what do you get when you combine

當你結合了

Venmo, Uber, Fandango,

Venmo、Uber、Fandango

and the TV screens from 1984?

以及《一九八四》裡的的 電視螢幕你會得到什麼結果？

Stay tuned.

不要轉台

We'll chat about it.

我們會給你個微信息

Hey, good to see you again.

嘿，很高興又再次與你見面

I'm Chris Chappell.

我是主持人 Chris Chappell

What's the first thing you think of

當你看到這個畫面時

when you see this?

最先想到什麼？

If you're like me, it was,

如果你和我一樣，那麼你會想到：

“What is that boy doing on the moon

「那男孩在月球上做什麼

and what sinister plot does he have

他有什麼破壞地球的

against the Earth?!”

邪惡計畫？！」

It turns out it's just the login screen for WeChat.

結果這只是微信的登入畫面

You might not have heard of WeChat

如果你像大多數 收看本節目的觀眾一樣

if you're like most people

居住在中國以外的國家

watching this show outside of China.

你可能沒聽過微信

And if you're inside of China—

而假如你位於中國境內

what are you doing illegally watching

你竟然敢在 YouTube 非法觀看

subversive content on YouTube?

顛覆政府的影片？

Anyway, WeChat is the biggest mobile app

總之，微信是中國目前最大的

in China right now—

手機應用程式

and one of the biggest in the world.

同時也是世界上 用戶最多的應用程式之一

It has close to 900 million active users worldwide.

它在全球有將近 9 億名活躍使用者

So what the heck is WeChat

那麼究竟微信是啥東西

and why is it so successful?

又為何會如此成功呢？

And should you be afraid?

你該為此感到恐懼嗎？

Well, I'm in the media,

哈，我是媒體工作者

so it's my job to make you afraid.

所以我的工作就是讓你感到害怕

Now it's a bit hard to describe WeChat.

要解釋微信並不容易

That's because there's no app in the West

因為在西方國家 沒有任何一個應用程式

that does all the things WeChat does.

囊括微信所有的功能

WeChat started out in 2011

微信於 2011 年推出時

as a basic text messaging app.

只是個簡單的 即時通訊應用程式

Today, it does basically

如今，它基本上能做

everything you can imagine.

任何你能想像得到的事情

Yes, you can chat with your friends...

是的，你可以和朋友聊天…

But also, you can send them money

但同時，你也能透過微信

through WeChat.

寄錢給他們

Or pay your utility bills through WeChat.

或是透過微信支付水電費

Grabbing a coffee on your way to work?

想在上班途中買杯咖啡嗎？

Pay with for it with WeChat.

用微信支付吧

Rent a bicycle?

想租腳踏車嗎？

It's on WeChat!

微信有這功能喔！

Or be a lazy bum and take a taxi!

或是偷懶搭計程車！

That's also on WeChat!

微信也有這功能！

You can also buy tickets

你也可以購買

for a high-speed rail or flight—say,

高鐵車票或機票

from Shanghai to Beijing.

從上海前往北京

When you arrive,

當你抵達時

buy movie tickets.

還能購買電影票

Then find yourself a nice hotel.

接著再訂一間高級飯店

All without leaving the WeChat app.

以上服務微信都能辦到

Wow, WeChat is so convenient!

哇噢，微信真是太方便了！

It's like having a genie in your pocket!

就像是口袋裡住著精靈！

There couldn't possibly be some kind of horrible,

這絕對不可能隱藏了某種可怕

unforeseen catch, could there?

不為人知的黑暗面，對吧？

Just because WeChat knows

微信只不過是知道

who your friends are,

你的朋友名單

how much money you have,

你有多少存款

where you live, where you work,

你家地址、上班地點

what kind of food you like,

喜歡什麼樣的食物

what kind of movies you watch,

會看哪種類型的電影

how you like to travel,

習慣旅行的方式

and precisely where you happen to be

以及知道你在此時此刻

right now at this exact moment?

恰巧在哪個精確的地點而已啊

Yes, there's an insane amount of information

沒錯，微信伺服器處理了

about 900 million users

大量的使用者資訊

running through WeChat's servers.

約 9 億使用者這麼多

Oh, and guess what?

喔，還有

In order to provide you

為了要提供給您 [為什麼全球民眾自願接受中國防火長城？]

with all these great services,

所有這些美好的服務

WeChat, “has full permission to activate

微信「擁有完整的權限能啟動

microphones and cameras,

麥克風及相機

track your location,

追蹤你的所在位置

access your address book and photos,

進入你的通訊錄及相簿

and copy all of this data

並且能隨時將所有這些資料

at any time to their servers.”

複製到他們的伺服器」

Now it's true that Google, Apple, and Facebook

當然，Google、蘋果及臉書確實

also collect large amounts of user data

也會收集大量的用戶資料

and have similar permissions.

並擁有類似的權限

But in the West,

但是在西方國家

there are laws protecting privacy.

有隱私保護法

“In China, there is no such regulation.

「在中國沒有這種規定

On the contrary,

相反地

the national-security law

國家安全法

and the new cyber-security law

以及新的網路安全法

grant the government access

賦予政府能存取

to almost all personal information.”

所有個人資訊的權限」

So, the horrible catch is that WeChat

所以，這個可怕的 黑暗面在於微信

is the television from 1984—

就形同《一九八四》中

the one that's always watching you.

一直在監視你的那台電視

Only it's pocket sized,

差別在於微信能塞進口袋中

and you gave it permission

而且當你註冊帳號時

when you signed up.

你自願給予它這些權限

So what's wrong with the Chinese government

那麼中國政府及中共

and Communist Party having access

擁有你所有的個人資訊

to all your information?

會有什麼壞處呢？

I think you know the answer to that,

我想你應該知道答案

but I'll give you some examples anyway.

但我還是要給你一些實例

On this show we've talked about

在本節目中我們曾經談過

how the Chinese Communist Party

中共想要在 2020 年前

wants to create a social ranking system

為所有公民創造出一個

for every citizen by 2020.

社會評分系統

“This 'social-credit system'

「這個『社會信用系統』

would mobilize technology

將運用相關技術

to collect information on all citizens

來收集所有公民的資訊

and use that information to rate their behavior,

並利用這些資訊來評估個人行為

including financial creditworthiness

包含財務信用

and personal conduct.”

及個人品行」

Mega apps like WeChat

像微信這樣的巨型應用程式

are how they're going to do it.

便是他們實踐的工具

Didn't clock in for work on time?

沒有準時上班？

Maybe you paid your utility bill a little late.

你似乎太晚付清水電費了

Hmmm...

嗯…

you've been having a lot of

你最近到門診

doctors appointments lately.

看醫生的次數變多了

And you just bought Zoloft

而且你才剛在當地的藥局

at the local pharmacy.

購買樂復得抗憂鬱劑

WeChat is collecting all this data.

微信正在收集這些資料

And it's required by Chinese law

而根據中國法律

to give it all to the government.

這些資料都必須全數交給政府

Oh, and don't think you can

喔，別以為你可以

talk freely on WeChat

使用微信的聊天功能

using its chat function.

與人暢所欲言

WeChat censors politically sensitive topics—

即使你在中國以外的 地區使用微信

even if you're using WeChat outside of China.

它都會封鎖政治敏感話題

That's what Citizen Lab discovered

這是公民實驗室 (Citizen Lab)

earlier this year.

於今年年初所發現的

They're a research group

他們是多倫多大學的

based at the University of Toronto.

一個研究團隊

Here's a brief list of things

這份簡短清單

that are censored on WeChat.

列出了被微信封鎖的東西

So don't try mentioning things like:

所以別想提到：

“Falun Gong”;

「法輪功」

Or “Tiananmen June 4”;

或「6月4日天安門」

Or “Free Tibet”;

或「自由西藏」

Or the oddly specific

或是很怪異的特定詞彙組合

“Tough Question + Chinese Authorities Delay Submitting

「棘手問題＋中國當局延遲繳交

Supplementary Report + Avoid UN”

補充報告＋迴避聯合國」

If you text someone a forbidden word

若是你傳給某人的 訊息中包含查禁詞彙

or combination of words,

或詞彙組合

those texts simply won't go through.

那些訊息會無法送達

And if that's all that happens,

而如果只是訊息沒送達

you're lucky.

代表你還算幸運

Let's say you're the kind of person

假設你一直在

who keeps talking about Falun Gong,

談論法輪功，這個在中國國內

the meditation practice is banned in China.

被禁止的一種冥想修行

Maybe you use homophones

也許你使用了同音字

to get around the automatic censorship,

來規避自動審查

so your texts go through.

因此你的訊息有傳送出去

But still,

但你仍舊

you've violated WeChat's Terms of Service.

違反了微信的服務條款

I think number 5 applies to you:

我想你的行為適用於第五條：

“Undermining national religious policy,

「破壞國家宗教政策

and promoting cults and feudal superstition.”

宣揚邪教和封建迷信」

Case in point:

舉例來說：

In Shaanxi province,

在陝西省

a Falun Gong practitioner named Cai Jinrong

一位名叫蔡金榮的法輪功學員

was detained for more than a year.

被拘留了超過一年

A couple months ago,

幾個月前

she was finally put before a judge

她終於出庭

and told what the chargers were:

並被告知受指控的內容：

“sending messages relating to Falun Gong

「於微信傳送

on WeChat.”

法輪功相關的訊息」

And in China's Sichuan province,

而在中國四川省

a Tibetan man was arrested and jailed

一名西藏男性因為在

for the heinous crime

某個微信群組中，犯下

of being part of a WeChat group

祝達賴喇嘛生日快樂的滔天大罪

wishing the Dalai Lama a happy birthday.

而被逮捕入獄

So if you think you're safe

所以如果你以為

sending private messages to your friends...

發送私訊給朋友是很安全的…

YOU ARE NOT SAFE.

其實一點也不安全

WeChat is like the One Ring

微信就像是《魔戒》中的

from Lord of the Rings.

至尊魔戒

The moment you put it on,

當你戴上戒指的那一刻

they know how to find you.

他們便知道要如何找到你

The almost 900 million people using WeChat

微信近 9 億人的用戶們

are having their every conversation,

讓一個迫切想因「顛覆罪」

every purchase,

名義逮捕拘留他們的政府

every move monitored by a regime

監視他們每次通話

that's eager to detain them for “subversion.”

每筆消費及一舉一動

But on the other hand, WeChat sure is convenient.

但另一方面，微信確實很便利

But before you blame WeChat

在你指責微信

as the root of all evil,

是萬惡的淵藪之前

remember that even powerful genies

別忘了，即便是強大的精靈

have masters.

也有個主人

In order for WeChat—

微信

or really any large company—

或是任何一間大型公司

to operate in China,

若要在中國營運

it's required by law to share data

按照法律都必須與中國當局

with Chinese authorities.

分享其資料

And it has to have a Communist Party Secretary

而且必須設有一名

on staff to monitor its operations.

中共黨委來監督其運作

Just last week,

就在上週

WeChat and several other Chinese mega apps

微信和其餘一些中國大型應用程式 [中國微信、微博及百度遭到調查]

all found themselves under investigation.

都遭到調查

“China's Cyberspace Administration

「中國國家互聯網信息辦公室

accused internet users

指控網路用戶

of 'spreading violence, terror,

『散播暴力、恐怖

false rumours, pornography

不實謠言、色情

and other hazards to national security,

等危害國家安全

public safety,

公共安全

and social order.'”

及社會秩序之內容』」

But don't worry about poor WeChat;

但毋須替可憐的微信感到擔憂

they'll come out of this just fine—

他們會安全脫身的

as long as they work even harder

只要他們更加努力

to police their own content

監督自身內容

and make sure it doesn't,

並確保不會

you know,

你知道的

disrupt China's social harmony.

破壞中國的社會和諧

So essentially, the CCP uses tactics

所以基本上，中共利用這些手段

like launching scary investigations

發動恐怖調查行動

to force WeChat and other private Chinese companies

迫使微信及其他中國私人企業

to do the CCP's bidding.

服從中共的命令

So how was something as frightening

那麼像微信這樣一個

and all-knowing as WeChat

無所不知的

able to come into being

恐怖程式是如何

in the first place?

誕生的呢？

It's all thanks to its relationship

這都要歸功於它與中共

with its ultimate master,

這個至尊主人之間的

the Chinese Communist Party.

關係

WeChat was developed

微信是由

by the Chinese social media giant

中國社群媒體龍頭《騰訊》

Tencent.

所開發的

It's the world's tenth most valuable

它是世界上第十大

publicly traded company,

最有價值的上市公司

so it had a lot money to invest.

因此它擁有許多資金可作投資

But according to Fortune,

但根據《財星》雜誌報導

Tencent, “would never have grown to that size

騰訊「若非和中國政府 具有密切關係

were it not for the company's close relationship

絕對不可能發展至

with China's government.”

如此大的規模」

You see, when the US allowed China

當美國在 2001 年

to join the World Trade Organization in 2001,

允許中國加入世界貿易組織時

it kept the status of a “developing economy.”

中國依舊維持 「發展中國家」的身分

That meant China had greater access

這代表中國能獲得更多

to US markets while at the same time,

進入美國市場的機會

the Chinese regime got to make a lot of rules

同時中國政府 也得以制定諸多規定

that created an unfair advantage for Chinese firms.

為中國企業 創造出不平等的優勢

They began “limiting access

他們開始「限制外國公司

or demanding that foreign companies

或是要求他們

take on a Chinese partner

必須有中國合夥人

and transfer their intellectual property to China

並且將其 智慧財產轉讓給中國

as the price of access.”

做為進入中國市場的代價」

In China, plagiarization

在中國，剽竊

is an established business model.

是一種悠久的商業模式

We're going to talk about that

休息片刻後我們會

more after the break.

詳細討論這個問題

But suffice it to say,

但不用說

Tencent and its app WeChat

騰訊及其應用程式微信

were able to grow so much

之所以能如此蓬勃發展

because foreign competitors were mostly kept

是因為外國競爭公司大多被

out of China,

排除於中國之外

and those that got in were suppressed.

而能進入中國的外企則遭到打壓

So this let local Chinese companies

因此這使得中國本土企業

thrive off the foreign technology

能透過可能有或可能沒有

they may or may not have stolen.

盜取的外國公司技術成長

For example,

舉例來說

“Tencent's QQ instant messaging [app]

「騰訊的 QQ 即時通訊應用程式

is based on Israel's ICQ.”

是改寫自以色列的 ICQ」

The Chinese Communist Party has a reason

中共支持像騰訊

for supporting companies like TenCent.

這樣的公司是有原因的

They call it,

他們稱之為

“Made in China 2025.”

「中國製造 2025」

I'm assuming they're using Made in China

我猜他們用 「中國製」這樣的字眼

as if it were a good thing.

彷彿這是件好事

The CCP wants China to become

中共希望中國成為

“the world leader in electric vehicles,

「全球電動車輛

new materials, artificial intelligence,

新式材料、人工智慧

semiconductors, bio-pharmacy,

半導體、生物製藥

5G mobile communications

5G 移動通訊

and other industries.”

及其他產業之世界領導者」