Welcome to England dot com.

歡迎來到英格蘭點點網。

I'm adam.

我是阿達姆。

Today's lesson is a grammar lesson about everybody's favorite grammar point articles more specifically the definite article that now I'm joking about the favorite part thing.

今天的課程是關於大家最喜歡的文法點文章的文法課，更確切地說，是關於定語，現在我對最喜歡的部分的事情開玩笑了。

I know what we're gonna look at is one part or one usage of the definite article.

我知道我們要看的是定語的一個部分或一個用法。

There are so many different rules and so many different usages of the articles.

有這麼多不同的規則，有這麼多不同的文章用法。

The or and or no article.

或和或不的文章。

So I can't obviously look at everything.

是以，我顯然不能什麼都看。

I'm going to look at one very specific element or usage of the article.

我要看的是文章中一個非常具體的內容或用法。

I'm going to look at how to use or when to use or when not to use the article though with abstract now owns.

我打算看看如何使用或何時使用或何時不使用文章，雖然現在擁有抽象的文章。

And then I'm also going to look at the same or similar situation with singular and plural noun that basically encompass or they include a whole collection of things.

然後，我還要看看同樣或類似情況的單數和複數名詞，它們基本上包含或包括整個事物的集合。

And you'll understand a bit more when I get to that.

當我說到這一點時，你會更明白一些。

So we're gonna start with an abstract now.

所以我們現在要從一個抽象的角度開始。

Now, first of all, what does this mean?

現在，首先，這意味著什麼呢？

What is an abstract noun?

什麼是抽象名詞？

So an abstract noun has a few different features.

是以，一個抽象的名詞有幾個不同的特徵。

Okay.

好的。

Different ways to recognize that it is abstract.

不同的方式來認識到它是抽象的。

First of all it is intangible.

首先，它是無形的。

What does this mean?

這意味著什麼呢？

It means that it is it cannot be sense.

這意味著它是它不可能有意義。

They cannot.

他們不能。

You can't use the five senses to notice this thing.

你不能用五種感官來注意這個東西。

You can't touch it, you can't see it, You can't smell it, you can't taste it.

你不能碰它，你不能看它，你不能聞它，你不能嘗它。

Okay, so you can't use any of these uh senses, you can't hear it, but it's definitely still a real thing.

好吧，所以你不能使用任何這些呃感官，你不能聽到它，但它絕對還是一個真實的東西。

Okay.

好的。

Usually it's because this real thing is just an idea or a concept, basically it's in your mind, it's not a real thing physically or like you can't touch it, but it's in your mind, it's a real thing.

通常是因為這個真實的東西只是一個想法或概念，基本上它在你的腦海裡，它不是一個物理上的真實的東西，或者像你不能觸摸它，但它在你的腦海裡，它是一個真實的東西。

And generally it is unquantifiable means.

而一般來說，它是無法量化的手段。

You can't measure it, you can't count it.

你無法測量它，你無法計算它。

Okay, so some examples are love, happiness, society, technology and education.

好吧，那麼一些例子是愛情、幸福、社會、技術和教育。

Now, before you tell me what society is a real thing or technology is a real concrete thing.

現在，在你告訴我什麼社會是一個真正的東西或技術是一個真正的具體東西之前。

It's not.

不是的。

Society is a collection of people.

社會是一個人的集合體。

Okay.

好的。

The people are real.

人民是真實的。

Society is an idea.

社會是一種理念。

Technology, you can talk about devices, you can talk about the internet, you can talk about smartphones, you can talk about computers, but technology is just all of these things together.

技術，你可以談論設備，你可以談論互聯網，你可以談論智能手機，你可以談論電腦，但技術只是所有這些東西的組合。

It's an idea that develops and evolves and changes education.

這是一個發展和演化並改變教育的想法。

You can talk about schools, students and teachers, but education itself is a process.

你可以談論學校、學生和教師，但教育本身是一個過程。

It's an idea that we use to learn things and develop things.

這是一個我們用來學習事物和發展事物的想法。

Okay, so all of these are abstract.

好的，所以這些都是抽象的。

Now.

現在。

Now, when you're using them in a sentence, are you going to put the in front of these or not?

現在，當你在一個句子中使用它們時，你是否要在這些前面加上the？

Well, yes, that's your answer.

嗯，是的，這就是你的答案。

Some cases, Yes.

有些情況下，是的。

You will use the definite article.

你將使用定語。

In other cases.

在其他情況下。

You will not.

你不會的。

Okay, so when you're talking about these things in a general idea, you're just talking about Love as an idea as a concept.

好的，所以當你在談論這些東西的時候，你只是把愛作為一個想法作為一個概念來談論。

You're not going to use the article.

你不打算使用這篇文章。

If you're talking about love as a qualified thing, then you will use that.

如果你在談論愛是一個合格的東西，那麼你將使用這個。

Now, what do I mean by qualified?

現在，我所說的合格是什麼意思？

If you make it very specific to a very specific person or very specific situation, then you're making it a single thing that belongs to that situation or that person.

如果你讓它非常具體到一個非常具體的人或非常具體的情況，那麼你就把它變成了屬於那個情況或那個人的單一事物。

Okay, let's look at an example.

好吧，讓我們看一個例子。

The modern technology is changing the society now.

現代技術正在改變現在的社會。

Is this sentence using that correctly or incorrectly?

這句話的使用是正確的還是錯誤的？

The answer is that it is incorrectly.

答案是，這是不正確的。

You do not need the here modern technology.

你不需要這裡的現代技術。

I'm not talking about smartphones.

我不是在談論智能手機。

I'm not talking about computers.

我不是在談論計算機。

I'm talking about everything that is part of technology.

我說的是屬於技術的一切。

It's just one general abstract idea.

這只是一個一般的抽象概念。

So I'm not I'm not talking about anything specific within that.

所以我不是......我不是在談論這裡面的任何具體內容。

Technology is changing the society.

技術正在改變社會。

Well, technically there are many different types of societies.

嗯，從技術上講，有許多不同類型的社會。

There's like asian society and Western society and Northern society in Southern society.

就像亞洲社會和西方社會以及南方社會中的北方社會。

So all of these things are different aspects.

所以所有這些事情都是不同的方面。

But when you're talking about society as an idea, you don't need the article modern technology is changing society.

但是，當你在談論社會這個概念時，你不需要現代技術正在改變社會這篇文章。

Where when that you can get into into specifics in the following sentences.

在哪裡，當你可以在下面的句子中進入到具體的內容。

Okay, let's look at another example.

好吧，讓我們看看另一個例子。

Technology of the Future will change societies that embrace it.

未來的技術將改變擁抱它的社會。

Now, do I need any articles here?

現在，我在這裡需要任何文章嗎？

Well, here we're talking about a specific technology Technology 100 years from now will be very different than technology today.

好吧，在這裡我們談論的是一種特定的技術 100年後的技術將與今天的技術有很大不同。

So then you can look at it as two different specific technologies.

是以，然後你可以把它看成是兩種不同的具體技術。

So here I need the the technology of the future.

所以在這裡我需要未來的技術。

Now you'll notice that I'm using of as some is a way of qualifying the technology that I'm talking about specifically.

現在你會注意到，我用 "一些 "來限定我正在談論的具體技術。

So this is one way of qualifying you can use of or you can use uh defining adjective clause.

所以這是限定的一種方式，你可以使用of或者你可以使用呃定義形容詞句。

The technology of the future will change societies that embrace it.

未來的技術將改變擁抱它的社會。

But as soon as you have an identifying adjective clause, then you need a definite article.

但只要你有一個可識別的形容詞句，那麼你就需要一個定語。

Because now I'm talking about very specific societies.

因為現在我說的是非常具體的社會。

Only the ones that embrace it, then they're separately are the ones that don't embrace it.

只有那些擁抱它的人，那麼他們分別是那些不擁抱它的人。

So now that I have a specific group of societies, then I'm talking about a definite group and therefore I need the here general idea.

是以，現在我有了一個特定的社會群體，那麼我就在談論一個確定的群體，是以我需要這裡的一般概念。

No article here specific and qualified.

這裡沒有具體和合格的文章。

Now abstract noun.

現在是抽象的名詞。

I do need the definite article.

我確實需要定語。

Okay, now the same sort of the same sort of thinking, the same sort of rules applies to when we're talking about something in general.

好了，現在同樣的那種思維，同樣的那種規則適用於我們在談論一般的東西時。

We're talking about a whole group of this something.

我們說的是一整組的這個東西。

So let me give you a couple more examples.

是以，讓我再給你舉幾個例子。

Okay, so now we're going to look at a different context for the same basic idea.

好了，現在我們來看看同一個基本想法的不同背景。

Lions are fierce animals.

獅子是凶猛的動物。

The lion is a fierce animal.

獅子是一種凶猛的動物。

Both of these sentences are correct.

這兩個句子都是正確的。

If I talk about lions, I'm talking about all lions.

如果我談論獅子，我說的是所有的獅子。

If I'm talking about the lion, I'm talking about this specific type of animal in this case, both worked because here I have a plural and I'm including all all of them.

如果我說的是獅子，在這種情況下，我說的是這種特定類型的動物，都起作用了，因為這裡我有一個複數，我包括所有的所有的動物。

Right?

對嗎？

The lion that we were talking about, like the genus, basically the family of animal.

我們正在談論的獅子，像屬，基本上是動物的家族。

I can say the dog is the most domesticated animals, for example, or dogs are the most domesticated in this case.

例如，我可以說狗是最被馴化的動物，或者說狗在這種情況下是最被馴化的。

It's okay, because if I say the lion, I can picture all lines.

沒關係，因為如果我說的是獅子，我可以想象所有的線條。

If I say the dog, I can picture all dogs, but I probably wouldn't say the dog when I'm talking about all dogs.

如果我說狗，我可以想象所有的狗，但當我談論所有的狗時，我可能不會說狗。

Let me give you an example why whales are the largest sea mammals.

讓我給你舉個例子，為什麼鯨魚是最大的海洋哺乳動物。

Okay.

好的。

A mammal is like a type of animals, like humans are mammals as well.

哺乳動物就像動物的一種類型，像人類也是哺乳動物。

So whales are, and I'm using, I'm talking about all whales.

所以鯨魚是，我用的是，我說的是所有的鯨魚。

Now here, I can say the whale is the largest.

現在在這裡，我可以說鯨魚是最大的。

What I'm talking about this particular type of animal.

我所說的是這種特殊類型的動物。

Why would I not, Sorry, let me give you a little pointer technically this is correct, but I would not ever write the will because if you think about all the different wheels, what types of whales can you think of?

為什麼我不會，對不起，讓我給你一個小指針技術上這是正確的，但我永遠不會寫遺囑，因為如果你想想所有不同的輪子，你能想到什麼類型的鯨魚？

Do you know what a humpback whale or a blue whale is?

你知道什麼是座頭鯨或藍鯨嗎？

Do you know what an orca is?

你知道虎鯨是什麼嗎？

Okay.

好的。

Orca is spelled like this.

Orca是這樣拼寫的。

If you want to look that up, if you want to look them up, look at a blue whale, look at an orca.

如果你想查這個，如果你想查它們，看看藍鯨，看看虎鯨。

These two whales are completely different from each other.

這兩頭鯨魚彼此之間完全不同。

The blue whale is huge.

藍鯨是巨大的。

It's like the biggest animal on the earth.

它就像地球上最大的動物。

Orcas are big, but not that big.

虎鯨很大，但沒有那麼大。

Orcas eat meat or they eat other fish.

虎鯨吃肉，或者它們吃其他魚。

I should say they're hunters.

我應該說他們是獵人。

Blue whales eat plankton, like they're vegetarians, so they're very, very different animals, although technically both are whales.

藍鯨吃浮游生物，就像它們是素食主義者，所以它們是非常非常不同的動物，儘管技術上兩者都是鯨魚。

So because there are such differences, I would just stick to whales without the article lions.

所以，因為有這樣的差異，我就只堅持說鯨魚，而不說獅子的文章。

Generally there's not too many types.

一般來說，沒有太多的類型。

There's a mountain lion, there's a regular safari lie like jungle line, but generally they're all the same.

有一個山獅，有一個普通的野生動物園的謊言，如叢林線，但一般來說，他們都是一樣的。

And then I can talk about the lion as a general term, but this specific animal, whales because there's so many, I would just stick to the plural without the definite article.

然後我可以把獅子作為一個籠統的術語來談，但這種具體的動物，鯨魚，因為有這麼多，我就堅持用複數，不加定語。

Make it a little bit more abstract, even though I know what a whale is, because I know whales includes all of them.

讓它更抽象一點，儘管我知道鯨魚是什麼，因為我知道鯨魚包括所有的鯨魚。

It's more abstract because I'm not talking about any particular type of whale.

它更抽象，因為我不是在談論任何特定類型的鯨魚。

Okay, so I know articles are a little bit tricky, but again, it's all about practice and remember, the more you read, the more you'll see articles being used correctly and the more you'll start to have a feel for them to understand when to use them, when not to use them, etcetera.

好吧，我知道文章有點棘手，但還是那句話，這一切都與實踐有關，記住，你讀得越多，你就越能看到文章被正確使用，你就越能開始對它們有感覺，瞭解何時使用它們，何時不使用它們，等等。

But practice also in a little bit of an explanation always helps.

但實踐也在一點點的解釋，總是有幫助的。

So go to invade dot com right now you can take a quiz to practice.

是以，現在去invade dot com，你可以參加一個測驗來練習。

I'm going to give you a whole bunch of different sentences and see if you understand use the article or don't use the article for each one.

我將給你一大堆不同的句子，看看你是否理解每一個句子使用冠詞或不使用冠詞。

And of course don't forget you can ask me questions in the comments section.

當然，別忘了你可以在評論區向我提問。

I'll be happy to answer those for you.

我很樂意為你解答這些問題。

In the meantime, if you like the video, please give me a like, don't forget to subscribe to my other channel.

同時，如果你喜歡這個視頻，請給我一個贊，別忘了訂閱我的其他頻道。

Oh, I should mention one more thing, sorry.

哦，我應該再提一件事，對不起。

Before I go, there are a few other very good videos about articles by other teachers on Ingrid.

在我走之前，還有幾個非常好的視頻，是關於英格麗上其他老師的文章。

Don't forget.

不要忘記。

There's a search box on your envy dot com website punching the word the and you'll see all the other videos that are are available.

在你的envy dot com網站上有一個搜索框，輸入the一詞，你會看到所有其他的視頻都是可用的。

Study those as well.

也要研究這些。

Okay, Until then, Have a lovely day.

好了，在那之前，祝你有個愉快的一天。

Bye bye.

再見。