I am dr Seema Yasmin.

我是Seema Yasmin醫生。

I'm an expert in epidemics, the spread of disease and the spread of misinformation about disease.

我是流行病、疾病的傳播和關於疾病的錯誤信息的傳播方面的專家。

Over the next few weeks, I'll be responding directly to your questions as you send them to me.

在接下來的幾周裡，我將直接回答你的問題，因為你把它們發給了我。

But right now, what I want to do is go through the 50 most googled questions about coronavirus asked this week, Starting from 50 and working down to one.

但現在，我想做的是瀏覽一下本週在谷歌上搜索最多的50個關於冠狀病毒的問題，從50個開始，一直到一個。

Yeah, Question 50 will corona virus mutate.

是的，第50題將日冕病毒變異。

So right off the bat, we're talking about the new coronavirus.

所以一開始，我們就在談論新的冠狀病毒。

It's real name is SARS COv two and it's part of this family of viruses called corona viruses.

它的真名是SARS COv two，是被稱為日冕病毒的這個病毒家族的一部分。

And yes, like every virus this novel corona virus does mutate even though it has mutated, it doesn't seem to have mutated in a way that makes any meaningful difference to the way it spreads or causes disease in humans are symptoms sudden so they could be sudden onset.

是的，像每一種病毒一樣，這種新型冠狀病毒確實會變異，即使它已經變異，但它似乎並沒有以一種對它的傳播方式或對人類的致病方式產生任何有意義的差異的方式變異，症狀是突然的，所以它們可能是突然發生的。

But we see that more with the influenza virus, it looks like with covid 19 symptoms can be more gradual.

但我們看到，更多的是流感病毒，看起來與covid 19的症狀可以更漸進。

Does coronavirus affect animals?

冠狀病毒是否影響動物？

So, yes, it can.

所以，是的，它可以。

And it looks like this coronavirus may have originated in a bat, gone to another animal and then arrived in humans.

而且看起來這種冠狀病毒可能起源於一隻蝙蝠，到了另一種動物身上，然後來到了人類身上。

Does coronavirus kill healthy people?

冠狀病毒是否會殺死健康人？

Yes, it can.

是的，它可以。

And that's why we're making this point about social distancing.

這就是為什麼我們要提出這個關於社會距離的觀點。

The higher death rates are in older people and people with preexisting conditions and a suppressed immune system.

死亡率較高的是老年人和有先天性疾病和免疫系統受抑制的人。

Can I get infected with the new coronavirus if I'm wearing a mask?

如果我戴著口罩，會被感染新的冠狀病毒嗎？

Yes, but it does greatly reduce your chance of getting infected.

是的，但它確實大大減少了你被感染的機會。

The point here, though, is that because we have this massive shortage of masks, were encouraging people not to wear them unless they really need them, meaning they have symptoms or their near somebody who has symptoms.

不過，這裡的重點是，由於我們有這種大規模的口罩短缺，我們鼓勵人們不要戴口罩，除非他們真的需要，即他們有症狀或他們附近的人有症狀。

Because we want to conserve as many masters possible for our first responders and healthcare workers.

因為我們希望為我們的第一反應者和醫療工作者保存儘可能多的大師。

When will a vaccine come?

疫苗何時會來？

Right now?

現在？

We're seeing the beginnings of Phase one clinical trials.

我們看到第一階段臨床試驗的雛形。

And the Phase one is where you're testing it only in healthy volunteers and a very small group of them.

第一階段是你只在健康的志願者中進行測試，而且是非常小的群體。

From that point, it's then at least 18 months.

從這一點來看，然後至少是18個月。

If not many years before you have a vaccine that both works and can be scaled up, do coronavirus symptoms come and go from the time somebody gets infected, it takes on average about five days for them to show symptoms.

如果沒有多少年，你有一種既有效又能擴大規模的疫苗，冠狀病毒的症狀會不會從某人被感染的時候就開始出現，他們平均需要五天左右才會出現症狀。

But it could be as early as two days or as long as 14 days.

但它可能早至2天或長至14天。

Once somebody is sick, it can be anywhere from around 2 to 6 weeks that they continue to have these symptoms.

一旦有人患病，可能會在2至6周內持續出現這些症狀。

Why is it named coronavirus?

為什麼它被命名為冠狀病毒？

When you look at it under an electron microscope, you see this.

當你在電子顯微鏡下觀察它時，你會看到這個。

The virus is studied with the spike proteins and they give it the appearance of having a halo or a crown and corona happens to be the latin word for crown.

對該病毒進行研究的是穗狀蛋白，它們使其看起來有一個光環或冠狀物，而冠狀物恰好是拉丁語中的冠狀物。

Did coronavirus slowdown in china?

冠狀病毒在中國的發展速度放緩了嗎？

Yes, the virus seems to have reached a peak on the epidemic curve and then cases started to decline.

是的，該病毒似乎已經達到了流行曲線上的一個峰值，然後病例開始下降。

When was coronavirus discovered?

冠狀病毒是什麼時候發現的？

So it was back in december around december 26 that a chinese physician noticed an unusual pneumonia.

是以，早在12月26日前後，一位中國醫生就注意到一種不尋常的肺炎。

And then it was on january 7th that the new virus was identified.

然後是在1月7日，新的病毒被確認。

Will coronavirus go away in the summer?

冠狀病毒會在夏天消失嗎？

It's unlikely.

這是不可能的。

And especially here in the states will coronavirus affect the stock market?

特別是在美國本土，冠狀病毒會不會影響股市？

Yes, we've already seen that happen.

是的，我們已經看到這種情況發生了。

Why is coronavirus called novel?

為什麼冠狀病毒被稱為新型病毒？

Novel?

小說？

Just means new.

只是意味著新的。

Has coronavirus been around before that family of coronavirus is has been around for a very long time.

冠狀病毒之前已經存在，冠狀病毒家族已經存在了很長時間。

Four of them are what caused the common cold in us.

其中有四個是造成我們普通感冒的原因。

But this particular one, SARS-COv-2, is brand new.

但是這個特殊的SARS-COv-2，是全新的。

Does coronavirus need isolation when somebody has symptoms?

當有人出現症狀時，冠狀病毒是否需要隔離？

We know they're contagious.

我們知道他們是會傳染的。

We want to keep them away from others to prevent the spread of disease.

我們希望讓他們遠離其他人，以防止疾病的傳播。

What are coronavirus symptoms?

什麼是冠狀病毒的症狀？

It causes fever, cough, shortness of breath And it can cause very severe pneumonias and potentially even death walk coronavirus go away.

它引起發燒、咳嗽、呼吸急促，並可能導致非常嚴重的肺炎，甚至有可能導致死亡，而冠狀病毒會消失。

Probably not totally.

可能不完全是。

Look at what happened with H1N1 flu in 2009.

看看2009年甲型H1N1流感發生了什麼。

It caused a pandemic that year and now it's a commonly circulating flu.

那年它引起了一場大流行，現在它是一種普遍流通的流感。

It's likely we'll see the same thing with this novel coronavirus.

我們很可能會在這種新型冠狀病毒上看到同樣的情況。

Did coronavirus come from snakes?

冠狀病毒來自於蛇嗎？

Highly unlikely.

非常不可能。

Why did the coronavirus start in China, China's a country of more than 1.3 billion people.

為什麼冠狀病毒會在中國開始，中國是一個擁有超過13億人口的國家。

The chances of something starting there are just higher than starting in a smaller country and increasingly all of us, humans are living in closer proximity to animals.

在那裡開始的機會只是比在一個較小的國家開始的機會高，而且我們所有人，人類越來越多地生活在與動物更接近的地方。

So this happened in china, but it could have happened in many places.

所以這發生在中國，但它可能發生在許多地方。

Can coronavirus spread through water?

冠狀病毒能通過水傳播嗎？

So.

所以。

No, there's no evidence right now that the virus can spread through water.

不，現在沒有證據表明該病毒可以通過水傳播。

Will coronavirus end the world?

冠狀病毒會結束世界嗎？

No, let's all take a collective deep breath.

不，讓我們集體深呼吸一下。

I know it feels like the end of the world, but it isn't.

我知道這感覺像世界末日，但它不是。

Is coronavirus in Mexico?

冠狀病毒在墨西哥嗎？

Yes, it has spread.

是的，它已經蔓延。

There can coronavirus spread through close.

有可能冠狀病毒通過近距離傳播。

Yes, it looks like the virus can survive on fabrics which coronavirus is in china.

是的，看起來病毒可以在中國的冠狀病毒的織物上生存。

I think this question is asking about the new coronavirus called SARS cov two.

我認為這個問題問的是新的冠狀病毒，叫做SARS cov two。

Can the coronavirus be stopped?

冠狀病毒能被阻止嗎？

Yes, it can eventually with isolating people who are sick practicing social distancing what the pandemic is at its peak.

是的，它最終可以與隔離生病的人實行社會疏遠，什麼大流行病的高峰期。

And also developing antiviral treatments and vaccines.

而且還在開發抗病毒治療和疫苗。

Can the coronavirus live on surfaces?

冠狀病毒能在表面生存嗎？

Yes, we think it can survive on surfaces anywhere from a few hours to a few days, but it depends on the exact type of surface and on the environmental conditions.

是的，我們認為它可以在任何地方的表面上生存，從幾小時到幾天，但這取決於具體的表面類型和環境條件。

Was coronavirus engineered?

冠狀病毒是經過設計的嗎？

No, it wasn't.

不，不是的。

Whereas the coronavirus in the us, it's been detected in all 50 states.

而在美國的冠狀病毒，在所有50個州都被檢測到。

Can coronavirus spread through food?

冠狀病毒能通過食物傳播嗎？

So right now, there's only evidence of this N virus spreading from one person to another.

所以現在，只有證據表明這種N型病毒在人與人之間傳播。

There isn't evidence of people contracting the infection from touching a contaminated surface.

沒有證據表明人們會因為接觸被汙染的表面而感染這種疾病。

But that's theoretically possible.

但這在理論上是可能的。

And that could include food as well.

而這也可能包括食物。

Can coronavirus spread through mail?

冠狀病毒能通過郵件傳播嗎？

Now that we know it can potentially survive from a few hours to a few days on a variety of surfaces.

現在我們知道它有可能在各種表面上生存幾個小時到幾天。

It is a possibility that male could be contaminated.

男性有可能被汙染。

Why is coronavirus deadly?

為什麼冠狀病毒是致命的？

It's deadly because it attaches to receptors on the surface of ourselves in our lungs and our respiratory tract.

它是致命的，因為它附著在我們肺部和呼吸道中自己表面的受體上。

And it can cause a very severe pneumonia that then causes a lung failure.

而且它可以引起非常嚴重的肺炎，然後導致肺部衰竭。

And then we can also see multi organ dysfunction as well.

然後我們也可以看到多器官功能紊亂。

Did the new coronavirus come from bats?

新的冠狀病毒是否來自蝙蝠？

What we think at the moment is that this new virus came to us from bats who infected an intermediate animal and then that animal may have infected humans.

我們目前認為，這種新病毒來自蝙蝠，它們感染了一種中間動物，然後這種動物可能感染了人類。

Why is the new coronavirus dangerous?

為什麼新的冠狀病毒是危險的？

It's dangerous because it causes a respiratory tract infection?

這很危險，因為它會導致呼吸道感染？

It's also dangerous because this is the first time humans have been exposed to this virus and it means we have no preexisting immunity to it.

這也很危險，因為這是人類第一次接觸到這種病毒，這意味著我們對它沒有預先存在的免疫力。

How did the new coronavirus spread in china?

新的冠狀病毒是如何在中國傳播的？

So as I mentioned, we think that this new virus originated in bats.

是以，正如我提到的，我們認為這種新病毒起源於蝙蝠。

Is coronavirus worse than the flu?

冠狀病毒比流感更可怕嗎？

And getting asked this question so much.

而且經常被問到這個問題。

I think people are wondering, well flu kills tens of thousands of americans every year.

我認為人們在想，每年有成千上萬的美國人死於流感。

Why are we so worried about this new virus?

為什麼我們對這種新病毒如此擔心？

Here's why I'm worried.

這就是我擔心的原因。

It looks like the death rate from the new coronavirus is at least 10 times higher than the death rate from seasonal flu.

看起來新冠狀病毒的死亡率至少比季節性流感的死亡率高10倍。

Does coronavirus go away?

冠狀病毒會消失嗎？

So I already answered that has coronavirus reached India?

所以我已經回答了，冠狀病毒是否到達了印度？

Yes, sadly it has.

是的，可悲的是它有。

We've been seeing cases there reported since the end of january.

自1月底以來，我們一直看到那裡的病例報告。

Is coronavirus pandemic?

冠狀病毒是大流行嗎？

Yes.

是的。

Is coronavirus new?

冠狀病毒是新的嗎？

Yes.

是的。

Can coronavirus in dogs spread to humans?

狗的冠狀病毒會傳染給人類嗎？

There's one case of a dog infected with this new coronavirus.

有一例狗感染了這種新的冠狀病毒。

It didn't show any signs of disease and there's no evidence of transmission from a dog to a human.

它沒有顯示出任何疾病的跡象，也沒有證據表明狗會傳染給人。

How does coronavirus work?

冠狀病毒是如何工作的？

The virus enters the respiratory tract through the nose, the eyes or the mouth and then it takes over ourselves own machinery to its own ends to make more copies of the virus is corrupt.

病毒通過鼻子、眼睛或嘴進入呼吸道，然後它接管自己的機器，以達到自己的目的，使更多的病毒拷貝被破壞。

God is coronavirus man made?

上帝是冠狀病毒的人造物？

No it is not.

不，不是的。

Is coronavirus in the U.

冠狀病毒是否在美國？

S.

S.

Yes, it is definitely here can coronavirus be treated, sadly there's no specific antiviral treatment just for this coronavirus.

是的，這裡肯定是可以治療冠狀病毒的，可悲的是沒有專門針對這種冠狀病毒的抗病毒治療。

But what we do as doctors is treat the symptoms is coronavirus fatal.

但作為醫生，我們所做的是治療症狀是冠狀病毒致命的。

Yes, sadly this new coronavirus can cause death, particularly in people who are older have a compromised immune system or have a pre existing health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease.

是的，可悲的是，這種新的冠狀病毒可以導致死亡，特別是對於那些年齡較大、免疫系統受損或有糖尿病、高血壓、心臟病等現有健康狀況的人。

Things like that is coronavirus curable.

像這樣的事情是可以治癒的冠狀病毒。

No, we don't have a specific treatment for this.

不，我們沒有具體的治療方法。

New coronavirus is coronavirus airborne.

新的冠狀病毒是冠狀病毒的空氣傳播。

This one is so tricky because there's no universal definition of exactly what airborne means.

這個問題非常棘手，因為對於空降的確切含義沒有一個普遍的定義。

When a person who is infected with the new coronavirus coughs or sneezes, they dispersed droplets from their respiratory tract And those droplets can be full of virus.

當一個感染了新冠狀病毒的人咳嗽或打噴嚏時，他們會從呼吸道散出飛沫 而這些飛沫可能充滿了病毒。

They're said to travel about 3-6 ft.

據說它們的行程約為3-6英尺。

Now compare that to somebody who has measles and sneezes the virus then clings to particles that hang in the air.

現在將其與患有麻疹並打噴嚏的人進行比較，病毒會附著在空氣中的顆粒上。

Those are much smaller particles compared to droplets.

與液滴相比，這些顆粒要小得多。

They can travel further and they can just stay suspended in the air for a lot longer.

他們可以走得更遠，他們可以在空中懸浮更長的時間。

Now.

現在。

I will say this is a new virus right now.

我要說的是，現在這是一種新的病毒。

What we're saying is that there's a droplet transmission.

我們要說的是，有一個飛沫傳播。

We're not calling it airborne.

我們不叫它空降。

How did coronavirus start?

冠狀病毒是如何開始的？

So this new coronavirus, as I've mentioned a few times, probably originated in bats, went from bats to an intermediate host, some other animal.

所以這種新的冠狀病毒，正如我幾次提到的，可能起源於蝙蝠，從蝙蝠到中間宿主，一些其他動物。

And then from that animal to humans, how does coronavirus spread?

然後從那個動物到人類，冠狀病毒是如何傳播的？

So like I just mentioned with those droplets, what we understand is that an infected person coughs or sneezes and those virus laden droplets can land on another person make their way into the person's respiratory tract.

是以，就像我剛才提到的那些飛沫，我們的理解是，一個受感染的人咳嗽或打噴嚏，那些帶有病毒的飛沫可以落到另一個人身上，進入這個人的呼吸道。

And that's how it spreads.

而這就是它的傳播方式。

It could also spread through inanimate surfaces, maybe an elevator button or a door handle, But that's still being studied right now.

它也可能通過無生命的表面傳播，也許是電梯按鈕或門把手，但現在仍在研究中。

The evidence is person to person spread.

證據是人與人之間的傳播。

Is coronavirus deadly?

冠狀病毒是致命的嗎？

That's the number one question.

這是頭號問題。

And the answer is yes worldwide.

而答案是全世界都是如此。

This new coronavirus has killed more than 6000 people as of March 17th 2020.

截至2020年3月17日，這種新的冠狀病毒已經造成6000多人死亡。

So those are the most googled questions as of this week.

是以，這些是截至本週為止被谷歌搜索最多的問題。

I do think there's a lot of power in information and a lot of comfort in dialogue.

我確實認為資訊有很大的力量，對話有很大的安慰。

So if you have any questions all, please put them here in the comments, Reach me on social media and I'll be back here in the wired channel, responding to your questions and concerns.

是以，如果你有任何問題，請把它們放在這裡的評論中，在社交媒體上聯繫我，我會回到這裡的有線頻道，迴應你的問題和關注。

Mhm.

嗯。