I'm tom And joining me this morning is Katherine.

我是湯姆，今天早上加入我的是凱瑟琳。

Good morning Catherine.

早上好，凱瑟琳。

Hello tom Hello everybody.

你好，湯姆 大家好。

Today's story is about athletics and it's from the Tokyo olympics.

今天的故事是關於田徑的，它來自東京奧運會。

And don't forget if you want to test yourself on the vocabulary that we study today.

如果你想測試自己今天學習的詞彙，也不要忘記。

There is a quiz at the website BBC learning english dot com.

在網站BBC learning english dot com上有一個測驗。

Now, let's hear more about this story from a BBC radio news report.

現在，讓我們從英國廣播公司的新聞報道中聽到更多關於這個故事的資訊。

The New Zealand weightlifter, Laurel, Hubbard is set to become the first transgender athletes to compete at the Olympics.

紐西蘭舉重運動員勞雷爾-哈伯德將成為第一個參加奧運會的變性運動員。

The country's Olympic Committee has named her as part of the women's team for the Tokyo Games, Hubbard competed in men's competitions before transitioning in 2012.

該國奧委會已指定她為東京奧運會女隊的一員，哈伯德在2012年轉型之前曾參加過男子比賽。

So an athlete from New Zealand is to enter the Tokyo olympics.

是以，一名來自紐西蘭的運動員將參加東京奧運會。

Lauren Hubbard is a weightlifter, she is also transgender, she was born male and identifies now as female.

勞倫-哈伯德是一名舉重運動員，她也是變性人，她出生時是男性，現在認同為女性。

Hobart is in the news because this is the first time a transgender athlete has competed in the olympics, Herbert will be on the new Zealand women's team.

霍巴特之所以成為新聞，是因為這是第一次有變性運動員參加奧運會，赫伯特將參加紐西蘭女隊的比賽。

In the past, Herbert has competed on men's teams, but this year it will be the women's team.

過去，赫伯特在男隊參賽，但今年將是女隊參賽。

Now we've got three words and expressions from the world's media that we can use to talk about this story.

現在我們有三個來自世界媒體的詞彙和表達方式，我們可以用來談論這個故事。

Right?

對嗎？

Yes, we have trans bruise and polarizing trends, bruise and polarizing.

是的，我們有反式挫傷和兩極化的趨勢，挫傷和兩極化。

Okay, let's get going.

好了，讓我們開始吧。

Catherine, can we have a look at your first headline please?

凱瑟琳，我們可以看看你的第一個標題嗎？

Yes, we're starting here in the UK with the Guardian, the headline.

是的，我們在英國從《衛報》開始，頭條新聞。

Trans weightlifter laurel Hubbard set to make history at Tokyo olympics trends, transgender.

變性舉重運動員勞雷爾-哈伯德將在東京奧運會上創造歷史的趨勢，變性人。

Very important word for today's story.

對今天的故事來說，這是一個非常重要的詞。

Katherine.

凱瑟琳。

What can you tell us?

你能告訴我們什麼？

Okay, Trans T R A N S, yep.

好的，跨T R A N S，是的。

It means transgender.

它意味著變性人。

It's a short way of saying transgender.

這是對變性人的一種簡短說法。

Let's look at trans is wider meaning is over across all through we use it as a prefix.

讓我們來看看反式是更廣泛的意義是超過所有通過我們使用它作為一個前綴。

So you can talk about something like a transatlantic flight.

是以，你可以談論像跨大西洋飛行這樣的事情。

If you take a plane from europe to America or America to europe, that's a transatlantic flight, it crosses the atlantic ocean.

如果你坐飛機從歐洲到美國或美國到歐洲，那就是跨大西洋飛行，它跨越了大西洋。

If you travel across Russia by train, you're probably on the trans Siberian express, the train that traveled all the way across Russia and we use it in words like transfer or transmit to talk about going from one place to another.

如果你乘坐火車穿越俄羅斯，你可能乘坐的是跨西伯利亞快車，這列火車一路穿越俄羅斯，我們在轉移或傳送等詞中使用它來談論從一個地方到另一個地方的問題。

So back to transgender, if you change your gender or you have agenda, a sex that you feel is not the one you were born with.

所以回到變性人，如果你改變了你的性別，或者你有議程，一個你覺得不是你出生時的性別。

So you're a man who then lives as a woman or you were born a woman and you live as a man, you are transgender.

是以，你是一個男人，然後以女人的身份生活，或者你生為女人，以男人的身份生活，你就是變性人。

Now, that's a very simplified way of explaining transgender.

現在，這是一種非常簡化的解釋跨性別者的方式。

There are a lot of details and issues around transgenderism, which we don't have time to go in today, but trans is short for transgender and that's a brief summary of what it is.

圍繞變性有很多細節和問題，我們今天沒有時間去研究，但變性是變性人的簡稱，這就是對變性的簡單概括。

Okay, so transgender people, they kind of feel that their true nature or gender identity doesn't match the sex that they were given at birth.

好的，所以變性人，他們覺得他們的真實本性或性別認同與他們出生時的性別不相符。

Can you give us some examples of when we could use trans or transgender there in a sentence.

你能給我們一些例子，說明我們什麼時候可以在一個句子中使用trans或transgender there。

Catherine.

凱瑟琳。

Sure.

當然。

So in the case of laurel Herbert, we can say laurel Hubbard is a transgender athlete or we can shorten it and say laurel Hubbard is a trans athlete.

是以，在勞拉-赫伯特的案例中，我們可以說勞拉-赫伯特是一名變性運動員，或者我們可以縮短它，說勞拉-赫伯特是一名變性運動員。

Or we can say laurel Hubbard is transgender or just laurel Hubbard is trans.

或者我們可以說勞拉-哈伯德是變性人，或者只是勞拉-哈伯德是變性人。

So trans is an objective.

所以反式是一個目標。

We could have it now like athletes.

我們現在可以像運動員一樣擁有它。

So laurel Hubbard, transgender athletes or we could just say laurel Hubbard is transgender.

是以，勞拉-哈伯德，變性運動員，或者我們可以直接說勞拉-哈伯德是變性人。

Okay, let's move on to our summary slide.

好的，讓我們繼續看我們的總結幻燈片。

Mm.

嗯。

Mhm mm.

Mhm mm。

Okay, we're talking about the Tokyo olympics.

好吧，我們正在談論東京奧運會。

They're everywhere at the moment.

目前，它們無處不在。

We did another broadcast on the Tokyo olympics recently.

我們最近又做了一次關於東京奧運會的廣播。

Right.

對。

Catherine.

凱瑟琳。

We did talking about the effect of climate change on the temperature in Tokyo and the result on athletes potentially.

我們確實談到了氣候變化對東京氣溫的影響以及對運動員的潛在影響。

So just click the link to watch.

是以，只要點擊鏈接就可以觀看。

Just click the link to watch.

只要點擊鏈接就可以觀看。

Great, Okay, Catherine, let's have a look at your second headline today, please.

很好，好的，凱瑟琳，讓我們看看你今天的第二個標題，請。

And we're in Canada now with cbc, the headline.

而我們現在在加拿大的cbc，頭條新聞。

Polarizing topic sides grapple with fairness of trans women competing on female teams.

兩極分化的話題雙方爭論變性婦女在女性團隊中競爭的公平性。

Polarizing.

偏振。

Very divisive.

非常具有分裂性。

Catherine.

凱瑟琳。

Tell us about polarizing please.

請告訴我們偏振的情況。

Yes.

是的。

It's spelled P O L A R I S I N G.

它的拼寫是P O L A R I S I N G。

If you're in the UK, if you speak american english, it's spelled with a Z as it is in this headline, but the disease is an S in british english.

如果你在英國，如果你說的是美式英語，就像這個標題中一樣，用Z來拼寫，但這個病在英式英語中是一個S。

So if something is polarizing, it's very, very divisive.

是以，如果有什麼東西是兩極化的，那就是非常、非常有分歧的。

Let's talk about the word polar to start with Now, tom if you go as far north as you possibly can on this planet, where will you be?

讓我們先談談極地這個詞 現在，湯姆如果你在這個星球上儘可能地往北走，你會在哪裡？

I suppose I would be at the north pole, You would and if I go as far south as I possibly can, I will be at the South Pole and can we go further apart?

我想我會在北極，你會，如果我儘可能往南走，我就會在南極，我們能不能走得更遠？

We could not physically be any further apart.

我們在身體上不可能有任何距離。

Okay, we'll be as far apart as it's possible to be.

好吧，我們會盡可能地相距甚遠。

And I guess this is where we get the figurative use right?

我想這就是我們得到比喻性使用的地方吧？

Exactly that.

正是如此。

So if you are polar opposites was just a common expression, you have completely different opinions.

是以，如果你們是兩極對立只是一個常見的說法，你們有完全不同的意見。

There's nothing you can agree on about this particular topic.

關於這個特定的話題，你們沒有什麼可以達成共識的。

So if something is a polarizing topic, it makes people really have very, very, very different opinions.

是以，如果某件事情是一個極化的話題，它使人們真的有非常、非常、非常不同的意見。

And this is an example of laurel Hubbard and competing on a female team when her sex at birth was male, people have very very strong opinions.

而這是勞爾-哈伯德的一個例子，在她出生時的性別是男性的情況下參加女隊比賽，人們有非常非常強烈的意見。

Very different opinions.

非常不同的意見。

So this is a very polarizing topic and we can use the verb as well can't we?

所以這是一個非常兩極化的話題，我們也可以用動詞，不是嗎？

To polarize like a topic has the power to polarize people.

要像一個話題一樣，有能力讓人們兩極分化。

Put them in different positions.

把它們放在不同的位置。

Can you give us any more examples when we could use a polarizing or polarize?

你能給我們舉出更多的例子，我們什麼時候可以使用偏振或偏光？

Well, I mean there's many, we often see it in politics.

好吧，我的意思是有很多，我們經常在政治上看到它。

So you could say that donald trump was a polarizing character.

所以你可以說唐納德-特朗普是一個兩極化的人物。

He polarized lots of people with his opinions.

他的觀點使很多人兩極分化。

He had lots of polarising policies.

他有很多兩極分化的政策。

We can talk about current situations and arguments over you know, Covid and the vaccine and the lockdown.

我們可以談論當前的情況和關於你知道的科維德和疫苗以及封鎖的爭論。

All those are very polarizing topics.

所有這些都是非常兩極化的話題。

Recently we had Brexit and there was very strong and very different opinions about Brexit.

最近我們有了英國脫歐，對英國脫歐有非常強烈和非常不同的意見。

So in politics and in your personal life we can talk about things that polarize people.

是以，在政治和你的個人生活中，我們可以談論使人兩極分化的事情。

It means it makes them have really, really different opinions.

這意味著它使他們有非常、非常不同的意見。

Brilliant.

輝煌。

Okay let's not polarize.

好吧，讓我們不要兩極分化。

Let's bring everything together.

讓我們把一切都集中起來。

And let's have our summary slide for this piece of Lexus please.

請讓我們為雷克薩斯這塊的總結幻燈片。

So arguments in sports can be polarizing.

是以，體育界的爭論可能是兩極化的。

They can create strong opinions.

他們可以產生強烈的意見。

We have another news review about an argument in sport.

我們有另一篇關於體育界爭論的新聞評論。

Right?

對嗎？

We do this all.

我們都是這樣做的。

It's all about Nike and advertising.

這都是關於耐克和廣告。

To find out what happened.

要查明發生了什麼。

Just click the link.

只需點擊鏈接。

Just click that link.

只要點擊那個鏈接。

All right, excellent.

好的，很好。

Catherine.

凱瑟琳。

Let's have a look at your third piece of language for today please.

讓我們來看看你今天的第三段話，謝謝。

Yes, we are now going to India were in the Indian Express and the headline is controversy brews over transgender weightlifter set to create history at Tokyo olympics.

是的，我們現在要去印度，在《印度快報》上，標題是變性舉重運動員將在東京奧運會上創造歷史，爭議正在醞釀。

Okay, bruise become stronger Catherine.

好了，瘀傷變得更強壯了，凱瑟琳。

What can you tell us about the word bruise?

你能告訴我們關於瘀傷這個詞的什麼？

It's a verb, B R E W S and if something bruise it becomes stronger now.

這是一個動詞，B R E W S，如果某樣東西出現淤傷，它現在就會變得更強壯。

Tom you, you are fond of a cup of tea on you.

湯姆你，你很喜歡在你身上放一杯茶。

I have a cup of tea right now.

我現在有一杯茶。

Yes.

是的。

How do you like your cheese?

你喜歡怎樣的奶酪？

We go strong.

我們走得很強。

I mean it depends.

我的意思是這取決於。

Sometimes I leave the tea bag in to brew to brew.

有時我把茶包留在裡面沖泡，以便沖泡。

That's right.

這就對了。

So if you make a cup of tea and you leave your tea bag or your tea leaves in the water for a long time, the T bruise for longer and longer gets stronger and stronger.

是以，如果你泡一杯茶，把你的茶包或茶葉放在水中很長時間，T型瘀傷的時間越來越長，變得越來越強。

So brewing is the process of creating T.

是以，釀酒是創造T的過程。

Or we also use it with beer.

或者我們也用它來搭配啤酒。

You can brew beer, the alcoholic drink and the longer you leave it, the stronger it gets.

你可以釀造啤酒，這種酒精飲料，你放置的時間越長，它就越強。

Now.

現在。

Bring that back to the idea of arguments, controversial topics.

把這一點帶回到爭論的想法上，有爭議的話題。

If a controversy is brewing it's getting stronger.

如果爭議正在醞釀，它就會越來越強烈。

And I guess we when we make beer or when we make tea we add heat as well don't we?

我想我們在釀製啤酒或泡茶時也會加入熱量，不是嗎？

So we could say it's getting more heated as well.

是以，我們可以說它也在變得更加激烈。

It can be yes I think you definitely need heat when you make tea and a little bit of won't for beer.

可以是的，我認為你在泡茶的時候肯定需要熱量，而泡啤酒則需要一點不會。

But yes it's that idea of getting hotter and stronger and developing over time.

但是，是的，它是那種隨著時間的推移變得更熱、更強、更有發展的想法。

So we use it in everyday english for negative things controversy arguments, disagreements when you know that they're coming and they're getting stronger and people are talking about it and you know and arguments about to develop and explode.

所以我們在日常英語中用它來表示負面的東西，有爭議的爭論，分歧，當你知道它們即將到來，它們越來越強，人們正在談論它，你知道和爭論即將發展和爆發。

You could you get that feeling that it's coming it's brewing?

你能感覺到它正在到來，它正在醞釀？

Okay fantastic.

好的太棒了。

That's the verb to brew.

那是醞釀的動詞。

And we also have a noun form don't we Which is a bit more basic and slightly different cooper t let's have a brew.

我們還有一種名詞形式，即 "我們"（don't we），這是一種更基本的形式，與 "我們"（let's have a brew）稍有不同。

Let's have a brew.

讓我們來喝杯酒。

Yeah a brew it just means a hot drink in the U.

是的，啤酒在美國只是意味著一種熱飲。

K.

K.

So you could say make me a brew or it's not grammatically correct.

所以你可以說給我做個啤酒，否則在文法上就不正確了。

But we always say make us a brew which just make us a brew particularly in the north of England I think in the southwest.

但我們總是說，讓我們的啤酒，特別是在英格蘭北部，我想在西南部，讓我們的啤酒。

So particularly in our homeland.

所以特別是在我們的祖國。

Hey Catherine.

嘿，凱瑟琳。

Yeah go go a nice brew.

是的，去喝杯好酒吧。

Okay I'm gonna go make a brew.

好吧，我要去釀酒了。

Well I do that.

好吧，我是這麼做的。

Let's have that summary slide please.

讓我們來看看那張總結性的幻燈片，謝謝。

Mhm.

嗯。

Mhm.

嗯。

Mhm mm.

Mhm mm。

Okay.

好的。

Catherine can we have a recap of today's vocabulary please?

凱瑟琳能不能給我們回顧一下今天的詞彙？

Yes we started with trans which means transgender.

是的，我們從Trans開始，意思是變性人。

Then we had polarizing meaning very divisive and we finished on bruise which means becomes stronger.

然後我們有兩極分化，意思是非常分裂，我們以瘀傷結束，意思是變得更強大。

Fantastic.

太棒了。

Thank you Catherine.

謝謝你，凱瑟琳。

Okay that's all from us today.

好了，我們今天就講到這裡。

Thanks for being here.

謝謝你來到這裡。

See you next time and good bye bye.

下一次見，再見。