Now, that was a challenge for me

現在，這對我來說是一個挑戰

because I went to 13 different schools

因為我去了13所不同的學校

and I have a condition called dyslexia.

而且我有一種叫做閱讀障礙的疾病。

Today I want to talk about three fellow black scientists,

今天我想談一談三位黑人科學家同行。

one from the past,

一個來自過去。

one from the present

一個來自現在的

and one from the future -

和一個來自未來的 -

all pioneers in their field.

他們都是各自領域的先驅者。

My first hero is unfortunately no longer with us -

不幸的是，我的第一位英雄已經不在了--

his name was Alan Powell Goffe.

他的名字叫艾倫-鮑威爾-戈夫。

He was born in Kingston upon Thames in 1920.

他於1920年出生在泰晤士河畔的金斯敦。

His father was Jamaican and his mother was English.

他的父親是牙買加人，母親是英國人。

Both his parents were physicians.

他的父母都是醫生。

Like me, he was inspired by his parents

像我一樣，他受到了他父母的啟發

and gained a degree in medicine and a diploma in bacteriology.

並獲得了醫學學位和細菌學文憑。

He went on to specialise in pathology

他後來專門從事病理學研究

the study of the causes and effects of disease.

對疾病的原因和影響的研究。

In the 1950s, measles was described

在20世紀50年代，麻疹被描述為

as the greatest killer of children in history.

作為歷史上最大的兒童殺手。

Goffe's work on vaccines was revolutionary

Goffe的疫苗工作具有革命性意義

in ending the measles epidemic.

在結束麻疹疫情方面。

A sample of the virus is taken and then weakened

取出病毒樣本，然後將其弱化。

usually by reproducing it many times.

通常是通過多次複製。

This creates a living but weakened version of the original virus

這創造了一個活的但被削弱的原始病毒的版本

which the body can fight, stimulating long-lasting immunity.

其中身體可以對抗，刺激持久的免疫力。

He also worked on the polio virus

他還從事脊髓灰質炎病毒的研究

and made important contributions

並作出了重要貢獻

to the development of a vaccine for this too.

對這一問題的疫苗開發也是如此。

Tragically, he died young in a sailing accident

不幸的是，他在一次航海事故中英年早逝。

aged just 46.

年僅46歲。

Dr Goffe was a true pioneer

Goffe博士是一位真正的先驅者

but few people know his name

但很少有人知道他的名字

and with the important role that vaccines are playing

以及疫苗正在發揮的重要作用

in our lives today

在我們今天的生活中

it's wonderful to celebrate the work of this fantastic man.

慶祝這位了不起的人的工作真是太好了。

A present-day scientist who I think you should know

我認為你應該知道的一位現今的科學家

is Dr Asmeret Asefaw Berhe.

是阿斯梅里特-阿塞法-貝赫博士。

She was born and grew up in Eritrea.

她在厄立特里亞出生和長大。

Sadly, when Asmeret was young,

可悲的是，在阿斯梅里特年輕的時候。

her country was undergoing a war of independence.

她的國家正在經歷一場獨立戰爭。

Despite this turmoil,

儘管有這種動盪。

she was one of only 1,000 students admitted to university in Eritrea

她是厄立特里亞僅有的1000名被大學錄取的學生之一

when she left school.

當她離開學校時。

She studied soil science

她研究土壤科學

and was fascinated by ecosystems within the soil.

並對土壤中的生態系統非常著迷。

Her childhood experiences led her to conduct research

她的童年經歷促使她進行研究

into the effects of landmines on soil,

研究地雷對土壤的影響。

looking at how the explosions cause disruption

觀察爆炸是如何造成破壞的

in the structure of the soil

在土壤的結構中

and how they can leak toxic chemicals into the soil.

以及它們如何將有毒化學品洩漏到土壤中。

She also worked out that if just a quarter of the landmines

她還計算出，如果只有四分之一的地雷

from the affected areas were removed

從受影響地區移出的

that this would enable the land to produce enough food

這將使土地能夠生產足夠的食物

to feed 1.6 million people every year.

每年為160萬人提供食物。

Another brilliant black pioneer.

另一位傑出的黑人先鋒。

Her work inspires me because in my early career

她的工作激勵著我，因為在我的早期職業生涯中

I worked on the development of a handheld landmine detector.

我致力於開發一種手持式地雷探測儀。

also trying to tackle the same problem

也想解決同樣的問題

but from a different angle.

但從不同的角度。

Now, a scientist you should look out for is Kayisha Payne.

現在，你應該注意的一位科學家是卡伊莎-佩恩。

Like me, Kayisha grew up in London

和我一樣，卡伊莎在倫敦長大。

and showed an early aptitude for science and maths.

並很早就顯示出對科學和數學的天賦。

It was chemistry that most excited her.

最讓她興奮的是化學反應。

She loved the idea of studying

她喜歡學習的想法

the fundamental building blocks of everything.

是一切事物的基本組成部分。

This passion led her to undertake a degree in chemical engineering.

這種熱情使她取得了化學工程的學位。

She was the first member of her immediate family to go to university.

她是她的直系親屬中第一個上大學的人。

Kayisha was a process engineer at AstraZeneca in Cambridge.

卡伊莎曾在劍橋的阿斯利康公司擔任工藝工程師。

This is where one of the Covid-19 vaccines was developed.

這就是Covid-19疫苗的研發地之一。

Kayisha's work focused on ensuring that drugs that were being developed

卡伊莎的工作重點是確保正在開發的藥物

didn't degrade by the time they were administered to patients.

在給病人用藥的時候沒有退化。

Throughout her studies and her career

在她的學習和職業生涯中

she was often the only black person in the room.

她經常是房間裡唯一的黑人。

Passionate about having more diversity in STEM

熱衷於在STEM領域擁有更多的多樣性

Kayisha created the Black British Professionals In STEM.

卡伊莎創建了英國黑人科技教育專業人員。

A network for black students in the UK

英國黑人學生的網絡

to connect with their peers and receive advice and mentoring

與他們的同齡人聯繫，接受建議和指導

from black British STEM professionals.

來自英國黑人STEM專業人士。

As she says: "When you don't see yourself represented in an industry

正如她所說："當你沒有看到自己在一個行業中的代表性時

it's extremely difficult to believe there's a place for you in it."

它極難相信其中有你的位置。"

These three black scientists didn't only dream of a better future

這三位黑人科學家不僅夢想著一個更好的未來

but had the determination to make it a reality.

但有決心使之成為現實。

I'm truly inspired by these amazing people

我真的被這些了不起的人所鼓舞

and I'm excited by what the next generation will achieve.

而且我對下一代將取得的成就感到興奮。