by 2050,

該食品集團已承諾到2050年實現淨零排放。

but its head of sustainable agriculture says that's just the start.

但其可持續農業的負責人說，這只是一個開始。

We launched 20 years ago the sustainable agriculture initiative.

我們在20年前發起了可持續農業倡議。

And we have run a lot of projects over these past two decades,

而在過去的這二十年裡，我們已經運行了很多項目。

however we acknowledge as well that now sustaining is not enough, we need to restore.

然而，我們也承認，現在維持是不夠的，我們需要恢復。

Over the past few years, Nestlé has launched a series of pilot programmes in over a dozen markets,

在過去的幾年裡，雀巢公司在十幾個市場推出了一系列試點計劃。

all with the idea that by working closely with farmers such as David,

所有的想法是，通過與像大衛這樣的農民緊密合作。

emissions can be reduced at the source. The firm's CEO, Mark Schneider, told me why.

可以從源頭上減少排放。該公司的首席執行官馬克-施耐德告訴我原因。

Before you scale things up you have to actually go through

在你擴大規模之前，你必須實際經歷一下

a period of intense trial and error and piloting solutions,

一段緊張的試驗和錯誤以及試點解決方案的時期。

so this is where farms like these come in, that are very close to our global research center,

是以，這就是像這些農場的作用，它們離我們的全球研究中心非常近。

and with farmers that are highly educated and willing to explore new ways of farming.

並與受過高等教育並願意探索新耕作方式的農民合作。

It may sound too good to be true, big corporates imposing carbon reduction targets

聽起來可能好得不像真的，大公司實行碳減排目標

on farmers thousands of miles away. But can it really bring about meaningful change?

對千里之外的農民。但它真的能帶來有意義的變化嗎？

There's a lot of interest in regenerative agriculture from corporations like Nestle and others,

雀巢等企業對再生農業有很大的興趣。

and that's a good sign. It doesn't mean it's already done, it's a long journey.

而這是個好兆頭。這並不意味著它已經完成了，這是一個漫長的旅程。

Experts say food giants working with partner farmers such as David

專家們說，食品巨頭們與大衛等合作農戶合作，是一個很好的選擇。

will need to do more than just provide moral support.

將需要做的不僅僅是提供道義上的支持。

Financing this transition must also be a part of the equation.

為這一過渡提供資金也必須是方程式的一部分。

Nestle has committed to investing $1.3 billion

雀巢公司已承諾投資13億美元

in regenerative agricultural programmes over the next three years.

在未來三年內，在再生農業計劃中，將有更多的資金投入。

Politicians are taking note. Here in the Swiss canton of Vaud,

政治家們正在注意到這一點。在瑞士的沃州。

the local government is getting involved on the project,

地方政府正在參與該項目。

to try and help bring David's farm to net-zero emissions.

試圖幫助大衛的農場實現淨零排放。

Usually we have funding from private industry, but also a big proportion of it

通常情況下，我們有來自私營企業的資金，但也有很大一部分來自私營企業。

comes from government itself because they know this is an important topic

來自政府本身，因為他們知道這是一個重要的話題。

and we have to develop solutions that can be applied on the farms.

我們必須開發可以在農場應用的解決方案。

Because a lot of approaches and solutions exist, have been proven to be effective in the lab,

因為存在很多方法和解決方案，已經在實驗室中被證明是有效的。

but not yet proven to be effective on the farm itself.

但尚未證明在農場本身是有效的。

If successful, Nestle's pilot programmes across the world could serve as a model

如果成功的話，雀巢公司在世界各地的試點項目可以作為一個模式。

to other corporates and public sector agencies, as other major food producers

與其他公司和公共部門機構一樣，其他主要食品生產商也是如此。

including Danone, Kellogg's, General Mills, and Unilever

包括達能、凱洛格、通用磨坊和聯合利華。

also stick their teeth into fostering regenerative agriculture across their supply chains.

在他們的供應鏈中，他們也致力於促進再生農業的發展。

Ultimately, it may prove vital in getting the private sector to net zero.

最終，它可能被證明在讓私營部門實現淨零排放方面至關重要。

We would miss by a mile if we optimized everything in our factories and our offices

如果我們優化我們的工廠和辦公室的一切，我們將錯過一英里。

and miss out on improving agricultural practices around the world.

而錯過了改善世界各地農業實踐的機會。