-Did you? -And it has microbes on it!

-你有嗎？-而且上面有微生物！

-Oh look at them, they're so cute.

-哦，看看他們，他們是如此可愛。

-I know! I like to think about which one's my favorite.

-我知道!我喜歡思考哪個是我的最愛。

I think it might be this one.

我想可能是這個。

At this very moment, there are trillions of microbes in and on your body. These bacteria, fungi,

此時此刻，你的身體裡和身上有數萬億的微生物。這些細菌、真菌。

viruses and more are a part of our bodies from the moment we're born, and we need

病毒等從我們出生的那一刻起就是我們身體的一部分，我們需要

them. The bacteria in our gut help us digest our

他們。我們腸道中的細菌幫助我們消化我們的

food. The bacteria in our mouth and nose help us fight off infections.

食物。我們口腔和鼻子中的細菌幫助我們抵禦感染。

Almost every part of your body has its own unique microbiome, or community of microorganisms,

你身體的每個部分幾乎都有自己獨特的微生物群，或微生物群落。

and that includes...the vagina. And that's what I'm studying as a graduate

而這包括......陰部。而這正是我作為一名研究所學生正在研究的問題。

student right now! Someone should really count the

學生，現在!真的應該有人統計一下

number of times we say 'vagina' in this video because it's gonna be...a lot.

我們在這段視頻中說 "陰道 "的次數，因為這將是......很多。

-I think one of the biggest misconceptions

-我認為最大的誤解之一是

about the vaginal microbiome is that it's bad.

關於陰道微生物組的說法是，它很糟糕。

A lot of people immediately will think that microbes are not helpful to us, when in fact,

很多人立即會認為微生物對我們沒有幫助，而事實上。

the vaginal microbiome is incredibly important for protecting us from invading microbes that

陰道微生物組對於保護我們不受入侵的微生物影響是非常重要的。

are bad. -There's an incredibly diverse microbial

是壞的。-有一個令人難以置信的多樣化的微生物

party in there, and the party goers who take up the most space are a kind of bacteria called

在那裡舉行的聚會，佔用空間最大的是一種叫做 "細菌 "的細菌。

lactobacilli. There are a bunch of different species in

乳酸菌。有一堆不同的物種在

this group, but they all have a very important job—taking up space and keeping the place

這個小組，但他們都有一個非常重要的工作--佔用空間並保持這個地方。

acidic. These lactobacilli are producing lactic acid

酸性的。這些乳酸菌正在產生乳酸

as they live their little lives, making your vagina have a pretty low pH.

因為它們過著自己的小日子，使你的陰道有一個相當低的pH值。

This acidity is a really GOOD thing because it keeps the healthy bacteria happy, and it makes it

這種酸度是一件非常好的事情，因為它使健康的細菌保持快樂，並使其

harder for bad bacteria to take over. This is also actually why you may notice stains

壞細菌更難佔領。這實際上也是你可能注意到汙漬的原因

or bleached areas on your underwear even after washing them—

即使在清洗後，內衣上仍有漂白的地方---。

That natural acidity of your vaginal discharge is bleaching the pigment out of the fabric, and that's

你的陰道分泌物的自然酸度正在漂白織物中的色素，而這就是

totally normal and fine. I promise you're not weird.

完全正常，很好。我保證你不奇怪。

In fact, this might explode your brain, but the vagina's healthy acidity has been shown

事實上，這可能會讓你的大腦爆炸，但陰道的健康酸度已被證明是

to decrease your risk of catching certain STIs, even lowering the likelihood of HIV

降低你感染某些性傳播疾病的風險，甚至降低感染艾滋病毒的可能性。

transmission. Although—using a barrier like a condom or

傳播。儘管--使用像安全套或其他的障礙物

a dental dam is still absolutely necessary if you want to minimize your STI risk as much

如果你想盡可能地減少STI的風險，戴上牙罩仍然是絕對必要的。

as possible.

儘可能的。

So maintaining that healthy community of microbes

是以，保持這種健康的微生物群落

and that acidic environment is really important.

而這種酸性環境真的很重要。

-For instance, it's associated with things

-例如，它與事物有關

like bacterial vaginosis, which affects 10% of women in the U.S. every single year recurrently.

像細菌性陰道病，在美國每年有10%的婦女反覆受到影響。

-If you've ever had BV, you know the struggle. Normal vaginal discharge is a combination

-如果你曾有過BV，你就知道這種掙扎。正常的陰道分泌物是一種組合

of cells, fun stuff your microbes are producing, the microbes themselves, and cervical mucus,

的細胞，你的微生物正在產生的有趣的東西，微生物本身，和宮頸粘液。

and it will vary in texture, color, and amount throughout your cycle.

而且在整個週期中，它的質地、顏色和數量都會有所不同。

Usually, discharge is clear or white, and doesn't have a bad smell. But if that microbiome

通常情況下，分泌物是透明的或白色的，並且沒有不良氣味。但是，如果該微生物組

gets upset, like if something makes it more difficult for your lactobacilli to thrive...then

如果有什麼東西使你的乳酸菌更難茁壯成長......那麼，你的乳酸菌就會被打亂。

other species of bacteria will start to move in and take over. Your discharge may change color, and

其他種類的細菌將開始移入並接管。你的分泌物可能會改變顏色，並且

start to smell different, and this...is bacterial vaginosis.

開始有不同的氣味，這......就是細菌性陰道病。

It's an imbalance of the natural bacteria that are always there in your vagina,

這是一種天然細菌的不平衡，這些細菌一直存在於你的陰道中。

they're just...

他們只是...

out of whack.

錯亂了。

If you've experienced this, you're not alone because it's the most

如果你有這樣的經歷，你並不孤單，因為這是最

common vaginal issue for those of us under 45.

對於我們這些45歲以下的人來說，常見的陰道問題。

Something similar is happening when you get a yeast infection. If your natural ecosystem

當你得到酵母菌感染時，類似的事情也在發生。如果你的自然生態系統

of protective bacteria has been disturbed, the yeast that naturally live in your vagina

保護性細菌被擾亂，自然生活在你的陰道里的酵母也會被擾亂。

then decide 'hey, now's my moment, let's multiply'.

然後決定'嘿，現在是我的時刻，讓我們乘勝追擊'。

The most frustrating thing is that if you take a medication for one of these problems,

最令人沮喪的是，如果你為這些問題之一服藥。

like antibiotics to treat the BV, that same medication increases your chance of developing

如用抗生素治療BV，同樣的藥物會增加你患BV的機會。

another imbalance-driven issue, like a yeast infection.

另一個失衡驅動的問題，如酵母菌感染。

It's like, can we catch a break? We have got to find other options than just

這就像，我們能不能喘口氣？我們必須找到其他選擇，而不僅僅是

throwing antimicrobials at the problem.

把抗菌劑扔給這個問題。

Actually, pro-tip, maybe you can ask your doctor a for probiotic

實際上，建議你可以向你的醫生索取益生菌。

along with traditional antibiotic treatment for BV.

與傳統的抗生素治療BV一起使用。

There's also some research that using an antifungal WITH an antibiotic at the treatment

還有一些研究表明，在治療過程中使用抗真菌劑和抗生素，會使病情惡化。

stage can help prevent this odious self-reinforcing cycle...but we still need to find better solutions.

舞臺可以幫助防止這種可憎的自我強化循環......但我們仍然需要找到更好的解決方案。

It's truly exhausting, because SO MANY things can upset your microbes: taking antibiotics,

這確實很累人，因為有很多事情會擾亂你的微生物：服用抗生素。

being pregnant, having sex, getting your period, using menstrual products, being on birth control...Like

懷孕、做愛、來月經、使用月經產品、採取避孕措施......如

there's so much admin that comes with a vagina!

有這麼多的管理是伴隨著陰道而來的!

But if there is one thing you take away from this video, please let it be this: you don't

但是，如果你從這段視頻中得到一件事，請讓它成為：你不

need to wash out your vagina. I know the world might have made you feel

需要洗掉你的陰道。我知道這個世界可能已經讓你感到

like you are bad or dirty for producing discharge or for smelling how you smell but if you do

就像你是壞的或骯髒的，因為你產生了分泌物或聞到了你的氣味，但如果你做了

something like douche, you are literally washing away all the good microbes that keep you safe

像沖洗一樣的東西，你實際上是在洗掉所有保證你安全的好微生物。

and healthy. You never have to wash out your vagina. It

和健康。你永遠不需要清洗你的陰部。它

cleans itself. And I know I get really worked up about this

潔身自好。我知道我對這個問題非常著急

stuff, but that's because this microbiome business has way bigger impacts than just

但是，這是因為微生物組業務的影響遠遠大於僅僅是

stuff like yeast infections, although they do suck.

酵母菌感染之類的東西，儘管它們確實很糟糕。

-The vaginal microbiome is also implicated in secondary conditions. These include things

-陰道微生物組也牽涉到繼發性疾病。這些情況包括

like preterm birth, STI acquisition, and even fertility.

如早產、性傳播感染的獲得，甚至是生育能力。

-Yeah. That disruption of the natural vaginal microbiome, like we see with a condition like

-是的。自然的陰道微生物組的破壞，就像我們看到的像這樣的情況一樣

BV, may increase your risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease, a condition that can

BV，可能會增加你患盆腔炎的風險，這種疾病可能會

lead to infertility if left untreated. Microbiome imbalance can increase your risk

如果不加以治療，會導致不孕不育。微生物組的不平衡會增加你的風險

of getting HPV...and that's a big deal, because some types of HPV can lead to cancer.

感染HPV......這是個大問題，因為某些類型的HPV可能導致癌症。

BV during pregnancy is associated with higher risk of premature birth, which poses all kinds

懷孕期間的BV與較高的早產風險有關，這帶來了各種

of risks to both birthing person and baby. We need a better understanding of these microbial

對分娩者和嬰兒都有風險。 我們需要更好地瞭解這些微生物。

dynamics so we can stop this from happening… this is actually what I'm doing my master's

動態，所以我們可以阻止這種情況的發生......這實際上是我正在攻讀碩士學位的內容。

thesis research on right now.

現在就進行論文研究。

And all of that doesn't even BEGIN to get

而這一切甚至還沒有開始得到

into stuff like urinary tract infections, which 50-60% of women will experience in their

諸如尿路感染，50-60%的婦女在其一生中都會經歷這種情況。

lifetime. The vaginal and vulval microbiome definitely

終身。陰道和外陰部的微生物組肯定是

affect conditions like UTIs, which also have long-term health implications, and don't

影響尿毒症等情況，這也有長期的健康影響，並且不

have great solutions.

有很好的解決方案。

Now, at this point, like me, you may be really frustrated

現在，在這一點上，像我一樣，你可能真的感到沮喪了

by the lack of deep understanding and effective solutions we have for issues like this, but

我們對這樣的問題缺乏深刻的理解和有效的解決方案，但

that is changing. And this is where companies like Hana's come in.

這一點正在發生變化。而這正是像Hana公司這樣的公司出現的地方。

-We founded Juno Bio for two reasons. One is

-我們創立朱諾生物有兩個原因。其一是

that we believe that we needed to close the gender health gap as quickly as we could,

我們相信，我們需要儘快縮小性別健康差距。

and that this was one of the best ways of decoding the vaginal microbiome. The second

並認為這是解碼陰道微生物組的最佳方法之一。第二項

reason is that to really decode the vaginal microbiome, we need data at scale and traditional

原因是，要真正解碼陰道微生物組，我們需要大規模的數據，而傳統的

academic studies and the way that they're funded and run, just don't provide that scale.

學術研究和它們的資助和運行方式，只是沒有提供這種規模。

Through the Juno study, we've built one of the world's richest and most representative

通過朱諾研究，我們已經建立了世界上最豐富和最具代表性的

repositories of the vaginal microbiome.

陰道微生物組的儲存庫。

-Because yes—we do see differences in microbiome

-因為是的-我們確實看到了微生物組的差異

makeup across ethnicities and geographic areas, across different kinds of diets, and between

不同種族和地理區域、不同種類的飲食以及不同年齡段的人之間的構成。

vaginas and neovaginas— or vaginas that have been surgically constructed. ​

陰道和新陰道--或經過手術建造的陰道。

So companies like Juno Bio and research teams all over the world—like the one I'm working

是以，像朱諾生物這樣的公司和世界各地的研究團隊--就像我正在工作的那個團隊一樣

with—are trying to dig deeper and generate more data about the vaginal microbiome.

他們正試圖更深入地挖掘併產生更多關於陰道微生物組的數據。

This will let us understand how these invisible creatures work, so that people with vaginas

這將讓我們瞭解這些無形的生物是如何工作的，從而使有陰道的人

don't have to put up with conditions that the world treats as insignificant,

不需要忍受被世界視為無足輕重的條件。

but that as we've seen—actually have an oversized effect on our overall health.

但正如我們所看到的，這實際上對我們的整體健康有很大的影響。

This research could lead to exciting developments like standardization of probiotics as complimentary

這項研究可能會帶來令人興奮的發展，如益生菌的標準化，作為免費的補充。

therapy for BV; Better, more accurate screening tools to identify those at risk for preterm

更好、更準確的篩查工具，以確定有早產風險的人。

birth; and... -vaginal microbiome transplants. So in 2019,

生；以及...-陰道微生物組的移植。所以在2019年。

we had the first ever paper that showed that actually, if you take a vaginal microbiome

我們有史以來第一篇論文表明，實際上，如果你採取陰道微生物組

sample from a healthy woman, and place it into a woman who's dysbiotic, you can actually

將一個健康婦女的樣本放入一個有益生菌障礙的婦女體內，你實際上可以

cure things like intractable bacterial vaginosis.

治療像頑固性細菌性陰道病。

Because it's not just about you. Your microbiome can affect

因為它不只是關於你。 你的微生物組可以影響

the health of your sexual partners, and if you have a child, passing through the vaginal

你的性伴侶的健康，如果你有一個孩子，通過陰道的

canal is that baby's introduction to its microbial world,

運河是嬰兒對其微生物世界的介紹。

setting up its microbiome maybe for life. But you can see just how many different lives

設置其微生物組也許是為了生活。但你可以看到有多少不同的生命

and fields are impacted by and involved in this aspect of female-bodied health.

在女性身體健康的這個方面，有很多機構和領域受到影響並參與其中。

-We need a multidisciplinary approach and it's super important to have

-我們需要一種多學科的方法，並且擁有超級重要的

scientists, clinicians, and the women that experience the conditions

科學家、臨床醫生和經歷這些情況的婦女

associated with them all involved in decoding the vaginal microbiome.

與他們相關的都是參與解碼陰道微生物組的人。

And the impact that it has on our health.

以及它對我們的健康產生的影響。

-I feel really lucky to have found my niche in this fascinating field

-我感到非常幸運，在這個迷人的領域找到了自己的定位

and I'm hoping to go on to do a PhD in exactly this.

我希望能在這方面繼續攻讀博士學位。

So if you have questions, I hope to be part of finding the answers for all of us.

是以，如果你有問題，我希望能成為為我們所有人找到答案的一部分。

But for now, let me leave you with

但現在，讓我留給你的是

this. The best part about your vagina is that it's

這一點。你的陰道最好的部分是它

really good at keeping you healthy, if you let it.

如果你允許的話，它真的能讓你保持健康。

Say it with me: no scented products, no soap, no douching.

和我一起說：不使用有香味的產品，不使用肥皂，不進行沖洗。

Just let it do its normal thing, and get in touch with what that normal is for you.

就讓它做它正常的事情，並接觸到對你來說正常是什麼。

Thanks so much for watching Seeker's new series Body Language. I hope you've enjoyed this

非常感謝您觀看Seeker的新系列《身體語言》。我希望你喜歡這個

video. And if there's another women's health topic you want us to cover,

視頻。如果你有其他的女性健康話題希望我們報道。

leave us a comment.

請給我們留言。

I'll see you next time!

下一次見!