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  • Supported By:

    「每一件事情都有它奇妙的地方,甚至是黑暗與寂靜。」--海倫‧凱勒

  • Supported By: Protocol Labs

    (未來會是甚麼樣子?)

  • Protocol Labs

    (宇宙如何結束?)

  • Protocol Labs What does our future hold?

    (我們可能永遠無法確定)

  • Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence...

    (但是,科學已經開始描繪宇宙未來的驚人樣貌)

  • Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence... - Helen Keller

    讓我們開始一場走到時間盡頭的旅程

  • What does the future look like?

    我們會以指數方式穿越時間,每5秒加倍一次

  • How will the universe meet its end?

    隨著我們更多的探索,未來肯定會有許多變數。但有一件事是確定的:

  • We may never be truly certain.

    我們的宇宙才剛開始

  • But science has begun to paint a stunning picture of how the future might unfold.

    全新世(最年輕的地質年代)已經結束。

  • Let's take a journey to the end of time.

    人類在現在和未來幾年所做的事情將會影響今後的幾千年。

  • We will travel through time exponentially, doubling our speed every 5 seconds.

    我們人類從古至今所習慣的環境正在改變, 而且改變得非常快速。

  • The vision of the future will surely evolve as we probe for more clues. But one thing is clear:

    我們的星球環境瞬息萬變,無一例外。

  • The universe has only just begun.

    地球正在進入其中一個跳躍階段, 你不知道那些跳躍的另一面會是什麼。

  • 2019 [Anthrpocene era]

    地球只會不斷變化

  • 2020 [Anthrpocene era]

    在這個星球上所有事物從未維持現況! 一切都在轉變!

  • 2021 [Anthrpocene era]

    [心宿二成為超新星]

  • 2021 The Holocene has ended. [Anthrpocene era]

    [撒哈拉沙漠成為熱帶地區]

  • 2021 The Holocene has ended. [Anthrpocene era]

    [星座開始隨意遊蕩]

  • 2022 The Holocene has ended. [Anthrpocene era]

    [航海家1號穿越鄰近恆星]

  • 2023 The Holocene has ended. [Anthrpocene era]

    [間冰期結束]

  • 2023 [Anthrpocene era]

    [超級火山爆炸]

  • What we do now,

    [新夏威夷島出現]

  • What we do now,

    [新島鏈形成]

  • What we do now,

    [阿姆斯壯在月球的腳印消失]

  • What we do now,

    [參宿四變成超新星]

  • and in the next few years,

    [石製古蹟被侵蝕]

  • will profoundly effect

    [致命的伽瑪射線暴]

  • the next few thousand years.

    [火星環出現]

  • The only conditions modern humans

    [土星環消失]

  • have ever known so far, are changing.

    [南極洲融化]

  • And changing fast.

    [小行星撞擊]

  • Nothing stays the same on this planet.

    [新超大陸出現]

  • Everything changes.

    [太陽亮度增加]

  • The Earth is going into one of these jumps

    太陽開始耗盡燃料時, 它不會簡單地消失。

  • The Earth is going into one of these jumps

    太陽的核心會塌陷,產生的額外熱量會導致外層膨脹

  • and you don't know what is going

    [地球所有生命死亡]

  • to be on the other side of those jumps.

    [太陽持續擴大]

  • The Earth is always jumping. [Earth's magnetic field flips]

    [太陽變成紅巨星]

  • [Earth's magnetic field flips]

    [地球被瀕死的太陽摧毀]

  • [Comet Hale-Bopp returns]

    [太陽變成白矮星]

  • [Drastic sea level rise]

    太陽已經死了

  • Things move on this planet [Drastic sea level rise]

    他的殘骸在宇宙的低溫中慢慢冷卻。

  • Things are not still!

    太陽的命運和其他所有恆星一樣

  • Everything is turning. [30 meter asteroid impact]

    總有一天,他們都會死亡

  • [30 meter asteroid impact]

    宇宙將陷入永恆的黑夜

  • [Antares goes supernova]

    所有星星最終都會耗盡燃料。 [恆星相繼死去]

  • [Sahara becomes tropical]

    宇宙的溫度下降。 夜空中的星星將一個接一個地熄滅。

  • [Constellations begin to wander]

    然後不會再有新的恆星誕生了

  • [Voyager I passes nearby star]

    這個宇宙不會因大爆炸結束,而是會淡然的死去。

  • [Interglacial period ends]

    [最後一顆紅矮星死去]

  • [Supervolcano eruption]

    不是在火熱之中,而是在冰冷中逐漸逝去。

  • [New Hawaiian island appears]

    宇宙進入「退化紀元」 隨著最後一顆恆星死亡,星光的時代即將結束

  • [New island chains]

    宇宙變成無邊無涯的墳場,散落著死星的殘骸

  • [Apollo footprints fade]

    我們的太陽變成白矮星,一個炎熱、稠密、萎縮的恆星屍體

  • [Betelgeuse goes supernova]

    沒有燃料可以燃燒,白矮星的光芒黯淡

  • [Stone monuments erode]

    從它消耗中的熱庫來維持最終的餘熱。

  • [Deadly gamma ray burst]

    從現在地球的位置來看它,

  • [Mars moon becomes a ring]

    他只會產生無雲滿月的亮度。

  • [Saturn's rings vanish]

    白矮星的微弱光芒將提供 在黑暗中唯一的照明

  • [Antarctica melts]

    四處散落著死星與黑洞

  • [Major asteroid impact]

    換個角度來說,它看起來會是一種「幽靈宇宙」 接著這些死星會將我們帶入未來。

  • [New supercontinent]

    隨著時間,重力讓死星和行星從它們的星系中噴出,將他們送入寒冰的虛無

  • [Sun increases luminosity]

    可能有偶然機會,棕矮星相撞而形成新星

  • As it begins to run out of fuel, [Sun increases luminosity]

    相撞的中子星變成明亮無比的超新星點亮黑暗

  • As it begins to run out of fuel, [Photosynthesis ceases]

    中子星碰撞

  • the sun won't simply fade away to nothing. [Photosynthesis ceases]

    任何倖存的生命都可能在衰老的白矮星尋找避難所

  • the sun won't simply fade away to nothing. [All plant life dies]

    隨著時間推移,白矮星也終會死去

  • [All plant life dies]

    有些星星的最終命運就是變成黑矮星。

  • [Oceans evaporate]

    這些白矮星變得很冷, 它們幾乎不會散發更多的熱量或光線。

  • Its core will collapse, [Oceans evaporate]

    黑矮星是黑暗而密集,且衰弱中的球狀物。

  • [Oceans evaporate]

    數量比恆星的灰燼還多一點

  • and the extra heat this generates [Oceans evaporate]

    它們的組成原子被嚴重的碎壓

  • will cause its outer layers to expand. [Oceans evaporate]

    黑矮星的密度是我們太陽的百萬倍。

  • will cause its outer layers to expand. [All life dies]

    恆星需要很長時間才能達到這一點

  • [All life dies]

    我們相信目前宇宙中沒有黑矮星。

  • [Sun expands]

    所有未能脫逃其星系的物質,都會被吸入超大質量黑洞的中心

  • [Sun becomes red giant]

    [黑洞吞噬流浪物]

  • [Earth destroyed by the dying Sun]

    休眠黑洞從長時間的休眠中甦醒,伴隨著榮耀般的火焰

  • [Sun becomes a White Dwarf]

    黑洞的旋轉動能,會是最後一個文明可使用的動力來源

  • The sun is now dead. [Sun becomes a White Dwarf]

    生命的節奏是基於的我們現在可用的能量而前進。

  • Its remains slowly cooling [Sun becomes a White Dwarf]

    你可以想像一個有意識的生命系統,它的節奏會因此非常不同,

  • in the freezing temperatures of deep space.

    它至少可以延伸出許多比你能想像的還多。

  • The fate of the sun is the same as for all stars.

    可能有一個生命系統

  • One day, they must all eventually die,

    即若這個生命系統每10萬億年會有一瞬間的意思和想法也是正常的。

  • and the cosmos will be plunged

    即使我們的生命消亡,我們也能想像

  • into eternal night.

    在未來任意一段時間,

  • All stars eventually will run out of fuel. [Stars begin to die off]

    宇宙會偶然的能讓智慧生命 在短時間內再一次存在

  • [Stars begin to die off]

    所以陸續在時間的間隔裡面 可能會發展有智慧的生命。

  • The temperature of the universe drops. [Stars begin to die off]

    [時空的擴展]

  • [Stars begin to die off]

    隨著宇宙膨脹的速度加快,物質分散的速度會比光速還來得快

  • Stars, one by one,

    到這時候,較遠的星系與星球的分散速度,會快到連光線都無法偵測

  • in the night sky,

    宇宙的奧秘將會永遠被遺忘

  • will turn off.

    現在的理論預測,原子本身會開始衰變,破壞宇宙原有的物質。(質子衰變)

  • And there will be no more new stars

    質子是包括我們人類在內 , 原子物質的基本構件之一。

  • created.

    它可以無條件的破滅。

  • And so the universe will end

    任何逃避黑洞拉扯的東西

  • not with a bang,

    最終會因質子瓦解而消失。

  • but with the whimper.

    黑矮星裡面的物質,會是宇宙中的最後存在的物質,

  • And not in fire, [Last Red Dwarf stars die]

    最終將蒸發掉,並作為輻射被帶入空無之中

  • [Last Red Dwarf stars die]

    不留下任何東西。

  • but in ice. [Last Red Dwarf stars die]

    隨著黑矮星的消失, 單原子物質不會留下任何一個。

  • [Last Red Dwarf stars die]

    所有這些曾經存在我們富饒的宇宙中的物質 將會變成光和黑洞的粒子。

  • [Degenerate era] "With the death of the last sun, the age of starlight comes to an end."

    「黑洞紀元」開始

  • [Degenerate era]

    沒有行星、恆星 沒有僅存的星球供生命依存

  • [Degenerate era] "The universe becomes a cosmic boneyard, strewn with remnants of dead stars."

    直到現在,時間也才剛剛開始

  • "The universe becomes a cosmic boneyard, strewn with remnants of dead stars."

    若以宇宙尺度對照人類文明,宇宙才剛從子宮出生

  • "Our Sun becomes a White Dwarf - a hot, dense, shrunken stellar corpse."

    寒冷、黑暗、虛無--這才是宇宙大部分的一生

  • With no fuel left to burn,

    我們的宇宙只給生命一個短暫時刻閃耀 ─不受其酷熱的誕生與冰冷的死亡影響

  • a white dwarf's faint glow

    在宇宙發展初期,時間的箭頭開創了一扇明窗

  • comes from the last residual heat

    在此期間,生命是可能誕生的

  • from its extinguished furnace.

    但這是一段不怎麼久的時間

  • Looking at it from where the earth is now,

    生命作為宇宙的一部分, 從測量宇宙初始到 最後一個黑洞蒸發掉的過程中,

  • it would only generate the same amount of light

    就我們所知,生命可能存在的時間只有

  • as the full moon

    0.000 0.0000000......1%

  • on a clear night.

    黑洞成為宇宙的基本建構物時,

  • The faint glow of white dwarfs

    一個星系基本上是一個超大質量黑洞在中心,周圍環繞著比他小的黑洞群。

  • will provide the only illumination

    星系死亡後充滿著黑洞的死星系會繼續發展。

  • in a dark and empty void

    它們會互吃,會變大,也許他們會陷入超大質量的黑洞而使得它會變得更大。

  • littered with dead stars

    宇宙柔然會是一個充滿刺激、活力的地方

  • and black holes.

    只是我們現在談論的時間尺度是「兆」年,而不是幾千或幾百萬年

  • In some ways it's kind of a ghost universe

    這個遙遠時代,主要事件是黑洞的合併

  • it's the corpses,

    一些黑洞變得極為龐大,質量可以是太陽的數兆倍

  • the zombie stars,

    當它們合併時,會散發出強大的重力波,使整個宇宙產生共鳴

  • that will take us into the future.

    黑洞可以在時空中爆炸 ,像擊鼓般似的,

  • "Over time, gravity ejects dead stars and planets from their galaxies, sending them out into the freezing void."

    並帶有一首非常有特色的歌曲,

  • "By chance, some Brown Dwarfs collide and form accidental new stars."

    想像一下兩個相依許久的黑洞

  • "Colliding neutron stars puncture the darkness with ultra bright supernova."

    在他們的生命結束時,他們將在幾分之一秒內穿越數千公里。

  • [Neutron star collision] Colliding neutron stars puncture the darkness with ultra bright supernova."

    當他們這樣做時,他們身後會激起 空間的響聲 - 一個時空的波浪(重力波)。

  • [Neutron star collision]

    宇宙由於這些黑洞合併,而產生空間擠壓與延伸。

  • "Any surviving life forms may find refuge around aging White Dwarfs."

    這些就是重力波(引力波),猶如宇宙空間的聲響。

  • "But in time, even the White Dwarfs will fade and die."

    重力波將以光速前進並穿越合併中的黑洞。

  • A black dwarf will be the final fate of those last stars [Stars become Black Dwarfs]

    如果你站的夠近

  • White dwarfs that have become so cold, [Stars become Black Dwarfs]

    你的耳朵會隨著空間的擠壓和拉伸而產生共鳴,

  • that they barely emit any more heat or light.

    你真的會聽到聲音

  • Black dwarfs are dark,

    想像一下,一個較輕的黑洞墜進一個沉重的黑洞。

  • dense,

    你聽到的會是一個輕黑洞每當它接近重黑洞撞擊時產生的聲音。

  • decaying balls of degenerate matter.

    速度越快,聲音也會越大聲

  • Little more than the ashes of stars,

    科學家們過去認為黑洞是不朽的

  • their constituent atoms are so severely crushed

    但有一天黑洞也會死去。

  • that black dwarfs are a million times

    現在我們談論的是難以想像的時間尺度 - 未來數百兆年

  • denser than our sun.

    在那個時間尺度上, 即使是黑洞也會開始蒸發。

  • Stars take so long to reach this point

    「霍金輻射」

  • we believe there are currently

    根據量子力學,宇宙充滿了虛構粒子

  • no black dwarfs in the universe.

    和反粒子持續成對出現,

  • "Any matter that fails to escape its galaxy is sucked into a supermassive black hole at the center."

    它們會分開,再次聚集在一起, 並且相互消滅。

  • [Black holes swallow stray matter]

    在黑洞的存在之下

  • [Black holes swallow stray matter] "Long dormant black holes flare up in a blaze of glory."

    一對虛擬粒子的其中一顆可能會掉進黑洞裡

  • [Degenerate era] "The rotational energy of black holes becomes the last reliable source of power for any exotic future civilizations."

    在沒有夥伴下離開另一個成員後而消滅。

  • We have a pace of life that's based

    被拋棄的粒子似乎是黑洞散發的輻射

  • on the energy available to us now.

    因此,黑洞不是永恆的

  • You could imagine living,

    他們會以越來越快的速度蒸發掉,到最後在巨大爆炸中消失

  • conscious systems,

    [黑洞開始死亡]

  • which have a very different pace and therefore,

    量子力學已經允許粒子和輻射,從宇宙的監獄─黑洞之中逃離出來

  • can extend out, at least,

    隨著黑洞逐漸蒸發,宇宙最後一個巨大結構被消除

  • a lot farther than you'd imagine otherwise.

    當黑洞死去時,一個接著一個地點亮黑暗

  • You could have a living system where if,

    黑洞逐漸死去之時,宇宙繼續由一個我們還尚未了解的神秘能量擴張

  • it had a thought every 10 trillion years,

    [暗能量膨脹宇宙]

  • that would seem normal.

    這是人類知識的邊境--探索與發展的極限

  • Ever if

    哲學家和詩人問過這個問題:世界會以火熱中或冰冷中結束?”

  • our life dies out, one could imagine

    我們現在可以回答了

  • at some time arbitrarily far in the future,

    最新的證據表明宇宙並未放慢速度,而是加速到失去控制。

  • a fluctuation occurs which allows intelligent life

    我們認為,宇宙將在數萬億後的數萬億年後於冰冷中死亡。

  • to exist again, for a little while.

    虛無的宇宙中依然存有能量

  • So you might have islands in time of intelligence.

    在每個小立方公分的空間裡, 不管有沒有東西,

  • "As the expansion of the universe accelerates, it begins to spread matter apart faster than the speed of light." [Expansion of spacetime]

    不管有沒有顆粒, 物質, 輻射,

  • [Expansion of spacetime]

    空間本身,仍然有能量。

  • "By this point, distant galaxies and stars are receding do fast that their light has become undetectable." [Expansion of spacetime]

    愛因斯坦說,這種能量會對宇宙施加推力。

  • "By this point, distant galaxies and stars are receding do fast that their light has become undetectable."

    是什麼東西讓宇宙加速呢? 我們稱他為“暗能量”。

  • "The secrets of the cosmos are locked away forever."

    而這些東西是宇宙中主導著

  • "Current theories predict that atoms themselves will begin to decay, destroying all remaining matter in the universe."

    幾乎3/4的物質能量 :也就是說宇宙中的能量含量幾乎都是暗能量。

  • [Proton decay] "Current theories predict that atoms themselves will begin to decay, destroying all remaining matter in the universe."

    而我們不知道它是甚麼

  • [Proton decay]

    暗能量,不像物質或輻射會隨著宇宙膨脹而稀釋,它不會被稀釋掉。

  • A proton, one of the fundamental building blocks

    這對於宇宙未來會發生什麼具有重要意義 。

  • of atomic matter, what makes us up,

    所以,宇宙的未來會是甚麼?

  • can just spontaneously fall apart.

    好吧,如果那時暗能量仍然存在主導著宇宙

  • Any material that evades the pull of a black hole

    宇宙將永遠膨脹。

  • eventually dies away as its protons disintegrate.

    隨著時間的推移, 快,更快,再更快 - 一個逃脫中的宇宙。

  • "Proton decay is still unproven - and so this chapter of the future could look very different in light of new discoveries."

    宇宙70%的能量存在於空無之中,我們不明白為什麼。

  • The matter inside black dwarf's,

    但我們知道會發生什麼事。

  • the last matter in the universe,

    如果那種能量持續存在,宇宙將變得寒冷、黑暗和空虛

  • will eventually evaporate away,

    這可能是未來。

  • and be carried off into the void as radiation

    我們不知道,因為我們還不了解暗能量的本質

  • leaving absolutely nothing behind.

    在我們明白之前,我們不會知道未來, 我們甚至不了解自己的起源

  • [Black hole era]

    這就是為何我們想知道並研究這個主題。

  • With the black dwarfs gone, [Black hole era]

    探索暗能量的本質,可以極大的改變我們對未來的看法

  • there won't be a single atom of matter left. [Black hole era]

    如果暗能量隨著時間以某種方式衰弱,宇宙可能會在重力作用下崩潰。這就是「大崩墜」

  • [Black hole era]

    如果規模更大,它可能會在接縫處撕裂宇宙,這就是「大撕裂」

  • All that will remain of our once-rich cosmos

    「黑洞紀元」

  • will be particles of light and black holes.

    物理學家越來越懷疑多元宇宙的存在,而每個宇宙都有各自的物理定律

  • "The Black Hole Era begins."

    有些會有適合生命的必要條件 有的則可能會塌陷或被撕裂

  • "No planets, no stars, no lingering stellar remnants for life to cling to."

    有的則可能完全超乎我們的想像

  • "Yet even now, time has only begun to tick."

    這些謎團,依舊等著被發現

  • "On the scale of a human lifetime, the universe has just emerged from the womb."

    這個預測似乎暗示著一個更冰冷、黑暗的未來

  • "Cold, dark, and empty - this is how the cosmos will spend most of its life."

    但我們當然要問, “這可能創造一個新的開始嗎?”

  • "Our universe gives life only a brief moment to shine - a haven in time, safe from its fiery birth and icy death."

    有一些想法是,當我們的宇宙結束時,可能在某種意義上會導致一個新的開始。

  • The arrow of time creates a bright window

    有人推測,在熵(熱力學用詞,有興趣請查''熵增定律'')消除一切之前,可能有辦法逃離我們的宇宙

  • in the universe's adolescence

    我們可以創造虛擬宇宙。或有足夠能量,創造另一個跟現在一模一樣的宇宙

  • during which life is possible.

    我們已經算出了數學方程式

  • But it's a window that doesn't stay open for long.

    這些方程式告訴我們若有一個能壓碎原子的機器,壓碎時會產生巨大的單點能量,

  • As a fraction of the lifespan of the universe,

    你也許可以開啟一個新宇宙的入口,像是 '嬰兒宇宙'(新宇宙)

  • as measured from its beginning

    面對一切的死亡 - 這也許是他們逃脫的唯一可能性。

  • to the evaporation of the last black hole,

    當然若純粹的猜測也會提高宇宙奇幻的可能性

  • life,

    也許在一個有智慧生命的宇宙,

  • life, as we know it,

    將有能力創造嬰兒宇宙,並將創造“救生艇”,且擴散到子宇宙。

  • life, as we know it, is only possible for

    因此,在多重宇宙中可能會發生宇宙進化。

  • one (10^(0))

    也可能會發生適者生存的狀況。

  • one thousandth (10^(-3))

    那些沒有智慧生命的宇宙將會“不育”,他們沒有子宇宙。

  • one thousandth of a (10^(-3))

    但那些溫暖的宇宙,例如我們本身的宇宙,

  • one thousandth of a billion (10^(-12))

    會創造可以開啟新文明的子宇宙,然後他們會擴散。

  • one thousandth of a billion billion (10^(-21))

    如果無法逃離宇宙,那麼熵會持續作用,直到摧毀最後一個超大質量黑洞。

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth (10^(-30))

    當最後一個黑洞死亡時,會是宇宙最後一次沐浴在光線之中。

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion (10^(-39))

    「最後一個黑洞蒸發」

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion (10^(-48))

    經過一段長到難以想像的時間, 即使是黑洞也終將毀滅

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion billionth (10^(-57))

    宇宙會變得虛無一物:只有光子存在

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion billionth billion (10^(-66))

    宇宙將逐漸趨向於相同的溫度, 隨著宇宙的擴張冷卻到絕對零度。

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion billionth billion billion (10^(-75))

    直到最後一顆恆星衰弱至虛無,

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion billion billion billion billionth, (10^(-84))

    所有的一切都達到相同的溫度, 宇宙的故事將結束。

  • one thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion billion billion billion billionth, of a percent. (10^(-84)%)

    「時間」變得毫無意義

  • Black holes become

    在宇宙誕生後, 他將第一次變成永久不變的的狀態。

  • the fundamental building block of the universe.

    混亂最終停止增加, 因為宇宙無法再變得無序了。

  • A galaxy will basically be

    什麼都不會發生, 並且永遠不會發生......

  • a supermassive black hole in the center,

    「每一件事情都有它奇妙的地方,甚至是黑暗與寂靜。我學到了不論我處在那一種狀態,我都是知足的。」--海倫‧凱勒

  • with smaller black holes orbiting it.

    由MELODYSHEEP創作

  • Zombie galaxies filled with black holes continue to evolve.

    由Protocol Labs贊助

  • They'll eat each other, and they'll get bigger,

    你將來會發現甚麼? 你要如何改變未來?

  • and maybe they'll fall into

    dahuman 的字幕, recognize! 特葳翻譯

  • the supermassive black hole and it'll get bigger.

  • The universe will still be an exciting, dynamic place.

  • it's just that the time scales we're talking about

  • are now trillions of years,

  • instead of thousands or millions of years.

  • [Black home mergers] "In this far flung age, black hole mergers become the main event."

  • "Some grow to enormous sizes, possibly trillions of times the mass of our sun."

  • "When they merge, they send out powerful gravity waves that resonate throughout the universe."

  • Black holes can bang on space-time like mallets on a drum.

  • And have a very characteristic song,

  • Imagine two black holes that have lived a long life together

  • At the end of their lives they're going around each other,

  • crossing thousands of kilometers in a fraction of a second.

  • As they do so,

  • they leave behind in their wake a ringing of space

  • an actual wave on space-time.

  • Space squeezes and stretches as it emanates out

  • from these black holes banging on the universe.

  • Those are the gravitational waves

  • and are literally the sounds of space ringing

  • and they will travel out from these black holes

  • at the speed of light as they ring down and coalesce into one,

  • spinning, quiet, black hole.

  • If you were standing near enough,

  • your ear would resonate

  • with the squeezing and stretching of space,

  • you would literally hear the sound.

  • Imagine a lighter black hole

  • falling into a very heavy black hole.

  • The sound you're hearing

  • is a light black hole banging

  • on space each time it gets close.

  • As it falls in, it gets faster, and it gets louder.

  • Scientists used to think black holes were immortal,

  • but even these will one day die.

  • Now we're talking about time scales of unimaginable length

  • quadrillions of years into the future.

  • On that time scale,

  • even the black holes begin to evaporate.

  • [Hawking radiation]

  • [Hawking radiation]

  • [Hawking radiation]

  • [Hawking radiation] According to quantum mechanics,

  • According to quantum mechanics,

  • [Hawking radiation] According to quantum mechanics,

  • space is filled with virtual particles

  • [Hawking radiation] space is filled with virtual particles

  • space is filled with virtual particles

  • [Hawking radiation] and antiparticles that are constantly materializing in pairs,

  • and antiparticles that are constantly materializing in pairs,

  • [Hawking radiation] and antiparticles that are constantly materializing in pairs,

  • [Hawking radiation] separating, coming together again,

  • separating, coming together again,

  • [Hawking radiation] separating, coming together again,

  • [Hawking radiation] and annihilating each other.

  • and annihilating each other.

  • [Hawking radiation] and annihilating each other.

  • [Hawking radiation]

  • [Hawking radiation] In the presence of a black hole,

  • one member of a pair of

  • [Hawking radiation] one member of a pair of

  • [Hawking radiation] virtual particles may fall into the hole,

  • virtual particles may fall into the hole,

  • [Hawking radiation] virtual particles may fall into the hole,

  • virtual particles may fall into the hole,

  • leaving the other member

  • without a partner with which to annihilate.

  • [Hawking radiation] without a partner with which to annihilate.

  • without a partner with which to annihilate.

  • [Hawking radiation] The forsaken particle appears to be radiation

  • The forsaken particle appears to be radiation

  • [Hawking radiation] The forsaken particle appears to be radiation

  • The forsaken particle appears to be radiation

  • emitted by the black hole.

  • [Hawking radiation] emitted by the black hole.

  • [Hawking radiation]

  • [Hawking radiation]

  • And so, black holes are not eternal.

  • And so, black holes are not eternal. [Black hole evaporation]

  • They evaporate away at an increasing rate,

  • until they vanish in a gigantic explosion.

  • Quantum mechanics has allowed particles and radiation [Black holes begin to die]

  • to escape from the ultimate prison -

  • A black hole.

  • "Black holes begin to evaporate away, erasing the last large-scale structures in the universe."

  • "As they die, they light up the darkness one by one."

  • "As the black holes slowly die off, the universe continues to expand, driven by a mysterious force we don't yet understand."

  • [Dark Energy inflates the universe] "As the black holes slowly die off, the universe continues to expand, driven by a mysterious force we don't yet understand."

  • "This is the frontier of human knowledge - a frontier ripe for exploration and discovery."

  • Philosophers and poets have asked the question,

  • "Will the world end in fire or ice?"

  • We can now give an answer.

  • The latest evidence shows that the universe

  • is not slowing down,

  • but it's speeding up out of control.

  • And the universe, we think, will die in ice

  • trillions upon trillions of years from now.

  • Empty space itself has energy.

  • In every little cubic centimeter of space,

  • whether or not there's stuff,

  • whether or not there's particles,

  • matter, radiation, whatever...

  • there is still energy, even in the space itself.

  • And this energy, according to Einstein,

  • exerts a push on the universe.

  • What is the weird stuff that's accelerating the universe?

  • We call it 'Dark energy'.

  • And this stuff is the dominant stuff of the universe

  • almost 3/4 of the matter-energy content

  • of the universe is this dark energy

  • and we don't know what it is.

  • Dark energy, unlike matter or radiation,

  • does not dilute away, as the universe expands.

  • This has crucial implications

  • for what the universe is going to do in the future.

  • So, what will be the future of the universe?

  • Well, if the dark energy remains dominant and repulsive,

  • the universe will expand forever.

  • Faster and faster and faster with time -

  • A runaway universe.

  • 70% of the energy of the universe

  • resides in empty space and we don't understand why.

  • But we do know what will happen.

  • If that energy continues to be there,

  • the universe will become cold and dark and empty.

  • That's the future as it might be.

  • We don't know because

  • we don't yet understand the nature of dark energy.

  • until we do,

  • we won't know the future,

  • we won't even understand our own origins

  • and that's why we want to know

  • and study this subject.

  • "Discovering the true nature of dark energy could change our vision of the future dramatically."

  • "If it somehow weakens over time, the universe could collapse under gravity - a 'big crunch'."

  • "Given a boost, it could tear the universe apart at the seams - a 'big rip'."

  • [Black hole era] "Physicists increasingly suspect that there may be multiple universes beyond our own, each with their own unique laws of physics."

  • "Some would harbor the right conditions for life. Others could collapse or be ripped apart."

  • "Others sill could be far more exotic than anything we could imagine."

  • "New pieces to this puzzle are out there somewhere, waiting to be found."

  • The forecast does seem to be for

  • an ever-colder, ever-emptier universe.

  • But then of course we have to ask,

  • "Could that end lead to a new beginning?"

  • And there are ideas, whereby what actually is the end

  • of our universe, could in some sense,

  • lead to the beginning of a new one.

  • "Some speculate that there may be a way to escape our universe before entropy erases everything."

  • "We could create simulated virtual universes, or with enough energy, create another one just like our own."

  • We've worked out the mathematics,

  • the equations,

  • they seem to say that

  • if you have an atom smasher,

  • that can constrict tremendous

  • amounts of energy at a single point,

  • you can perhaps open up a gateway -

  • A 'Baby universe'

  • Facing the death of everything there is

  • this perhaps is their only possibility of escape.

  • And this also raises a very intriguing possibility,

  • sheer pure speculation of course,

  • that perhaps any universe that has intelligent life in it,

  • will create baby universes, will create 'Lifeboats',

  • and will proliferate child universes.

  • and will proliferate child universes. [Last Black Hole evaporates]

  • [Last Black Hole evaporates]

  • So an evolution may take place among universes, [Last Black Hole evaporates]

  • in the multiverse. [Last Black Hole evaporates]

  • Survival of the fittest may take place.

  • So those universes which do not have intelligent life are 'Infertile',

  • they have no children.

  • But those universes that have

  • mild temperatures, stars like ours,

  • would create civilizations that could open up child universes

  • and they would then proliferate.

  • "If there is no way to escape the universe, then entropy will march on, destroying the last remaining supermassive black holes."

  • "As the last one explodes and dies, it bathes the universe in light one last time."

  • [Black Hole era] "As the last one explodes and dies, it bathes the universe in light one last time."

  • [Last Black Hole evaporates] "As the last one explodes and dies, it bathes the universe in light one last time."

  • THE END.

  • After an unimaginable length of time,

  • even the black holes will have evaporated,

  • and the universe will be

  • nothing but a sea of photons

  • gradually tending towards the same temperature

  • as the expansion of the universe cools them

  • towards absolute zero.

  • Once the very last remnants

  • of the very last stars

  • have finally decayed away to nothing,

  • and everything reaches the same temperature,

  • the story of the universe finally comes to an end.

  • "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • For the first time in its life, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • the universe will be permanent and unchanging. "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • Entropy finally stops increasing, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • because the cosmos cannot get any more disordered. "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS"

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS,

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS,

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, E

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ET

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETE

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETER

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERN

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNA

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNAL

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALL

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALLY

  • Nothing happens, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALLY.

  • and it keeps not happening, "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALLY.

  • "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALLY.

  • forever... "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALLY."

  • "TIME BECOMES MEANINGLESS, ETERNALLY."

  • "Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence... ...and I learn, whatever state I may be in, therein to be content." - Helen Keller

  • CRAFTED BY MELODYSHEEP

  • Supported by:

  • Supported by: Protocol Labs

  • Protocol Labs

  • Protocol Labs What will you discover?

  • Protocol Labs What will you discover? How will you change the future?

  • What will you discover? How will you change the future?

  • Featuring the voices of:

  • Featuring the voices of: David Attenborough

  • Featuring the voices of: Craig Childs

  • Featuring the voices of: Brian Cox

  • Featuring the voices of: Neil Degrasse Tyson

  • Featuring the voices of: Michelle Thaller

  • Featuring the voices of: Lawrence Krauss

  • Featuring the voices of: Michio Kaku

  • Featuring the voices of: Mike Rowe

  • Featuring the voices of: Phil Plait

  • Featuring the voices of: Janna Levin

  • Featuring the voices of: Stephen Hawking

  • Featuring the voices of: Sean Carroll

  • Featuring the voices of: Alex Filippenko

  • Featuring the voices of: Martin Rees

  • Thanks to: Juan Benet & my supporters on Patreon Patreon.com/melodysheep

  • MELODYSHEEP.COM | @MUSICALSCIENCE

  • For Ash

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「每一件事情都有它奇妙的地方,甚至是黑暗與寂靜。」--海倫‧凱勒

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