Of course, Angela Merkel.

當然，安格拉-默克爾。

Angela Merkel is so well-known that simple things, such as that hand gesture,

默克爾是如此出名，以至於簡單的事情，例如那個手勢。

have pretty much become synonymous with the German leader.

幾乎成了這位德國領導人的代名詞。

In fact, her party used the gesture, known as the Merkel-Raute,

事實上，她的政黨使用了這種被稱為默克爾-勞特的姿態。

Merkel Diamond or Triangle of Power

默克爾鑽石或權力三角

on a massive poster in Berlin during the 2013 election campaign.

在2013年選舉活動期間，在柏林的一張巨大海報上。

The idea? To convince voters that Germany was in good hands.

其目的是什麼？為了讓選民相信德國在良好的掌控之中。

Even her name has led to a new German verb: Merkeln, defined as holding off on a decision,

甚至她的名字也導致了一個新的德語動詞。默克爾（Merkeln），定義為暫緩決定。

alluding to her cautious style of leadership.

暗指她謹慎的上司風格。

But after three decades in politics and a 16-year-reign as Chancellor,

但在從政三十年，並擔任了16年的總理後。

it is time to move on. So, what legacy will Merkel leave behind?

是時候繼續前進了。那麼，默克爾將留下什麼遺產？

Annette Weisbach has been  CNBC's German correspondent for over a decade.

安妮特-魏斯巴赫擔任CNBC的德國記者已超過十年。

I caught up with her to learn more about Merkel's time as the German chancellor.

我採訪了她，以瞭解更多關於默克爾作為德國總理的情況。

Let's start with the very basics.

讓我們從最基本的開始。

Where did Merkel come from, and how did she become chancellor of Germany?

默克爾來自哪裡，她是如何成為德國總理的？

She was born in Hamburg, but the family moved to eastern Germany when she was very little

她出生在漢堡，但在她很小的時候全家就搬到了德國東部。

because her father was a pastor, and so she was raised with these very strong Christian beliefs.

因為她的父親是一位牧師，所以她從小就有非常強烈的基督教信仰。

In eastern Germany she had to hold her head down, in a way because there was no openness

在德國東部，她不得不低著頭，在某種程度上是因為那裡沒有開放性。

when it comes to political discussions, so it was a very strong political regime.

當涉及到政治討論時，所以它是一個非常強大的政治政權。

Between the end of World War Two and the fall of the Berlin Wall,

在第二次世界大戰結束和柏林牆倒塌之間。

Germany was split into two countries. West Germany was aligned with the U.S.

德國被分裂成兩個國家。西德與美國結盟。

and the rest of Europe, sharing similar democratic and capitalist values,

和歐洲其他國家，分享類似的民主和資本主義價值觀。

but the eastern side was governed by a socialist regime aligned with the USSR.

但東邊是由與蘇聯結盟的社會主義政權管理。

Just to give you an idea of  how non-political she was, 

只是為了讓你知道她是多麼不講政治。

the night when the wall came down in 1989,

在1989年隔離牆倒塌的那個晚上。

she went to the sauna and afterwards headed out to have some beers.

她去了桑拿房，之後出去喝了幾杯啤酒。

So she was not standing outside like many people just to wait until this wall was drawn down.

所以她沒有像許多人一樣站在外面，只是為了等待這堵牆被拉倒。

She first of all started an academic career. And she graduated in the field of physics,

她首先開始了學術生涯。她是在物理學領域畢業的。

but then gained a doctorate in quantum chemistry. She was working all the way through

但後來獲得了量子化學的博士學位。她一直在工作，直到

the end of the social democratic republic, eastern Germany, in 1989 and only then she entered politics.

1989年，德國東部的社會民主共和國結束，她才進入政界。

When those two Germanys came together,  there was also a new upswing in political movements.

當這兩個德國走到一起時，政治運動也出現了新的高潮。

In 1989, there was a new movement where she was elected as the spokeswoman.

1989年，有一個新的運動，她被選為代言人。

It was called Alliance for Germany. Afterwards, she entered the CDU,

它被稱為 "德國聯盟"。此後，她進入基民盟。

and there she was supported by the former, long-term, chancellor in Germany, Helmut Kohl.

在那裡，她得到了德國前長期總理赫爾穆特-科爾的支持。

He made her serve in very  different roles, and she really 

他讓她擔任非常不同的角色，而她真的

excelled in those and made a very  successful start in politics.

在這些方面表現出色，並在政治上有了一個非常成功的開始。

But he, in the end, had a problem with rewarding party funds to friends,

但是他，最後對把黨費獎勵給朋友有意見。

and Angela Merkel, even though he was the person who supported her,  she publicly called for his resignation.

和安格拉-默克爾，儘管他是支持她的人，但她公開要求他辭職。

But in the end, she succeeded in her strategy, and in 2000, she was elected as the chairwoman of the CDU.

但最終，她的策略成功了，2000年，她當選為基民盟主席。

In 2005, she was actually elected in the general election as the chancellor of Germany.

2005年，她在大選中真正當選為德國總理。

And that was her first federal election win, but then in total she actually managed

這是她第一次在聯邦選舉中獲勝，但後來她實際上總共做到了

to win four national elections. From a domestic perspective,

以贏得四次全國性選舉。從國內的角度來看。

what would you say has been her biggest legacy for the German population?

您認為她給德國人民留下的最大遺產是什麼？

Back in 2005, you don't remember that probably,

回到2005年，你可能不記得了。

Germany was in a very weak position economically, but also the society was very much torn apart.

德國當時在經濟上處於非常脆弱的地位，而且社會也非常分裂。

People in the East were very much disgruntled with the West.

東方的人們對西方非常不滿。

And the West didn't understand the East. So, it was a very vulnerable situation.

而西方並不瞭解東方。是以，這是一個非常脆弱的局面。

She moved the party to the middle of the society, away from the very conservative camp,

她把黨轉移到社會的中間，遠離非常保守的陣營。

where the CDU was traditionally anchored. She enacted, for example, same sex marriage.

在基民盟傳統上立足的地方。例如，她頒佈了同性婚姻。

She also enacted a very radical U-turn on nuclear policy after the Fukushima accident.

在福島事故發生後，她還頒佈了一個非常激進的核政策轉折。

To sum it up, I would say she has left a mark, to modernize and liberalize Germany

總而言之，我想說的是，她為德國的現代化和自由化留下了痕跡。

away from being very conservative. And also, she made it more diverse.

擺脫了非常保守的狀態。而且，她還使其更加多樣化。

She is sometimes referred to  Mutti and I was just wondering 

她有時被稱為Mutti，我只是想知道

if you could explain to us how that came about,

如果你能向我們解釋一下這是怎麼來的。

and do you think that the Germans do really see her as maternal figure?

你認為德國人真的把她當作母親的形象嗎？

Rumor is that one of her former economy ministers Michael Glos came up with that term Mutti

有傳言說，她的一位前經濟部長Michael Glos想出了這個詞Mutti。

because she sort of supported him that much inside the chancellery,

因為她在總理府內對他有那麼多的支持。

but the term really rose to prominence during the refugee crisis

但這個詞在難民危機期間真正崛起。

when loads of refugees across Europe have seen her as a motherly figure.

當歐洲各地大量的難民將她視為母親般的人物時。

In 2015, Europe faced a severe refugee crisis,  with many of the new arrivals fleeing war in the Middle East.

2015年，歐洲面臨嚴重的難民危機，許多新來的難民是為了逃離中東的戰爭。

The topic divided European nations. Some were reluctant to take in a

這個話題使歐洲國家產生了分歧。一些人不願意接受一個新的國家。

high number of refugees, while others were more open to supporting them.

高數量的難民，而其他國家則對支持難民持更開放的態度。

Merkel decided to keep the German borders open, a decision that ended up

默克爾決定保持德國邊境開放，這一決定最終導致了

shaping how Europe responded to the crisis.

塑造了歐洲應對危機的方式。

It's not that she has a very motherly character, but she is  driven by these very strong Christian beliefs in humanity,

這並不是說她有很強的母性，而是她被這些非常強烈的基督教的人性信仰所驅使。

that we need to help each other, and we need to stand by each other, especially in times of crisis.

我們需要相互幫助，我們需要相互支持，特別是在危機時期。

However, Merkel's stance has been linked to a rise in support

然而，默克爾的立場與支持率的上升有關。

for anti-immigrant politicians in Germany in the following years.

在接下來的幾年裡，德國的反移民政治家們都在關注這個問題。

And her decisions also provoked a rift within her own party.

而她的決定也在她自己的黨內激起了裂痕。

Critics said she failed to understand the magnitude of the crisis.

批評者說她沒有理解危機的嚴重性。

But abroad, Merkel's bold decision was applauded,  and she was named Time magazine's Person of the Year.

但在國外，默克爾的大膽決定得到了讚揚，她被評為《時代》雜誌的年度人物。

Do you think there's a different perspective when Germans look at their Chancellor

你認為當德國人看他們的總理時，是否有不同的觀點？

and when the international landscape looks at Merkel?

而當國際格局看向默克爾?

Very much so. I think internally, we are much more critical

非常是這樣。我認為，在內部，我們更多的是責備

with Angela Merkel than the international observers.

與默克爾相比，國際觀察家們更喜歡默克爾。

Domestically she is often criticized for not having a big vision for Germany,

在國內，她經常被責備為對德國沒有一個大的願景。

for just managing Germany but not revolutionizing or modernizing Germany.

因為他只是在管理德國，但沒有對德國進行革命或現代化改造。

At the same time, if you look at how she is praised on the international arena,

同時，如果你看一下她在國際舞臺上是如何被稱讚的。

it is a completely different thing. There, she is something like an outstanding leader,

這是一個完全不同的事情。在那裡，她是類似於一個傑出的領導人的東西。

she is praised for outstanding  capacities in managing crises, 

她因在管理危機方面的出色能力而受到讚揚。

that is not what is the dominant theme when we are talking about her here in Germany.

當我們在德國這裡談論她時，這並不是主導性的主題。

When looking at Merkel's role in international politics, it's impossible not to mention the European Union.

在審視默克爾在國際政治中的作用時，不可能不提及歐盟。

Her supporters say that Merkel's interventions were crucial in saving the single euro currency

她的支持者說，默克爾的干預對拯救單一歐元貨幣至關重要。

at the height of the debt crisis that developed in the aftermath of the Great Financial Crisis.

在大金融危機之後形成的債務危機的高峰期。

However, her opponents say that she failed to provide a vision to the embattled region.

然而，她的反對者說，她沒能為陷入困境的地區提供一個願景。

During the debt crisis, she was more or less the leader of Europe because clearly she was brokering the deals.

在債務危機期間，她或多或少是歐洲的領導人，因為很明顯她在為交易做中間人。

These were endless meetings, endless discussions.

這些是無休止的會議，無休止的討論。

I remember being present at the G-20 in Cannes. 

我記得我出席了在坎城舉行的20國集團會議。

Greece was really on the  verge of being pushed out,

希臘確實處於被排擠的邊緣。

to leave the euro zone and that would have been a potential threat to the euro.

撤離歐元區，這將是對歐元的一個潛在威脅。

She was really fighting so hard also here in Germany in parliament for all these rescue packages

她在德國的議會中也為所有這些救援計劃進行了艱苦的鬥爭。

because they were not very much liked by the German electorate.

因為他們不是很受德國選民的歡迎。

Germans really were thinking they are throwing their taxpayer money into a country where money is just spent.

德國人真的在想，他們把納稅人的錢扔到了一個只花錢的國家裡。

So she was reiterating that if the euro fails, 

所以她在重申，如果歐元失敗。

Europe will fail and that will  be very bad for Germany as well.

歐洲將失敗，這對德國也是非常不利的。

By her consistency to  reiterate that again and again, 

通過她的一致性來一再重申這一點。

but also by putting constraints  on the rescue money,

但也通過對救援資金進行限制。

I think she convinced Germans that this is the right way to go.

我想她說服了德國人，這才是正確的做法。

So to sum it up, this will be seen, from an historical perspective,

是以，總結一下，從歷史的角度來看，這將被視為。

most likely her biggest legacy. That she has kept the euro zone and Europe together.

最有可能是她最大的遺產。她使歐元區和歐洲保持一致。

Having led Germany through the financial crisis, the sovereign debt crisis, and the refugee crisis,

在帶領德國度過金融危機、主權債務危機和難民危機之後。

Merkel faced her biggest challenge yet in 2020 when the coronavirus pandemic hit.

2020年，當冠狀病毒大流行來臨時，默克爾面臨著她最大的挑戰。

At the beginning, she gained a lot of popularity

在開始時，她獲得了很多人氣

because Germany came through the first wave of the corona crisis very well,

因為德國很好地度過了電暈危機的第一波。

but then came the second wave and this was a big mess in a way here in Germany as well.

但隨後出現了第二波浪潮，這在德國這裡也是一個大混亂。

And then came the late start of the vaccination.

然後就開始了遲來的疫苗接種。

So the first 4 to 5 months of this year were not really successful for her.

是以，今年的前4到5個月對她來說並不真正成功。

This crisis was the biggest crisis, because again, it was touching people's lives,

這場危機是最大的危機，因為它再次觸及人們的生活。

she was very much touched by the fact that she couldn't prevent this crisis to spread.

她非常感動，因為她沒能阻止這場危機的蔓延。

I think people will miss her in a way,  because we are so much used to having her around

我認為人們在某種程度上會想念她，因為我們已經習慣了有她在身邊。

and having her sober attitude to politics and also handling difficult situations.

並有她對政治的清醒態度，也能處理困難的情況。

What made her also outstanding is that she was able to broker deals with everybody.

使她也很出色的是，她能夠為每個人的交易做中介。

She speaks Russian. She can speak on the same level

她會說俄語。她能在同一水準上說話

with Vladimir Putin, and that's something not a lot of people can do,

與弗拉基米爾-普京，這不是很多人能夠做到的。

and at the same time she is a very close friend to the U.S. as well.

同時，她也是美國的一個非常親密的朋友。

Annette, when I was doing my research, I also found out you have something in common with Merkel,

安妮特，當我在做研究時，我還發現你和默克爾有一些共同點。

not just the fact that you are a woman and German. Do you know what it is?

而不僅僅是你是一個女人和德國人的事實。你知道它是什麼嗎？

No…

不...

That you also speak Russian!

你還會說俄語!

Yes, I do.

是的，我知道。

Where did you learn Russian?

你在哪裡學的俄語？

In Russia. So, when I started my studies, I wanted to do something different.

在俄羅斯。是以，當我開始學習時，我想做一些不同的事情。

My father was born in Kalingrad, I have Russian ancestors in a way,

我的父親出生在加里寧格勒，從某種程度上說我有俄羅斯的祖先。

I thought I would go there and learn Russian.

我想我將去那裡學習俄語。

Maybe you can be the next chancellor and meet Putin?

也許你可以成為下一任總理，並見到普京？

I don't think so. I don't like working that much.

我不這麼認為。我不太喜歡工作。