that kind of intimate tete-a-tete with the nutritional label,

跟食品營養標籤眉來眼去的親密時刻，

trying to discern are you good or are you bad.

試圖分辨這食物是好還是壞。

But here's the thing you probably haven't considered.

但有件事你可能從未考量過。

"Labels are not just labels. They evoke a set of beliefs."

「標籤不只是標籤，它們喚起的是一組信念。」

That's Alia Crum. (Psychologist at Columbia University)

這是 Alia Crum (哥倫比亞大學心理學家) 所說的。

See Crum has spent years studying the "placebo effect,"

Crum 花了多年時間研究「安慰劑效應」，

and she figured that food labels might work the same way and so to test her idea,

她發現食品標籤也許也有異曲同工之妙，而為了要驗證這個論點，

Crum created a huge batch of milkshakes,

Crum 做出一大杯奶昔，

and then labeled it in two very different ways.

並用兩種非常不同的方式標示（聰明低卡＆奢華高熱量）。

Then, as people drank the milkshakes,

然後，當人們開始喝奶昔時，

she had nurses monitor their levels of this hormone called "ghrelin."

她請護士監控一種叫「食慾素」的荷爾蒙量。

People in the medical field call it the "hunger hormone."

在醫界稱之為「飢餓荷爾蒙」。

Physically, when you have not eaten anything,

當身體尚未進食時，

ghrelin levels in the stomach rise which signals to the brain that "it is time now to seek out food."

胃中食慾素的量便會升高來提醒大腦：「是時候去覓食了。」

(food seeking)

（覓食去）

But after that rise, say you have a big meal,

但食慾素上升，例如享用大餐之後，

ghrelin levels are gonna drop a lot, and when that does, it signals to the mind:

食慾素便會大量減少，而當這發生時就會提醒大腦：

"You've had enough here, you know, and I'm gonna start revving up the metabolisms, we can burn the calories that we had just ingested."

「吃夠多了，要開始加速新陳代謝來燃燒剛剛吸收進去的熱量囉。」

But Crum discovered that those who believed they were drinking the "indulgent shake", responded as if their bodies had eaten three times more.

但 Crum 發現那些以為在喝「奢華高熱量」奶昔的人身體也以為自己在吃三倍多的食物量。

So what people believed about their milkshake came true.

所以人們以為高熱量的奶昔就成真了。

If they thought it was fattening, they felt they've eaten more, and their digestion was affected.

如果他們以為這會使他們變胖，他們會覺得自己吃得較多，而消化也會因此受影響。

Their ghrelin levels dropped three times more.

食慾素會減少三倍以上的量。

So to summarize, you may be able to change your metabolism with your mind.

所以結論是，你也許可以用「想」的來改變新陳代謝。

So in theory, if you wanna lose weight, you can try eating healthy food with an indulgent mindset.

所以理論上，如果想要減重，你可以用「放縱大吃」的心態去吃健康食物。

You feel fuller and your metabolism would increase.

你會感到更飽足，而新陳代謝也會加速。

And if diet products actually wanted to help you lose weight, they advertises "fattening" not "fat-free."

減重食品如果真的想幫你減重，他們該宣傳的是「使你發胖」而不是「零脂肪」。

We have this very simple metabolic science: calories in calories out,

我們的代謝科學非常簡單：只要算卡路里的吸收與消耗，

and I don'... I think that we haven't given enough credits to the role of our beliefs in determining our physiology, our reality.

而我覺得我們並未相信自己心理上的「信念」可以決定生理、現實的「信念」。