And I'm Sam.

我是珊姆。

So, how are you today, Sam?

你今天過得如何，珊姆？

Don't ask, Rob! Today's been a nightmare!

別問了，羅伯！今天簡直是場噩夢。

This morning I ripped my jeans and later my computer stopped working!

今天上午我不小心撕破了我的牛仔褲，後來我的電腦還故障了！

Then, when I tried taking it to a repair shop, my car wouldn't start!

然後我本來想試著把它帶到維修處修理，結果我的車子也發不動了！

Oh no, that's terrible!

哦，不，真是太糟了！

And the really bad news is that in today's consumer culture, when something breaks we usually throw it away and buy a new one, instead of trying to repair it.

而真正的壞消息是，在今日的消費者文化中，當某件物品壞掉時我們通常會直接丟掉並購買一件新的，而不是試著去修理它。

In this programme, we'll learn all about repairing broken things by asking what would happen if we stopped junking and got better at fixing.

在本節目中，我們將藉由探索如果我們不再隨意拋棄物品而是多加修理，深入瞭解修理損壞物品的好處。

The world generates over two billion tonnes of rubbish every year.

全世界每年能產出超過二十億噸的垃圾。

So we're visiting companies in Sweden making it easier to mend things when they break instead of replacing them - whether that's clothes, bikes or washing machines.

因此我們訪問了幾家位於瑞典的公司。他們致力於讓修理物品變得更加容易，好讓人們不會直接替換它們－不論這些物品是衣物、腳踏車或是洗衣機。

And my quiz question is about one of those companies - Fixi, a repair service that collects broken bikes from your door and brings them back fixed.

而我的測驗問題是關於其中的一個公司：Fixi。這是一個會直接上門領取你壞掉的腳踏車，在修好之後再送還給你的維修服務。

The company was started by Rafi Mohammad, a student of Industrial Innovation at the University of Stockholm.

該公司由 Rafi Mohammad 成立，他是一個就讀於斯德哥爾摩大學，工業革新系的學生。

But what was the inspiration behind Rafi's idea?

但是啟發了 Rafi 點子的是什麼契機？

Was it: a) he wanted to impress his girlfriend?, b) he was sick of breathing in the city's car fumes?, or c) he was late for his lecture because of a flat tyre?

會是：a) 他想要打動他的女朋友？、b) 他已經受夠了城市中汽車所產生的廢氣？或是 c) 他因為輪胎沒氣了而在講課上遲到了？

I'll say a) he wanted to impress his girlfriend.

我猜是 a) 他想要打動他的女朋友。

OK, Sam, we'll find out about Rafi and his love life later on.

好的，珊姆，我們會在之後再來瞭解 Rafi 與他的感情生活。

But whatever the inspiration behind it, Rafi's idea was a success - Fixi took more than six hundred orders in its first six months.

但無論如何背後的靈感是什麼，Rafi 的這個想法是成功的。Fixi 在創立的前六個月便收到了超過六百份訂單。

Rafi's isn't the only Swedish company helping people fix things instead of buying new.

Rafi 的公司並不是唯一一個幫助人們修理物品而非購買新的替換品的瑞典公司。

Denim company, Nudie Jeans, was started with a focus on ethics and sustainability.

Nudie Jeans 牛仔褲公司是以注重道德和可持續性為宗旨而創立的。

At 150 dollars a pair, Nudie jeans aren't cheap, but they do promise free repairs for life, from ripped knees to torn pockets.

Nudie Jeans 的牛仔褲一件要價 150 美元，雖然價格並不便宜，但他們提供了永久免費維修服務，不論是褲膝破損或口袋破洞都涵蓋在內。

BBC World Service programme, People Fixing the World, asked students Felix and Fabia Morgen, why they bought the jeans, despite the high price tag.

BBC 世界頻道「修遍世界 (People Fixing the World)」節目訪問了學生 Felix 與 Fabia Morgen ，想瞭解儘管價格昂貴，卻仍要購買他們家牛仔褲的原因。

It's just been a given that when your jeans break, you throw them away, so when I heard that you can repair them easily without any cost then it was a bit of a no-brainer for me.

我們都把在牛仔褲壞掉的時候就直接丟掉當作理所當然的事情，所以當我聽到可以免費維修的時候我想都沒想就接受了。

I really liked the way they looked, so for me it's worth it to buy more expensive but stuff that I really like.

我真的很喜歡外觀的設計，所以對我來說用昂貴一點的價格買到我真心喜歡的東西是值得的。

Felix says that throwing out old jeans is a given - something that is just assumed to happen.

Felix 說把舊的牛仔褲直接丟掉是理所當然 (a given) 的，也就是本來就覺得會發生的事情。

For him, buying Nudie jeans is a no-brainer - a decision that's very easy to make.

對他來說，要不要購買 Nudie 牛仔褲是一個想都不用想的問題 (a no-brainer)，也就是能輕易做判斷的決定。

And Fabia agrees. She doesn't mind paying more for stuff she really likes.

而 Fabia 也同意。她並不介意花多一點的錢買他所喜歡的東西。

Here, 'stuff' is an informal way to say personal objects and possessions.

在這裡「東西 (stuff)」是一種用來描述個人物品或財產的非正式用語。

Even though they're good at recycling, people in wealthy Sweden still buy lots of new stuff, and they have a big carbon footprint for a country of just 10 million.

雖然瑞典人的回收習慣很好，但在這個富有的國家人們仍會購買非常多的新物品，並有著對僅一千萬人口而言相當大量的碳足跡。

But it's interesting that all the innovators behind these companies say that in their grandparents' day, it was normal to repair, fix and mend broken stuff.

但有趣的是，創立這些公司的創新者們都表示在自己祖父母生活的年代，修理、修復和修補壞掉的東西是再正常不過的事情。

Jessika Richter is a researcher at Lund University.

Jessika Richter 是一位隆德大學的研究員。

She thinks repairing is an endangered activity that we used to do more of, both individually and as a society.

她認為修理是一種逐漸式微的活動，而在過去不論是個人或是整個社會都經常進行。

Here she is talking to BBC World Service's, People Fixing the World programme, about the need to get back in touch with older ways of doing things:

他在接受 BBC 世界頻道「修遍世界 (People Fixing the World)」節目採訪時，談論了我們回到過去做事方法的必要性：

It really is a peer effect and a culture that we're trying to foster here - changing a culture of consumption.

我們正試著要培養出一種同儕效應與文化，來改變消費的文化。

The more people that are repairing and the more people that are choosing to buy repair services or more repairable products, the more we will see this going mainstream - and it used to be mainstream, so that's what makes me positive too,

著重於修理的人，以及購買修理服務或可修理產品的人越多，我們便越有可能看到這個文化成為主流 (而它確實也曾是主流)，因此這也是讓我對此保有自信的原因

that it is in some ways a return to what we used to be able as a society to do more of.

它其實也是我們做為一個社會，回歸到過去能夠做更多的狀態。

Stories about Sweden's repair shops spread between friends and Jessika thinks this creates a peer effect - the positive or negative influence friends have on the way you behave.

瑞典維修店的情報往往在朋友間口耳相傳，而 Jessika 認為這便產生了一種同儕效應 (peer effect)：朋友對你行為的正面或負面影響。

She hopes this will foster - or encourage to grow - a new culture of sustainable consumption.

他希望這能夠培養 (foster) ，也就是鼓勵成長一種新型態的永續消費文化。

So that fixing broken stuff will be mainstream, or be considered normal, once again.

好讓修理物品能夠再次成為主流 (mainstream)，也就是被認為是正常的事情。

Yes, that's a big part of the problem - repairing was something we all used to do, but seem to have forgotten.

沒錯，整個問題有很大的一部分在於人們曾經都會修理東西，但現在似乎卻忘記怎麼做了。

Hopefully, we'll all be inspired to start fixing things again, or at least pay someone else to!

希望我們能藉此機會開始修理手邊的物品，或至少付錢交給別人修理！

And speaking of inspiration, what was the answer to your quiz question, Rob?

說到啟發，羅伯你先前提出問題的答案是什麼？

Ah yes, so I asked about the inspiration behind Rafi Mohammad's company, Fixi.

啊，對了，我問的是，是什麼啟發了 Rafi Mohammad 創立 Fixi 公司。

And I think he started the bike repair service to a) impress his girlfriend. Was I right?

我猜他成立了腳踏車維修服務，來 a) 打動他的女朋友。我說的對嗎？

Ah Sam, that's very romantic - but the correct answer was c) he was late for his lecture because of a flat tyre.

啊，珊姆你真是浪漫，但正確答案是 c) 他因為輪胎沒氣了而在講課上遲到了。

Well, I'm sure if he had a broken heart, he'd be able to mend it.

這個嘛，我相信就算他心碎了，也能自己修理好。

Indeed. Well, in this programme, we've been hearing about repairing broken stuff - things, or personal possessions.

確實如此。在本節目中，我們談論了修理損壞的東西 (stuff)：雜物，或是個人物品。

That people would fix something broken used to be a given - assumed to be true or certain to happen.

過去人們曾認為修理東西是理所當然的 (a given)：被人為是正確或肯定會發生的事情。

Repairing things used to be a no-brainer - the obvious choice.

修理用過的東西曾經是不需思考的事情 (a no-brainer)：也就是明顯的選擇。

A peer effect is influence of peers and friends on someone's behaviour.

同儕效應 (peer effect) 是一種同儕與朋友對某人行為的影響。

Some Swedish companies are trying to foster - or encourage the development of - a new culture of consumption.

一些瑞典公司試圖培養 (foster)，也就是鼓勵發展，一種新的消費文化。

So that once again, fixing things is mainstream - accepted as normal or common practice.

如此樣一來，修理便能再度成為主流 (mainstream)：也就是被作為正常或通常的作法所接受。

Well, that's all from us. Bye for now!

好的，今天的節目就到此告一段落。再見囉！

Bye bye!

再見！