字幕列表 影片播放 由 AI 自動生成 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 Swiss chocolates, Swiss chocolates. Ferrero Rocher, are they Swiss? 瑞士的巧克力,瑞士的巧克力。費列羅-羅歇,他們是瑞士人嗎? No, no. Ah these ones, Lindor, yeah, he'll love these. 不,不。啊,這些,林多,是的,他會喜歡這些。 Swiss banks used to be like Swiss chocolates, the envy 瑞士銀行曾經像瑞士巧克力一樣,讓人羨慕不已。 of the industry. They were the gold standard for private 製造業的發展。他們是私營企業的黃金標準。 banking, but since the 1990s they've struggled. 銀行業,但自20世紀90年代以來,他們一直在掙扎。 This chart shows just how much things have changed. 這個圖表顯示了事情的變化有多大。 In 1996, there were 403 banks in Switzerland. 1996年,瑞士有403家銀行。 By 2019, 157 — well over a third — were gone. 到2019年,157個--遠遠超過三分之一--已經消失。 So, what's going on here? 那麼,這裡發生了什麼? Have Swiss banks lost their shine? 瑞士銀行是否失去了他們的光芒? Hi Geoff. Hi Tom. 嗨,傑夫。嗨,湯姆。 How are you? We're set up over here. 你好嗎? 我們在這裡佈置好了。 I've brought you some Swiss chocolates because 我給你帶來了一些瑞士巧克力,因為 I know you haven't been to Switzerland for more than a 我知道你已經很久沒有到過瑞士了。 year, and I wanted to bring a little bit of Switzerland to you. 年,我想給你們帶來一點瑞士的情況。 But in return, you've got to talk to us about Swiss banks. 但作為回報,你得和我們談談瑞士銀行。 Squawk Box Europe anchor Geoff Cutmore has interviewed Squawk Box歐洲主播Geoff Cutmore曾採訪過 the CEO's of Switzerland's two biggest banks for more 瑞士最大的兩家銀行的首席執行官們,為更多的人提供服務。 than 20 years. I wanted to use his experience and 20多年了。我想利用他的經驗和 insight to learn how the industry has changed. 洞察力,以瞭解該行業的變化。 Swiss banking has changed incredibly over recent decades, 近幾十年來,瑞士銀行業發生了令人難以置信的變化。 but in the last ten years, I think you 但在過去十年中,我認為你 can see that shift has accelerated. 可以看到這種轉變已經加快了。 The U.S. has been pivotal because of the 美國一直是舉足輕重的,因為 financial and economic pressure that they've been 他們所面臨的財政和經濟壓力 able to bring to bear on not only the Swiss government, 不僅能夠對瑞士政府施加影響。 but also the Swiss banks per se. 但也包括瑞士銀行本身。 Back in 2010, the U.S. Government signed a new 早在2010年,美國政府簽署了一項新的 jobs bill, which included a section called the 就業法案,其中有一節稱為 Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. 外國賬戶稅收遵守法》。 It required American citizens and businesses to reveal their 它要求美國公民和企業披露他們的 foreign assets, which would then be subject to taxes. 外國資產,然後將被徵稅。 To make sure they actually did this, foreign financial 為了確保他們真正做到這一點,外國金融 institutions had to share details of accounts held 機構不得不分享所持賬戶的細節 by Americans. If they didn't, they'd face a 30% tax on all 由美國人負責。如果他們不這樣做,他們將面臨30%的稅,所有的 payments originating from the U.S. 源自美國的付款。 This was a problem for Swiss banks, which had 這對瑞士的銀行來說是一個問題,因為它們有 a reputation for secrecy. Before this, wealthy 以保密著稱。 在此之前,富有的 individuals from all over the world could stash their 世界各地的個人都可以將他們的錢藏起來。 money into Swiss bank accounts with total anonymity. 在完全匿名的情況下將錢存入瑞士銀行賬戶。 Traditionally, Switzerland used to be one of those places where 傳統上,瑞士曾經是一個 the banks kept your information very secret. They didn't share 銀行對你的資訊非常保密。他們沒有分享 information with other governments, and that 與其他政府的資訊,以及 was ultimately part of the Swiss banking model which 最終成為瑞士銀行模式的一部分。 made it incredibly successful. 使它取得了令人難以置信的成功。 Back in 1934, the Swiss government passed a 早在1934年,瑞士政府就通過了一項 banking secrecy act that ultimately made it an offense 銀行保密法,最終使其成為一種犯罪行為 for Swiss banks to reveal information about clients 瑞士銀行披露客戶資訊 to foreign governments, and that in a way sowed 對外國政府來說,這在某種程度上播下了 the seeds of massive growth in the Swiss banking system. 在瑞士的銀行系統中播下了大規模增長的種子。 Some of that history is very chequered. 這段歷史中有些是非常不光彩的。 The Nazis maybe hiding gold in Swiss bank vaults. African 納粹可能將黃金藏在瑞士銀行的金庫裡。非洲 dictators and despots that have syphoned off state funds. 挪用國家資金的獨裁者和暴君。 That money has found its way into the Swiss banks. 這些錢已經進入了瑞士的銀行。 The Swiss for their part would probably hold up 瑞士方面可能會堅持下去 their hands and say, “Look, you know we 他們的手,並說,"看,你知道我們 can't be responsible for where the money comes from.” 不能對錢的來源負責。" But that answer is not good enough anymore. 但這個答案已經不夠好了。 In 2007, a whistle-blower from Switzerland's largest bank 2007年,瑞士最大銀行的一名舉報人 UBS exposed to U.S. authorities the degree 瑞銀向美國當局暴露出的程度 to which Swiss banks were helping American 瑞士銀行在幫助美國人 clients sidestep tax collectors. 客戶避開徵稅人。 It was a revelation that the authorities in the 這是一個啟示,即當局在 United States could not ignore, and they brought 美國不能置之不理,他們把 it immediately to the door of UBS and to the other 它立即被送到瑞士聯合銀行的門口,並被送到另一個 Swiss banks that had U.S. citizens accounts that were 設有美國公民賬戶的瑞士銀行,其賬戶是由美國政府提供的。 clearly being used for nefarious purposes. 顯然被用於邪惡的目的。 That resulted in years of litigation between the Swiss 這導致了瑞士人之間多年的訴訟。 banks and the U.S. authorities which 銀行和美國當局 ultimately resulted in billions of dollars' worth 最終導致了價值數十億美元的 of fines being paid out. 的罰款被支付。 85 Swiss banks paid more than $5.5 billion in penalties, 85家瑞士銀行支付了超過55億美元的罰金。 but Switzerland's two biggest banks, paid the lion's share. 但瑞士最大的兩家銀行卻支付了大部分的費用。 UBS settled for $780 million in 2009, while Credit Suisse 瑞銀集團在2009年以7.8億美元達成和解,而瑞士信貸銀行 was fined a whopping $2.6 billion in 2014. 在2014年被罰款高達26億美元。 As regulators paid more attention to tax compliance, 隨著監管機構更加關注稅收合規性。 Switzerland's share of global asset management fell from 瑞士在全球資產管理中所佔的份額從 around 9% in 2004 to slightly above 4% in 2009. 2004年的9%左右,到2009年略高於4%。 What's more, is the Swiss government's decision to 更重要的是,瑞士政府的決定是 exchange bank information with the U.S. opened the 與美國交換銀行資訊,並開設了銀行賬戶。 door for EU member states to begin their own judicial 歐盟成員國開始自己的司法程序的大門。 investigations. Those resulted in further large 調查。這些調查導致了進一步的大 out-of-court settlements. 庭外和解。 How did UBS and Credit Suisse manage these big 瑞銀和瑞士信貸是如何管理這些大的 pay-outs, and what did it do to the direction 賠款,以及它的方向做了什麼? of their business? 他們的業務的? Ultimately, they just had to pay the fines, but the 最終,他們只得支付罰款,但 consequences obviously has been a significant hit 後果顯然已經是一個重大的打擊 to earnings and the shareholders don't 對收益的影響,而股東不 like that and the management don't 這樣,管理層就不會 like that. So, where the banks have gone next is 這樣的。是以,銀行下一步的發展方向是 they've had to go out and try and find new markets, 他們不得不走出去,努力尋找新的市場。 new opportunities and as you look at the world at the 新的機會,當你看到世界上的 moment, there is one clear area where the opportunity 目前,有一個明顯的領域存在著機會 set is growing. That is in the emerging markets of Asia, 集正在增長。這是在亞洲的新興市場。 particularly where there is a growing middle class that 特別是在中產階級日益壯大的地方,他們 has savings that need to be managed. 有需要管理的儲蓄。 When you exclude China from the mix, Swiss banks 當你把中國排除在外時,瑞士銀行 Credit Suisse, UBS and Julius Baer are among 瑞士信貸銀行、瑞銀集團和瑞士寶盛集團都在其中。 Asia's five biggest wealth managers. 亞洲最大的五家財富管理公司。 In Asia, Singapore and Hong Kong's banking laws have 在亞洲,新加坡和香港的銀行法已經 propelled their status as offshore financial centers. 推動了它們作為離岸金融中心的地位。 According to the Financial Secrecy Index, they now fall 根據金融保密指數,它們現在屬於 right behind the Cayman Islands, United States 緊隨開曼群島之後,美國 and of course, Switzerland. 當然,還有瑞士。 Between 2009 and 2014, at the height of the tax 2009年至2014年期間,在稅收的高峰期 compliance crackdown, net new assets managed 合規打擊,管理的新資產淨值 in Singapore grew by $40 billion and $285 billion in 在新加坡增長了400億美元,在美國增長了2850億美元。 Hong Kong. In the same period, Switzerland 香港。在同一時期,瑞士 experienced an outflow of $135 billion. 經歷了1350億美元的外流。 The Swiss government would now say that they 瑞士政府現在會說,他們 are a lot more open. In fact, more open than they have 是更開放的。事實上,比他們所擁有的更開放 been for decades. FINMA the regulator would probably also 幾十年來一直如此。監管機構FINMA可能也會 say that the focus is now very much on Switzerland 說,現在的重點是在瑞士。 operating a globally transparent information exchange. 營運一個全球透明的資訊交流。 But has Switzerland really cleaned up its act? 但是,瑞士真的清理了自己的行為嗎? The Panama Papers leak in 2016 revealed that 2016年的巴拿馬文件洩密事件顯示, Switzerland's two biggest banks were among the top 瑞士的兩家最大的銀行名列前茅。 ten banks using offshore accounts to 十家銀行利用海外賬戶來 help their clients hide their wealth. 幫助他們的客戶隱藏他們的財富。 The problem is that I think a lot of critics would say that 問題是,我認為很多批評家會說, the Swiss have been very slow in opening up their 瑞士在對外開放方面一直非常緩慢。 banking sector, that there is still too much secrecy, 銀行部門,仍然有太多的保密性。 that the process for getting that information is a little 獲得該資訊的過程有點 too slow and a little too onerous. 太慢了,而且有點太繁瑣。 Toward the end of 2018, Switzerland began 在2018年底,瑞士開始 automatically sharing client data through a tax transparency 通過稅收透明度自動共享客戶數據 forum under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and 經濟合作與發展組織下的論壇 Development. However, less |than 12 months later, Swiss 發展。然而,不到12個月後,瑞士 banking was embroiled in yet another scandal. 銀行業被捲入了另一個醜聞。 Credit Suisse's CEO was forced to resign following allegations 瑞士信貸的首席執行官在受到指控後被迫辭職 that the bank had spied on a former executive. 該銀行曾對一名前高管進行監視。 The issue for the markets I think at this point will be 我認為在這一點上,市場的問題將是 – how credible are the results of the investigation? - 調查結果的可信度如何? Things didn't get much better in 2021, following the collapse 2021年,在崩潰之後,情況並沒有得到很大改善 of U.S. hedge fund Archegos Capital Management and U.K. 美國對沖基金Archegos資本管理公司和英國的 finance firm Greensill Capital. 金融公司Greensill Capital。 Credit Suisse had provided financial backing to Greensill 瑞士信貸曾為格林希爾提供財務支持 as it began to struggle, a miscalculation that could 當它開始掙扎時,一個錯誤的判斷可能會導致 cost its clients up to $3 billion. 其客戶的損失高達30億美元。 The Archegos collapse cost its lenders a collective $10 billion. Archegos的倒閉使其貸款人集體損失了100億美元。 UBS says it lost $774 million from trades linked to Archegos, 瑞銀表示,它從與Archegos有關的交易中損失了7.74億美元。 but Credit Suisse took the biggest hit. 但瑞士信貸受到的打擊最大。 It was forced to raise nearly $2 billion in fresh 它被迫籌集近20億美元的新資金。 capital and cut bonuses after the failure. 資本,並在失敗後削減獎金。 Both Credit Suisse and UBS are hoping that new 瑞士信貸和瑞銀都希望,新的 management will arrest these issues. 管理部門將逮捕這些問題。 That money or the loss has to be borne by the shareholders 這筆錢或損失必須由股東來承擔。 ultimately, and I think what you've seen in the share 最終,我認為你所看到的股份 price performance has been a reflection of some of the 價格表現已經反映了一些 markets anger about what it's perceived to be either 市場對它被認為是什麼的憤怒,要麼是 mismanagement or a misunderstanding of risk. 管理不善或對風險的誤解。 So this is just about doing good, basic banking and 是以,這只是關於做好基本的銀行業務和 unfortunately, the experience of both of these cases suggested 不幸的是,這兩個案例的經驗表明 that there is still some improvement required. 仍有一些需要改進的地方。 Okay, so at this point you might be thinking 好吧,所以在這一點上你可能會想 that Swiss banking is finished, fertig, fini, finito! 瑞士銀行業已經完蛋了,Fertig, fini, finito! Well, unsurprisingly, Swiss bankers argue that Switzerland's 嗯,毫不奇怪,瑞士銀行家們認為,瑞士的 differences still provide them with advantages over their rivals. 差異仍然為他們提供了超越對手的優勢。 What ticks the box still I think for Switzerland is 我認為對瑞士來說,最重要的是 you've got a very stable political system. You've got 你已經有了一個非常穩定的政治體系。你已經有了 Swiss neutrality. Switzerland is not an EU member, so you 瑞士的中立性。瑞士不是歐盟成員,所以你 somewhat escape that oversight from Brussels. 在某種程度上逃脫了布魯塞爾的這種監督。 When you are perceived in Europe to be the ultimate 當你在歐洲被認為是最終的 safe haven destination for capital, people are prepared 資本的避風港目的地,人們已經準備好了 to take the additional costs that come with 來的額外費用。 parking money in a Swiss Franc account. 在瑞士法郎賬戶中停放資金。 Public perception is also positive. 公眾的看法也是積極的。 In a recent international poll on the reputation and quality 在最近的一項關於聲譽和品質的國際調查中 of Swiss banks, they were rated by most respondents 大多數受訪者對瑞士銀行的評價是 as 'good' to 'very good.' That's more positive than 為'好'到'非常好'。 這比 German, British and American financial centers. 德國、英國和美國的金融中心。 So, has the decline in Swiss banking been overblown, or 那麼,瑞士銀行業的衰退是否被誇大了,還是 have they lost their status as the premier banking 他們是否已經失去了他們作為首要銀行的地位? financial institution? Which is it? 金融機構? 是哪家呢? To be honest, it's probably a bit of both here. 說實話,這裡可能是兩者都有的。 Overblown, probably. I don't think that anybody 可能被誇大了。我不認為有人 looking at the state of the Swiss banking industry at 觀察瑞士銀行業的現狀 the moment would say that this is a sector that is in decline. 目前會說這是一個正在衰退的部門。 I think there's still plenty of life in the Swiss banks but what I 我認為瑞士的銀行仍有很大的生命力,但我的想法是 will say is I think that as a result of many of the scandals 我想說的是,我認為由於許多醜聞的發生 that we've witnessed over the last decade and because of 我們在過去十年中目睹了這一情況,並且由於 what's happened with interest rates, the Swiss bankers are 在利率方面發生了什麼,瑞士的銀行家們正在 going to have to work a whole lot harder to 將不得不更加努力地工作,以便 justify holding your cash. 證明持有你的現金是合理的。 Probably shouldn't give them too much brand 也許不應該給他們太多的品牌 presence, but they are Swiss chocolates. 存在,但它們是瑞士的巧克力。 And when you go to Switzerland will you 當你去瑞士的時候,你會不會 bring me back some chocolates as well? 也給我帶些巧克力回來? Really? Okay. That's a deal. 真的嗎?好的。 這是一個交易。
B1 中級 中文 瑞士 銀行 賬戶 美國 美元 管理 瑞士銀行有問題嗎?| CNBC解讀 (Are Swiss banks in trouble? | CNBC Explains) 17 6 Summer 發佈於 2021 年 05 月 27 日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字