costs and at all times be well. We suffer far more than we should because of how long

費用，並在任何時候都是好的。我們遭受的痛苦遠遠超過我們應該遭受的痛苦，因為我們有多長時間

it can take many of us until we allow ourselves to fall properly and usefully ill.

這可能需要我們中的許多人，直到我們允許自己適當和有益地生病。

In a crisis, our chances of getting better rely to a significant extent on having the

在危機中，我們獲得改善的機會在很大程度上取決於是否擁有

right relationship to our illness; an attitude which is relatively unfrightened by our distress,

與我們的疾病有正確的關係；一種對我們的苦惱相對不感到恐懼的態度。

which isn't overly in love with the idea of seeming at all times 'normal', which

它並不太喜歡在任何時候都顯得 "正常 "的想法，這一點

can allow us to be deranged for a while in order one day to reach a more authentic kind

可以允許我們暫時失常，以便有一天能達到更真實的狀態。

of sanity.

的理智。

It will help us immensely in this quest if the images of mental illness we can draw on

如果我們能借鏡精神疾病的形象，將對我們的探索有極大的幫助

at this time do not narrowly imply that our ailment is merely a freakish and pitiable

在這個時候，不要狹隘地認為我們的疾病僅僅是一種畸形的、可悲的

possibility, if we can appeal to images that tease out the universal and dignified themes

可能性，如果我們能夠訴諸於挑出普遍的和有尊嚴的主題的影像

of our state, so that we do not - on top of everything else - have to fear and hate ourselves

我們的國家，這樣我們就不會--在其他一切之上--不得不害怕和憎恨自己

for being unwell. We stand to heal a great deal faster if there are fewer associations

因為身體不舒服。如果有更少的關聯，我們就能更快地痊癒。

like those created by Goya (of madness as the seventh circle of hell) and more of men

像戈雅創造的那些（瘋狂是第七層地獄）和更多的人

and women a little like you and me, sitting on the sofa, able to combine our inner wretchedness

和女人有點像你和我，坐在沙發上，能夠結合我們內心的悲慘處境

with other, more temperate and attractive qualities - so that we remain every bit human,

與其他更溫和、更有吸引力的品質--使我們保持每一點人性。

despite our terrifying convulsions, absences of mind, catastrophic forebodings and sense

儘管我們有可怕的抽搐、缺失的思想、災難性的預感和感覺

of despair.

的絕望。

The best philosophical background against which to wrestle with mental unwellness would

與精神不健康作鬥爭的最佳哲學背景是

be one that conceived of the human animal as intrinsically rather than accidentally

是一種將人類動物視為內在的而非偶然的動物的概念。

flawed, a philosophy that would resolutely reject the notion that we could ever be perfect

有缺陷，這種哲學將堅決拒絕我們可能永遠完美的概念。

and would instead welcome our griefs and our errors, our stumbles and our follies as no

而會歡迎我們的悲傷和錯誤，我們的絆腳石和我們的愚蠢，就像不歡迎你一樣。

less a part of us than our triumphs and our intelligence. It is Japan's Zen Buddhism

比起我們的勝利和我們的智慧，它更像是我們的一部分。它是日本的禪宗

that has historically perhaps best put forward such notions, with its bold declaration that

在歷史上也許是最好地提出了這樣的概念，其大膽的宣言是

life itself is suffering, and its veneration in the visual arts - and by extension in its

生命本身是痛苦的，而它在視覺藝術中的崇尚--以及延伸到它的價值。

psychology - of what is imperfect and un-glossy: rainy autumn evenings, sadness, moss covered

心理學--不完美和不光彩的東西：秋天的雨夜，悲傷，佈滿苔蘚的東西

roofs, stained wooden panels, tears and, most famously, misshapen and irregular pieces of

屋頂、染色的木板、破損，以及最著名的，形狀不規則的碎片。

pottery. Against such a background, it becomes a great

陶器。在這樣的背景下，它成為一個偉大的

deal easier for us to accept ourselves in our unwell state. We feel less guilty that

我們更容易接受處於不健康狀態的自己。我們感到不那麼內疚，因為

we are not at work and are not playing up to the roles demanded of us by responsible

我們不在工作崗位上，沒有扮演好責任人要求我們扮演的角色。

others. We can be less defensive and frightened, more inclined to seek out proper care - and

其他人。我們可以減少防衛和恐懼，更傾向於尋求適當的護理--以及

more likely to recover properly in time.

更有可能及時恢復正常。

With a philosophy of acceptance in mind, we can recognise that whatever the particularities

考慮到接受的哲學，我們可以認識到，不管有什麼特殊性

of our crisis (which will naturally need to be investigated in due course), our pains

我們的危機（這自然需要在適當的時候進行調查），我們的痛苦

fit into a broad picture of a crisis-prone human condition. No one is spared. No life

適合於易受危機影響的人類狀況的廣泛畫面。沒有人能夠倖免。沒有生命

can escape significant troubles. Everything is imperfect. We don't have to know the

可以逃避重大的麻煩。一切都是不完美的。我們不需要知道

details of someone's life to be able to guess at the scale of the difficulties they

掌握了一個人的生活細節，就能猜測出他們的困難程度。

too will have encountered. We have all been born to inadequate parents, our desires will

也會遇到過。我們都出生在不健全的父母身邊，我們的慾望會

always exceed reality, we will all make some appalling errors, we will hurt those we love

總是超過現實，我們都會犯一些令人震驚的錯誤，我們會傷害我們所愛的人

and anger those with power over us, we will be anxious and confused, woeful and lost.

並激怒那些對我們有權力的人，我們就會焦慮和迷惑，悲哀和迷失。

We should accept both that we are profoundly unwell - and that our ailments are entirely

我們應該接受這樣的事實：我們身體極度不舒服--而且我們的疾病完全是由我們自己造成的。

normal.

正常。

Japanese philosophy has another lesson for us at this point: we will probably one day

在這一點上，日本哲學對我們還有一個教訓：我們可能有一天會

be fixed but there are likely to be substantial and ineradicable marks. And yet, these marks

但有可能會有實質性的、不可磨滅的痕跡。然而，這些痕跡

can be worn with pride and self-respect. According to Zen Buddhism's tradition of kintsugi,

可以帶著自豪感和自尊心佩戴。根據禪宗的金絲楠木傳統。

an accidentally smashed bowl isn't to be thrown away in embarrassment, its pieces can

一個不小心打碎的碗不應該在尷尬中被扔掉，它的碎片可以

be carefully collected and reassembled with glue inflected with gold. The traces of repair

小心翼翼地收集起來，用金黃色的膠水重新組裝起來。修復的痕跡

are made obvious, celebrated and cherished, as if to suggest to us - as we bring a cup

在我們端起茶杯的時候，我們就會發現，我們在慶祝，在珍惜，彷彿在向我們暗示，我們是在為自己的未來做準備。

to our lips - that we do not have to give up on ourselves or be ashamed of our own brokenness.

到我們的嘴脣--我們不必放棄自己，也不必為自己的破碎感到羞愧。

We can confront our illness without panic or fear, with a quiet intelligent sadness

我們可以面對我們的疾病，沒有驚慌失措或恐懼，以一種安靜的智慧悲傷。

perhaps best captured by the word melancholy. If we were searching for a patron saint of

也許用憂鬱這個詞最能說明問題。如果我們要尋找一個 "憂鬱 "的守護神，那就是

such a melancholy relationship to mental difficulty, we could do worse than pick the Welsh artist

在這種與精神困難的憂鬱關係中，我們可以做得更好，而不是選擇威爾士的藝術家

Gwen John, who combined a brilliant career as a painter with moments of harrowing mental

格溫-約翰，將輝煌的畫家生涯與痛苦的精神時刻結合起來。

collapse - but remained all the while fundamentally on the side of life. From her self-portrait,

崩潰--但一直以來，她都從根本上保持著對生活的態度。來自她的自畫像。

John implies that she would understand whatever we might be going through, her eyes hint that

約翰暗示她會理解我們可能正在經歷的一切，她的眼睛暗示著

she has been there too, that she could be our guide to the underworld of our minds - and

她也曾經歷過，她可以成為我們的嚮導，引導我們進入我們的思想的地下世界--並且

that, however much we might hate ourselves at this moment, we deserve gentleness, patience

無論我們此時此刻多麼憎恨自己，我們都應該得到溫柔、耐心、和藹的對待。

and respect as we feel our way towards repair.

在我們摸索修復的過程中，我們要尊重他們。