more advanced vocabulary and idioms that were  used in an interview early this year. Anderson  

今年年初的一次採訪中使用了更多高級詞彙和習語。安德森

Cooper interviewing Bill Gates on innovation and  global warming. Some pretty interesting phrases  

庫珀就創新和全球變暖問題採訪了比爾-蓋茨。一些相當有趣的句子

came up. As a non-native speaker, learning  these words, phrases and idioms will help  

出現了。作為一個非母語者，學習這些單詞、短語和習語將有助於

you sound more sophisticated in your everyday  English. We'll help you express yourself better.  

你在日常英語中聽起來更成熟。我們將幫助你更好地表達自己。

So helpful in English conversations but also  preparing to take the IELTS or TOEFL exam.  

在英語會話中很有幫助，但也準備參加雅思或托福考試。

Let's learn these vocabulary  words and phrases together today.

今天讓我們一起學習這些詞彙和短語。

To start, Bill Gates is talking about what  needs to happen to stop global warming.  

首先，比爾-蓋茨正在談論為阻止全球變暖需要發生什麼。

You'll see on-screen texts like this:

你會在螢幕上看到這樣的文字。

This will highlight words or phrases that we'll  learn about at the end of this 13-second clip.

這將突出顯示我們將在這個13秒的片段結束時學習的單詞或短語。

And it needs a level of cooperation  that would be unprecedented.

而且它需要的合作程度將是前所未有的。

That doesn't sound feasible.

這聽起來並不可行。

No, it's not easy but hey,

不，這並不容易，但是嘿。

That sounds impossible.

這聽起來不可能。

In 30 years, we have more  educated people than ever,  

30年來，我們的受教育者比以前多。

we have a generation that's  speaking out on this topic.

我們有一代人正在就這個話題發表意見。

Unprecedented is a great vocabulary word.  

史無前例是一個偉大的詞彙。

It's an adjective and it means never done  before, never known before. Gates thinks to  

這是一個形容詞，它的意思是以前從未做過，以前從未知道。蓋茨認為要

stop global warming it's about cooperation.  And a level of cooperation around the world  

阻止全球變暖是關於合作。 而世界範圍內的合作水準

that we've never seen before that's never  happen before. Unprecedented cooperation.

我們以前從未見過的，以前從未發生過的。空前的合作。

And it needs a level of cooperation  that would be unprecedented.

而且它需要的合作程度將是前所未有的。

That doesn't sound feasible.

這聽起來並不可行。

No, that's not easy.

不，這並不容易。

That doesn't sound feasible. What do you  think this word means? It's another adjective  

這聽起來並不可行。你認為這個詞是什麼意思？這是另一個形容詞

and it means possible to do easily  or conveniently, likely or probable.

而它的意思是可以輕鬆或方便地做，可能或可能。

Anderson Cooper doesn't think this  kind of cooperation will be easy  

安德森-庫珀不認為這種合作會很容易

and he's right. I mean we just heard Bill Gates  describe it as unprecedented. But not feasible  

而且他是對的。我的意思是，我們剛剛聽到比爾-蓋茨描述它是前所未有的。但不可行

doesn't necessarily mean it  can't happen. It just means  

並不一定意味著它不可能發生。它只是意味著

very hard to make happen.  Will we be able to do it?

非常難以實現。 我們能做到嗎？

That doesn't sound feasible.

這聽起來並不可行。

No, it's not easy.

不，這並不容易。

We'll, Gates points out that we have a  generation that's speaking out on this  

我們會，蓋茨指出，我們有一代人在這個問題上發表意見

topic. Speaking out is a phrasal verb and  it means to express your feelings or opinion  

主題。說出是一個短語動詞，它意味著表達你的感受或意見

usually publicly. If you don't like  to policies of government, speak out.  

通常是公開的。如果你不喜歡政府的政策，就大聲說出來。

This is similar to speak up. Speak up has  2 different definitions and one of them  

這類似於大聲說話。說出來有2個不同的定義，其中一個是

is this one. Just like speak out. To express one's  opinions frankly and openly. But more frequently,  

是這個。就像說出來。坦率地、公開地表達自己的意見。但更頻繁。

we use speak up to mean speak louder. Speak up.  I can't hear you. The opposite of that is not  

我們用speak up來表示大聲說話。大聲點。 我聽不到你的聲音。與此相反的是不

speak down, it's quiet down. Quiet down, you're  being way too loud. Gates said a generation is  

小聲點，是安靜點。安靜下來，你太吵了。蓋茨說，一代人是

speaking out, is voicing their opinions that  we need to do more to address global warming.

他們正在發表意見，認為我們需要做更多工作來解決全球變暖問題。

We have more educated people than ever, we have  a generation that's speaking out on this topic.

我們有比以往更多的受教育者，我們有一代人在這個話題上發言。

Let's keep going.

讓我們繼續前進。

You know I got to participate in the miracle  of the personal computer and the internet.

你知道我有機會參與到個人電腦和互聯網的奇蹟中。

Participate in the miracle. I love  this way of describing his life.  

參與奇蹟的發生。我喜歡這種描述他生活的方式。

He's not taking credit. He's saying  he participated in what happened.  

他不是在邀功。他是說他參與了所發生的事情。

He's saying he got to take part in it. In  the amazing creation. The miracle of personal  

他是說他有機會參與其中。在這驚人的創造中。個人的奇蹟

computers and the internet. 2 things that  absolutely changed, transformed human life.

計算機和互聯網。這兩樣東西絕對改變了，改變了人類的生活。

You know I got to participate in the miracle of  the personal computer and the internet and so  

你知道我有機會參與個人電腦和互聯網的奇蹟，所以

yes, I have a bias to believe  innovation can do these things.

是的，我有一個偏見，相信創新可以做這些事情。

Bias has a couple of different definitions.  Here it means prejudiced. In favor of or  

偏見有幾個不同的定義。 在這裡，它意味著有偏見。傾向於或

against something usually considered to be  unfair. For example, as a parent I have a  

反對通常被認為是不公平的東西。例如，作為一個家長，我有一個

bias to think of my kids are the cutest kids  on Earth. I'm not neutral. I have a bias. Bill  

偏偏想到我的孩子是地球上最可愛的孩子。我不是中立的。我是有偏見的。比爾

Gates has a bias to believe that innovation  is the answer because of his background.

蓋茨有一種偏見，認為創新是答案，因為他的背景。

So I have a bias to believe  innovation can do these things.

所以我有一個偏見，相信創新可以做這些事情。

Now we'll skip ahead in the  interview. To see the whole interview,  

現在，我們將在採訪中向前跳過。要看整個採訪。

see the link in the video description.

見視頻描述中的鏈接。

This next clip we'll study is 15 seconds long.

接下來我們要研究的這個片段有15秒長。

He supports President Biden's decision  to rejoin the Paris climate agreement  

他支持拜登總統重新加入巴黎氣候協議的決定

but is asking the administration to  massively increase the budget for  

但卻要求政府大規模地增加預算，以用於

climate and clean energy research  to 35 billion dollars a year.

氣候和清潔能源研究每年達到350億美元。

You've said that government need to do the hard  stuff but not just go after the low-hanging  

你已經說過，政府需要做困難的事情，但不是隻去做那些低風險的事情。

fruit. Massively is an adverb and it means on  a vast scale, a very great extent extremely.  

水果。大規模是一個副詞，它的意思是在一個巨大的規模上，一個非常大的程度上。

Massively increase the budget. This  means you can't just add a little bit  

大幅增加預算。這意味著你不能只增加一點兒

more money to this project. It has  to be greatly, extremely increased.

更多的錢給這個項目。它必須大大地、極度地增加。

He supports President Biden's decision to  rejoin the Paris climate agreement but is  

他支持拜登總統重新加入巴黎氣候協議的決定，但他認為

asking the administration to massively increase  the budget for climate and clean energy research.

要求政府大規模增加氣候和清潔能源研究的預算。

Low-hanging fruit. This idiom  has nothing to do with fruit or  

低垂的果實。這個成語與水果或其他東西沒有關係。

food. See if its definition becomes  clearer as they discuss it further.

食物。看看隨著他們的進一步討論，其定義是否變得更加清晰。

You've said that the government  need to do the hard stuff  

你已經說過，政府需要做一些困難的事情

but not just go after the low hanging  fruit. What's the low-hanging fruit?

但不能只追求低垂的水果。什麼是低垂的果實？

Passenger cars, part of the electric generation with renewables. The things that everybody knows about  

乘用車，用可再生能源發電的一部分。大家都知道的事情

that's getting almost all the money not the  hard parts which is the industrial piece  

這幾乎是所有的錢，而不是困難的部分，也就是工業部分。

including the steel and cement. Those  pieces we've hardly started to work on.

包括鋼鐵和水泥。這些作品我們幾乎沒有開始工作。

Low-hanging fruit. The things that are the easiest  to do first. The things you'll be able to get with  

低懸的果實。最容易先做的事情。你將能夠得到的東西。

little effort. Gates says we have to go beyond  that. Not just do the easy things but tackle the big  

一點努力。蓋茨說，我們必須超越這一點。不僅僅是做容易的事情，而是解決大的問題。

difficult parts of carbon emissions as well.  

碳排放的困難部分也是如此。

We'll skip ahead again as they discuss  the research Gates is funding.

當他們討論蓋茨正在資助的研究時，我們將再次跳過前面。

It kind of blows my mind, you know  what's the cost of making that stuff?

這有點讓我吃驚，你知道製造這些東西的成本是多少？

Gates regularly consults with a funds  team of top scientists and entrepreneurs  

蓋茨定期與頂級科學家和企業家組成的基金團隊進行磋商

which so far invested in 50 companies with  cutting edge ideas to reduce carbon emissions.

迄今為止，它投資了50傢俱有減少碳排放尖端理念的公司。

Blows my mind. Ouch! Do you know this  phrase? It basically means to amaze someone.  

讓我大吃一驚。嗷！！！"。你知道這句話嗎？它的基本意思是讓人驚奇。

If you blow someone's mind, it's like  

如果你讓別人大吃一驚，這就像

Wow! They never thought of that. They had no idea  that was possible. It's usually a good thing.

哇哦!他們從未想過這一點。他們不知道那是可能的。這通常是一件好事。

It kind of blows my mind, you know  what's the cost of making that stuff?

這有點讓我吃驚，你知道製造這些東西的成本是多少？

We also heard Gates regularly consults. To consult  is a verb. It means to ask the opinion of advice  

我們還聽說蓋茨經常進行諮詢。諮詢是一個動詞。它的意思是詢問建議的意見

of someone usually an expert. I'm going to consult  a lawyer before I sign this contract. For example.

的人通常是專家。在簽署這份合同之前，我打算諮詢一下律師。比如說。

Gates regularly consults with a funds  team of top scientists and entrepreneurs  

蓋茨定期與頂級科學家和企業家組成的基金團隊進行磋商

which so far invested in 50 companies with  cutting edge ideas to reduce carbon emissions.

迄今為止，它投資了50傢俱有減少碳排放尖端理念的公司。

In the clip, we also heard the phrase “cutting  edge ideas.” Cutting edge means the most advanced.  

在這個片段中，我們還聽到了 "前沿思想 "這個短語。尖端意味著最先進。

Cutting edge ideas, notice that flap T in cutting.  Cutting, cutting edge. These are ideas that are  

尖端的想法，注意切割中的翻蓋T。 切割，切割的邊緣。這些想法是

at the forefront, ahead of everything else, the  most advanced ideas on how to solve this problem.

處於最前沿，領先於其他一切，關於如何解決這個問題的最先進的想法。

Gates regularly consults with a funds team of  top scientists and entrepreneurs which so far  

蓋茨定期與一個由頂級科學家和企業家組成的基金團隊進行磋商，到目前為止

invested in 50 companies with cutting  edge ideas to reduce carbon emissions.

投資於50傢俱有減少碳排放的尖端理念的公司。

Cutting edge ideas. Sometimes, they are far-flung.

尖端的想法。有時，他們是遠道而來的。

What's like to most far-flung idea you've backed?

你支持過的最遙遠的想法是什麼？

Far-flung means distant or remote. He's moving to  some far-flung town and I'll never see him again.  

遠方的意思是遙遠的或偏僻的。他要搬到某個遙遠的小鎮，我再也見不到他了。

A far-flung idea is one that seems so crazy. We're  just not sure it could work. You could also say  

一個遙遠的想法是一個看起來如此瘋狂的想法。我們只是不確定它是否能成功。你也可以說

far-fetched. A far-fetched idea or an outlandish  idea. Let's see how they talk about it.

牽強附會。牽強的想法或離奇的想法。讓我們看看他們是如何談論這個問題的。

What's like to most far-flung idea you've backed?

你支持過的最遙遠的想法是什麼？

There's one that's so crazy  it's even hard to describe.

有一個是如此瘋狂，甚至難以描述。

(laughing) Wait a minute. It's so crazy it's hard to describe.

(笑)等一下。它是如此瘋狂，難以描述。

Yeah. How do you pitch that to investors?

是的，你如何向投資者推介？

How do you pitch that to investors? Pitch is a  word with a lot of meanings but the one that's  

你如何向投資者推介？推銷是一個有很多含義的詞，但最重要的是

most known is the US is probably the verb.  Pitching a baseball to a batter. But we also  

在美國，最有名的可能是動詞。 將棒球投給擊球手。但我們也

use it to pitch an idea. To introduce an idea  that we hope someone will like. Let's say you're  

用它來介紹一個想法。介紹一個我們希望有人會喜歡的想法。比方說，你是

renovating your house. The contractor ran into a  problem. There was a pipe where it wasn't expected  

翻新你的房子。承包商遇到了一個問題。有一個管道在沒有預期的地方

and you're trying to figure out what to do. You've  looked at a couple of options and your designer  

而你正試圖弄清楚該怎麼做。你已經看了幾個選項，你的設計師

could say “Let me pitch another option to you.”  If you pitch investors that means you're telling  

可以說 "讓我向你介紹另一種選擇"。 如果你向投資者推銷，這意味著你要告訴

them about a business you hope they want to invest  in. Have you ever seen the show “Shark Tank”? In  

他們關於你希望他們想要投資的企業。你看過 "鯊魚坦克 "這個節目嗎？在

each episode, several small business owners pitch  their businesses to a panel of investors hoping  

每集節目中，幾個小企業主向投資者小組介紹他們的業務，希望

that someone will think their business is good  enough to invest in. When you invest in  

有人會認為他們的生意好到可以投資。當你投資於

something, you're backing it. Listen to  how that verb, to back a company is used.

你在支持它。聽聽這個動詞 "支持一家公司 "是如何使用的。

But forming the vegetables used to make  many meat alternatives emits gases as well.  

但形成用於製造許多肉類替代品的蔬菜也會排放出氣體。

So Gates is also backing a company that's  created an entirely new food source.

所以蓋茨也在支持一家創造了全新食物來源的公司。

If you back a company, you're investing in that  company. You're giving it money to help it grow  

如果你支持一家公司，你就是在投資這家公司。你在給它錢，幫助它成長。

and you hope to make money from that investment.

而且你希望從這項投資中賺錢。

is also backing a company that's  created an entirely new food source.

也在支持一家創造了全新食物來源的公司。

So how does Gates decide what companies to back,  what companies to pitch to other investors.

那麼，蓋茨是如何決定支持哪些公司，向其他投資者推銷哪些公司的。

So 15 years ago, Gates started  educating himself on climate change,  

是以，15年前，蓋茨開始對自己進行氣候變化教育。

bringing scientists and engineers to his office in Seattle for what he calls learning  

將科學家和工程師帶到他在西雅圖的辦公室，進行他所謂的學習

sessions. He also reads voraciously. Books  and binders full of scientific research.

會議。他還貪婪地閱讀。書籍和活頁夾充滿了科學研究。

He knows by educating himself by reading  voraciously. Voracious is an adjective  

他知道通過貪婪地閱讀來教育自己。貪婪是一個形容詞

that means having a huge appetite. A kid going  through a growth spurt might eat voraciously.  

這意味著有一個巨大的胃口。一個正在經歷生長高峰的孩子可能會貪婪地吃。

But we also use it for books. He's a voracious  reader, always in a middle of several books.

但我們也用它來看書。他是一個貪婪的讀者，總是在幾本書的中間。

He also reads voraciously. Books and  binders full of scientific research.

他還貪婪地閱讀。書籍和活頁夾裡裝滿了科研成果。

He describes new technologies  that he's helping fund.  

他介紹了他正在幫助資助的新技術。

Here, he's talking about a new kind of nuclear powerplant.

在這裡，他說的是一種新型的核電站。

Nuclear power can be done in a way  that none of those failures of the past  

核電可以做到沒有過去的那些失敗的方式

would recur because just the  physics of how it's built.

會復發，因為只是物理學上的建造方式。

Recur is a verb that means to come up again, to  occur again in an interval of time. For example,  

Recur是一個動詞，意味著再次出現，在一個時間間隔內再次出現。比如說。

my online school, Rachel's  English Academy is a subscription.  

我的網校，Rachel's English Academy是一個訂閱。

That means every month you pay. Unless you cancel  of course. It's a recurring payment. Gates says  

這意味著你每個月都要付錢。當然，除非你取消。這是一個經常性的付款。蓋茨說

problems of the past would not  recur, would not happen again.

過去的問題不會再出現，不會再發生。

none of those failures of the past would recur

過去的那些失敗都不會再發生了

In the meantime, how is Gates solving the  problem of his own gigantic carbon footprint?

同時，蓋茨是如何解決他自己巨大的碳足跡問題的？

And so I'm offsetting my personal emissions.

是以，我正在抵消我的個人排放。

Those are called carbon offset.

這些被稱為碳抵消。

Right. You know, so it's causing $400  a ton, it's like seven million dollars.

對。你知道，所以它造成了400美元一噸，就像七百萬美元。

So you're paying seven million dollars  a year to offset your carbon footprint?

所以你每年要付七百萬美元來抵消你的碳足跡？

Yup.

是的。

Offsetting and offset. Offset has a couple  of different meanings. Here it means  

抵銷和抵消。偏移有幾個不同的含義。在這裡，它意味著

a counterbalance. To counteract something  with an opposing force or effect. He puts  

一種平衡。用一種相反的力量或效果來抵消某種東西。他把

all those carbon into the atmosphere by for  example, flying in a plane and he offsets that  

所有這些碳進入大氣層，例如，乘坐飛機，他抵消了這些碳。

by doing things that reduce carbon in the  atmosphere by planting trees. Offset can also mean  

通過植樹造林來減少大氣中的碳。抵消也可以指

to bring something out of line.  For example, this mark is offset.

使某些東西偏離直線。 例如，這個標記是偏移的。

So you're paying seven million dollars  a year to offset your carbon footprint?

所以你每年要付七百萬美元來抵消你的碳足跡？

Yup.

是的。

Of course, most people can afford to offset  their carbon footprint. Where does that leave us?

當然，大多數人有能力抵消他們的碳足跡。那我們該怎麼辦呢？

It just seems overwhelming if every  aspect of our daily life has to change

如果我們的日常生活的每一個方面都必須改變，這似乎是壓倒性的。

It can seem overwhelming.

這似乎會讓人不知所措。

But you were optimistic.

但你是樂觀的。

Yeah. There are days when it looks very hard.  

是的。有一些日子，它看起來非常艱難。

If people think it's easy, they're wrong. If  people think it's impossible, they're wrong.

如果人們認為這很容易，他們就錯了。如果人們認為這是不可能的，他們就錯了。

It's possible.

這是有可能的。

It's possible but it'll be the most  amazing thing mankind has ever done.

這是有可能的，但這將是人類有史以來最神奇的事情。

If something is overwhelming, that means there's  so much of something, you can't really deal with it. 

如果某件事情是壓倒性的，這意味著有這麼多東西，你真的無法處理。

There's an overwhelming amount of sick people  needing care. The hospitals are overwhelmed. That  

有大量的病人需要照顧。醫院已經不堪重負。這

happens driving Covid-19. Many hospitals  where overwhelmed. There were more patients  

發生駕駛Covid-19。許多醫院都不堪重負。有更多的病人

than the hospitals could really handle. It's used  a lot with your emotions too or state of mind.  

比醫院真正能夠處理的還要多。它也經常用於你的情緒或精神狀態。

I have so much work to do, I am overwhelmed. I'm  having problems starting any of my projects.  

我有太多的工作要做，我被壓倒了。我的任何一個項目的開始都有問題。

In this case, it can be overwhelming. Thinking  about all the things we needed to do to change,  

在這種情況下，它可能是壓倒性的。想到我們需要做的所有事情來改變。

to reduce carbon emissions. There  are so many things to change,  

以減少碳排放。有許多事情需要改變。

it can be hard taking it all in and  figuring out what specifically to do.

它可能很難接受這一切，並確定具體該做什麼。

It just seems overwhelming if every  aspect of our daily life has to change

如果我們的日常生活的每一個方面都必須改變，這似乎是壓倒性的。

It can seem overwhelming.

這似乎會讓人不知所措。

But you were optimistic.

但你是樂觀的。

Yeah.

是的。

If you're optimistic, you're hopeful  and confident about the future.  

如果你是樂觀的，你對未來充滿希望和信心。

In this case, Bill Gates does think that we can  do, what we need to do to stop global warming.

在這種情況下，比爾-蓋茨確實認為我們可以做，我們需要做的事情，以阻止全球變暖。

It's possible but it'll be the most  amazing thing mankind has ever done.

這是有可能的，但這將是人類有史以來最神奇的事情。

That's what it has to be.

這就是它必須的。

Yeah, it's an all-out effort. You know, like a  world war but it's us against greenhouse gases.  

是的，這是一個全面的努力。你知道，就像一場世界大戰，但它是我們對抗溫室氣體。

All-out means using all of one's strength  or resources. In an all-out effort,  

全力以赴是指使用自己所有的力量或資源。在全力以赴的情況下。

you use everything you have, every resource,  

你使用你所擁有的一切，每一種資源。

you don't hold anything back. You don't  save anything or reserve anything.

你不保留任何東西。你不保存任何東西或保留任何東西。

It's an all-out effort. You know, like a world  war but it's us against greenhouse gases.

這是一個全面的努力。你知道，就像一場世界大戰，但它是我們對抗溫室氣體。

I appreciate the optimism that Bill  Gates has and the investment he's  

我欣賞比爾-蓋茨的樂觀精神和他的投資。

making by researching and backing companies  who are looking into far-flung ideas that may  

通過研究和支持那些正在研究遙遠的想法的公司，這些公司可能會有更多的機會。

transform our future. I hope you learn  some new vocabulary and enjoyed this lesson  

改變我們的未來。我希望你能學到一些新的詞彙，並享受這一課。

learning English through interviews,  through news. This is from the news show  

通過採訪，通過新聞學習英語。這是來自新聞節目

“60 Minutes” and you can find the link to  the whole interview in the video description.

"60分鐘"，你可以在視頻描述中找到整個採訪的鏈接。

I make new videos on the  English language every Tuesday,