he opened the "Play and Activity Institute".

他開設了 "遊戲和活動研究所"。

Fröbel soon called his institute a Kindergarten , reflecting his belief that young children

Fröbel很快就把他的機構稱為幼兒園，這反映了他的信念，即幼童

should be nurtured and nourished "like plants in a garden”.

應該 "像花園裡的植物一樣 "得到培養和滋養。

Fröbel, who studied under the Swiss educator Johann Pestalozzi, established the idea that

在瑞士教育家約翰-裴斯泰洛齊(Johann Pestalozzi)門下學習的福祿貝爾(Fröbel)，確立了以下觀點

games and playing are typical and essential forms of life.

遊戲和玩耍是生活的典型和基本形式。

Activities in the kindergarten included singing, dancing, gardening, and self-directed play.

幼兒園的活動包括唱歌、跳舞、園藝和自主遊戲。

Quality time spent like this was a considerable improvement to the life of many children,

像這樣度過的高質量時間對許多兒童的生活是一個相當大的改善。

given that the alternative was often to help parents with work.

鑑於另一種選擇往往是幫助父母工作。

He also introduced the concept of "Frei-Arbeit", which can be translated into "free work".

他還提出了 "自由工作"（Frei-Arbeit）的概念，可譯為 "自由工作"。

During set periods of time, children were allowed to work on things by themselves.

在規定的時間內，孩子們被允許自己動手做事情。

Where many adults saw pointless play, Fröbel saw important learning taking place . While

許多成年人看到的是毫無意義的遊戲，而Fröbel看到的是重要的學習正在發生。當

practicing their concentration skills and resilience,the children also learned about

練習他們的專注技能和抗壓能力，孩子們還學習了關於

engineering, logic and physics.

工程、邏輯和物理學。

To help facilitate this process, he developed a set of educational toys known as Fröbel

為了幫助促進這一進程，他開發了一套教育玩具，稱為Fröbel

Gifts . The set contained 20 objects, such as balls, blocks, and sticks.

禮物.該套裝包含20個物體，如球、積木和棍子。

Fröbel carefully designed the toys to help the children in his kindergarten recognize

Fröbel精心設計了這些玩具，以幫助他的幼兒園的孩子們認識。

and appreciate common patterns and forms found in nature.

並欣賞自然界中的常見模式和形式。

His innovative ideas soon found appeal and many young educators came to learn from Fröbel

他的創新思想很快就有了吸引力，許多年輕的教育家都來向福祿貝爾學習。

and to see the immense potential displayed by children at his institute.

並看到孩子們在他的學院裡所展示的巨大潛力。

Later, many of Fröbel's students opened their own Kindergarten and Germany experienced

後來，弗洛貝爾的許多學生開設了自己的幼兒園，德國也經歷了這種情況。

a rapid growth in the numbers of early childhood centers.

早期兒童中心的數量迅速增長。

Then something bad happened.

然後發生了不好的事情。

After suppressing the German revolutions of 1848–49, the Prussian government started

在鎮壓了1848-49年的德國革命之後，普魯士政府開始了

a crackdown on new democratic ideas and women were forbidden from being politically active.

對新的民主思想進行了鎮壓，婦女被禁止參與政治活動。

The fact that some were operating a kindergarten all by themselves was seen as problematic.

一些人獨自經營幼兒園的事實被認為是有問題的。

And so it didn't take long for the government to label Fröbel's Kindergarten ideas as

是以，沒過多久，政府就給福祿貝爾的幼兒園理念貼上了以下標籤

dangerous to both the State and church; soon all schools that followed Fröbel's principles

對國家和教會都很危險；很快，所有遵循福祿貝爾原則的學校都

were banned.

被禁止了。

For Fröbel, who saw his life's work destroyed and the future of all the children disrupted,

對於弗洛貝爾來說，他看到自己一生的工作被毀，所有孩子的未來被打亂。

this was a terrible blow.

這是個可怕的打擊。

He died in dismay just a year later.

僅僅一年後，他就在沮喪中死去。

But the ban caused a diaspora of kindergarteners who could no longer work in Germany, spreading

但這一禁令造成了無法再在德國工作的幼兒園園長的流散，並使之蔓延開來。

Fröbel's ideas all over the world.

弗洛貝爾的想法遍佈世界各地。

One of Fröbel's students founded the first kindergarten in the United States in 1856.

弗洛貝爾的一名學生於1856年創辦了美國的第一所幼兒園。

But the story was far from being over.

但這個故事遠未結束。

Exactly 20 years later, a young woman named Anna Lloyd Jones stumbled upon a set of Fröbel's

整整20年後，一位名叫安娜-勞埃德-瓊斯的年輕女子偶然發現了一套弗羅貝爾的

Gifts at a visit to the first World's Fair in the United States.

在參觀美國第一屆世界博覽會時的禮物。

Anna, a teacher by training, was so excited by the wooden toys that she bought a set for

安娜是一名受過培訓的教師，她對這些木製玩具感到非常興奮，於是為她買了一套。

her nine-year-old son.

她九歲的兒子。

Little Frank loved the toys his mother brought home and began building all kinds of geometrical

小弗蘭克很喜歡他母親帶回來的玩具，並開始建造各種幾何圖形。

structures — first with the wooden toys, later in miniatures and with other materials.

結構--首先是木製玩具，後來是迷你模型和其他材料。

Without formal training, Frank Lloyd Wright became one of the world's most renowned

弗蘭克-勞埃德-賴特沒有經過正式培訓，就成為世界上最著名的建築師之一。

architects, responsible for some of the most iconic buildings in modern architecture, many

建築師，負責現代建築中一些最具標誌性的建築，許多

of which resemble Fröbel's toy blocks.

其中類似於Fröbel的玩具積木。

Germany lifted its ban on kindergartens in 1860, realizing that it was a terrible mistake.

德國在1860年取消了對幼兒園的禁令，意識到這是一個可怕的錯誤。

And while Fröbel wasn't around anymore to witness the rebirth of his ideas in his

雖然福祿貝爾已經不在了，但他在自己的作品中見證了自己思想的重生。

homeland, they continued to spread around the world and became an inspiration for Maria

他們繼續在世界各地傳播，併成為瑪麗亞的靈感來源。

Montessori, Rudolf Steiner, and many others who set out to innovate formal education.

蒙特梭利、魯道夫-斯坦納以及其他許多人，他們都致力於革新正規教育。

Fröbel once said that “Play is the highest expression of human development in childhood,

Fröbel曾經說過："遊戲是人類在童年時期發展的最高表現。

for it alone is the free expression of what is in a child's soul.”

因為只有它才是兒童靈魂深處的自由表達"。

Frank Lloyd Wright described the influence of such play in his approach to design as

弗蘭克-勞埃德-賴特將這種遊戲對他設計方法的影響描述為

follows: "For several years, I sat at the little kindergarten table-top… and played…

如下。"幾年來，我坐在幼兒園的小桌板前......玩......。

with the cube, the sphere and the triangle—these smooth wooden maple blocks…

與立方體、球體和三角形--這些光滑的木製楓樹塊...

All are in my fingers to this day.”

至今都在我的指尖上。"

How was your personal experience with play and learning when you were young?

你年輕時在遊戲和學習方面的個人經驗如何？

Did you go to kindergarten?

你上過幼兒園嗎？

And what are your thoughts on the play as a way of growth and development?

那麼你對作為成長和發展方式的戲劇有什麼看法？

Share your thoughts!

分享您的想法!

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