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  • [missile firing]

  • [machine gun firing]

  • [missile exploding]

  • David Marquet: What?

  • Crazy.

  • I'm David Marquet,

  • former nuclear submarine commander,

  • and I'm gonna watch some submarine clips,

  • and we're gonna rate them for realism.

  • Officer: Torpedo!

  • The Americans are shooting at us again.

  • Jonesy: Pitch is too high.

  • The torpedo's Russian.

  • [torpedo firing]

  • David: Yes, you can tell what kind of torpedo it is

  • by the sound that it makes,

  • and all different torpedoes have slightly different sounds.

  • So, one of the things we do is study

  • all those different sounds to help us out.

  • Officer: Conn, sonar, new contact, Sierra 4-1.

  • Alfa-class Soviet submarine.

  • David: Alfa-class Soviet submarine.

  • It sends shivers up my spine!

  • The Alfa was this crazy submarine

  • that the Russians built back in the '70s.

  • People were trying all kinds of different things.

  • They had a titanium hull.

  • They used liquefied lead to cool the reactor,

  • if you can imagine such a thing.

  • It was the fastest, deepest-diving submarine ever.

  • Basically it's like a Miyata with a Corvette engine.

  • It was a crazy submarine.

  • Officer: Weapon enabled on the far side of the target.

  • It passed Red October before it armed.

  • David: If you turn your torpedo on too far out there

  • because you're trying to get as close as possible

  • and you overshoot, you missed.

  • Ramius: Melekhin, more speed.

  • Melekhin: Negative.

  • You're already running 110%.

  • Ramius: Then give me 115%.

  • David: No, you don't do 115% on a reactor.

  • You do 100%. Point zero. [laughs]

  • Officer: They didn't shoot at us.

  • I can't attack a Soviet submarine without authorization.

  • David: That's right.

  • Rules of self-defense don't let you do that.

  • You see how Sean Connery

  • and Scott Glenn, playing the two submarine commanders,

  • they're, like, cool as cucumbers.

  • These guys are within a few seconds

  • of maybe getting blown to bits.

  • This is exactly the way submarine commanders are.

  • Mancuso: You're heading straight into that torpedo.

  • [torpedo firing]

  • David: It's a highly unlikely maneuver

  • to actually work, especially twice.

  • And the torpedoes would never be that close together,

  • so that, it loses some credibility.

  • But overall, the sense of

  • not really knowing what's going on,

  • the sense of having to make decisions,

  • the sense of this cat and mouse is all really good.

  • When I joined the submarine force,

  • I didn't come from a military family.

  • My mom's like, "What do you do?"

  • And I'm like, when this movie came out,

  • I'm like, "Mom, watch this movie! This'll tell you."

  • Eight out of 10.

  • [tense music]

  • [man screams]

  • [glass breaks]

  • We don't use glass on a submarine like that.

  • [laughs] And that's why.

  • [submarine crashing]

  • Considering these guys just drove into the bottom,

  • they're in pretty good shape.

  • Unfortunately, we kind of know what this looks like

  • because in 2005,

  • a US nuclear submarine did hit the bottom.

  • This was a glancing blow.

  • 98 of the 135 people on board

  • suffered some sort of injury.

  • It was very bloody on the submarine.

  • A lot of contusions, broken bones.

  • And this would be much worse than that,

  • because it went straight down.

  • They were going straight into the bottom.

  • And so I think letting everyone sort of be OK,

  • yeah, we saw some people bumping around,

  • but basically everyone was OK afterwards.

  • Of course you can't have a movie if everyone dies.

  • That's the end of the movie.

  • The sense of what it's like when you turn vertical, though,

  • that's pretty good.

  • So I'm gonna give it a six out of 10.

  • You don't want to do this, by the way, on your submarine.

  • [explosion]

  • [man screams]

  • Why that torpedo just fell over kind of that easy,

  • it looked like there was a cable cut.

  • These things are strapped down in multiple straps.

  • It's really hard to dislodge them.

  • And then the other thing is,

  • what they're showing here is pretty accurate.

  • It takes a lot for the weapon to go off,

  • and the thing falls and bounces;

  • the weapon's not gonna go off.

  • You hit it with a hammer; the weapon's not gonna go off.

  • You heat it up; the weapon's not gonna go off.

  • These things are designed so that

  • it takes a very specific sequence of operations

  • to make the actual warhead go off.

  • So, these are torpedoes,

  • with the classic propeller on the back,

  • and they're designed to go sink other ships or submarines.

  • Submarines also can carry missiles that can attack

  • land targets and missiles that can attack other ships,

  • and also mines that would lie in wait for the bad guy.

  • It only takes one of these modern torpedoes

  • to sink all but the very largest warships.

  • It's a space that every crew member

  • on the submarine would have access to

  • and would be knowledgeable about.

  • The reason is because if there's some sort of a casualty,

  • we need to muster the entire crew to go find it.

  • The philosophy on a submarine is, "One crew, one fight."

  • So with very few exceptions,

  • the entire crew has access to the entire ship.

  • I'm gonna give it a seven out of 10.

  • [menacing music]

  • [submarine explodes]

  • Barney: Mayday! Mayday! The engine room has sprung a leak!

  • David: Now, this scene from "The Simpsons"

  • sends shivers up my spine,

  • because this is the worst fear

  • of all submariners, flooding.

  • At deep depth, the water comes in very, very quickly,

  • and you don't need to flood the entire submarine.

  • Here's what happens.

  • Let's say there's water in the front part of the submarine.

  • That part of the submarine starts to get heavier,

  • and then the submarine starts to tip down like this,

  • which means that the water in the submarine

  • rushes more towards the front,

  • and it makes it even heavier and tips down even more.

  • And so what happens is now the sub,

  • you end up like this.

  • And when you're like this,

  • your ballast tanks don't work anymore.

  • You can't use the air to blow the water out,

  • because the air will just go out the side.

  • This is how you die in a submarine.

  • And if you saw the movie "Titanic,"

  • that's how that ship sank.

  • And you remember at the end of the movie

  • as the ship was sinking, the Titanic was rising up,

  • and that's because the water was cascading

  • from compartment to compartment to compartment.

  • It's called the free-surface effect,

  • and that's how you die on a submarine.

  • It's not pretty.

  • Now, if you're taking on water like these guys are,

  • the first thing you're going to want to do

  • is come as shallow as possible.

  • That does two things for you.

  • No. 1, the pumps that are pumping off the water

  • have less pressure to pump against,

  • so you're pumping off faster

  • and the water coming in has less pressure behind it.

  • Easiest way to stop flooding on a submarine,

  • because most of the water inside a submarine

  • is coming in through pipes, is we have these valves

  • that we can shut. Isolate the system.

  • Now, here, it looks like it's next to a tank

  • or maybe even the hull. In that case,

  • it's a very, very difficult problem,

  • because when you get a leak,

  • that water is spraying in so hard.

  • It's harder than any water cannon you have ever seen.

  • And they show it here; it's trickling in

  • like a limp garden hose!

  • There's no way!

  • So, you're pushing against the pressure

  • to put an earring pin in there? No.

  • The most realistic thing in this whole scene

  • is the guy underwater drinking beer.

  • So I gotta give them, like, at least

  • a three, though, for trying. [laughs]

  • Morozov: From here to here.

  • Robinson: Which means we are on one of these two ridges,

  • or we'd be crushed.

  • David: Yeah, now, these charts are very accurate.

  • You can see they have contour lines,

  • and for a body of water like the Black Sea,

  • which humans have operated in for a long time,

  • it's probably very well mapped. That's probably accurate.

  • Robinson: No, the Black Sea is anoxic at depth. No oxygen.

  • David: Yeah, the Black Sea is a very special body of water.

  • It's basically like a bathtub,

  • and it has very little interaction,

  • and you have rivers flowing into it,

  • and then that flows out to the Mediterranean.

  • So, deep, there's a layer

  • where the deeper water is anoxic.

  • There's very, very little oxygen.

  • And as a result, there's little decay.

  • Now, I'm not sure it's perfectly preserved,

  • but it's just like finding human remains in bogs.

  • They're very well preserved.

  • Whether they can use the driveshaft or not,

  • I don't know.

  • But it's still overall nine out of 10 for realism.

  • That's true.

  • Ramsey: We have rules that are not open to interpretation,

  • personal intuition, gut feelings,

  • hairs on the back of your neck.

  • Hunter: Captain.

  • Ramsey: We're all very well aware of what our orders are

  • and what those orders mean.

  • David: This is exactly right.

  • You wanna side with Denzel,

  • but what Gene Hackman is saying right here is exactly right.

  • These guys are trained on this 100 times,

  • including the exact kinds of errors

  • that they're seeing right now.

  • But then he takes it too far.

  • Ramsey: Cob, arrest this man and get him out of here!

  • Hunter: Capt. Ramsey, under operating procedures

  • governing the release of nuclear weapons,

  • we cannot launch our missiles unless both you and I agree.

  • David: That's right.

  • So, Denzel doesn't need to get in a big argument,

  • he just needs to say, "I'm not gonna announce that."

  • The rest of the crew knows.

  • The procedure is if they don't hear both voices,

  • those missiles aren't gonna fly.

  • Gene Hackman doesn't have the right to remove him

  • from his position because he doesn't agree with him.

  • It's set up so that two people

  • independently have to make the decision

  • to launch nuclear weapons. It's such a huge deal.

  • Ramsey: I order you to place the XO

  • under arrest under charges of mutiny!

  • David: Now, this is all just a fantasy

  • that some Hollywood people dreamed up.

  • First of all, it's not mutiny,

  • because Denzel is not collaborating with anybody.

  • It's just, he's by himself.

  • Mutiny would mean he has a whole bunch of,

  • or at least one other person with him.

  • Denzel can't relieve the captain

  • just because he doesn't agree with the captain's decision.

  • Commanding officers can get relieved

  • for, for example, a medical reason,

  • he's incapacitated.

  • Having a disagreement about something

  • is not a legitimate reason

  • for relieving your commanding officer.

  • No one would follow that order.

  • I'm gonna give it, like, a

  • four out of 10.

  • [alarm ringing]

  • So, that's kind of what it would look like.

  • Now, the reason they have to practice this

  • is because a World War II submarine

  • spends a lot of time on the surface.

  • It's really more of a submersible,

  • because they have diesel engines and they need oxygen.

  • Nuclear submarines,

  • we spend almost all of our time underwater.

  • So, let's say you're on the surface, steaming along,

  • and all of a sudden someone sees

  • an airplane coming toward you.

  • You gotta get underwater very, very, very quickly.

  • So what's happening is the people on the bridge

  • are coming down from the bridge.

  • Now, the hatch is open, but at the same time

  • we're opening the vents and flooding the submarine

  • and tipping it deep.

  • You gotta get the hatch shut

  • before the water level comes up to that level,

  • or all of a sudden you're gonna start taking flooding.

  • So it's a very highly choreographed

  • and synchronized event.

  • This is a 10 out of 10.

  • This is exactly what it would have been like.

  • Man: Chief of the watch, submerge the ship to 160 feet.

  • David: So, you see here, the submarine spends

  • as little time on the surface as possible.

  • Submariners are allergic to sunlight.

  • The whole point of being a submarine is to stay underwater.

  • So they pop up at the very last minute,

  • and as soon as they get the SEAL team on board,

  • which they do very rapidly,

  • shut the hatch and submerge the ship again.

  • Here's the thing in war.

  • If you can be seen, you can be targeted.

  • If you can be targeted, you can be shot.

  • If you can be shot, you can be killed.

  • So the best way to break that chain of events

  • is at the very beginning.

  • Overall, I'm gonna rate this a seven out of 10 for realism.

  • Vostrikov: The reactor repair has failed.

  • At any moment we could have an explosion,

  • which could set off the warheads.

  • David: No. Reactors don't explode.

  • This unfortunately is perpetuating a myth

  • that we have to fight in nuclear power,

  • which is that reactors are somehow like nuclear weapons

  • and that a reactor's gonna explode

  • like nuclear weapons can.

  • So, first of all, the reactor's not gonna explode.

  • Secondly, I'd say within their power,

  • it might melt down, but it's not gonna explode.

  • If it exploded, the chance of it igniting,

  • detonating secondary weapons, zero.

  • 'Cause the other weapons are designed not to go off

  • just because there's another explosion nearby.

  • Vostrikov: This would destroy the American ship

  • only a few kilometers

  • from the NATO base.

  • David: It wouldn't set off the warheads,

  • 'cause the warheads are designed not to detonate

  • unless their detonation sequence goes through.

  • You can't, if you blow up a warhead,

  • it doesn't also blow up.

  • The chance that they'd be so close

  • that if their warheads went off,

  • it would destroy this other ship or the NATO base,

  • again, highly, highly, highly improbable.

  • Vostrikov: We could dive and attempt to repair the reactor.

  • David: No.

  • What does diving have to do with repairing the reactor?

  • You just repair the reactor wherever you are.

  • So, I mean, they don't really have much of a choice here.

  • Either they don't try and fix the reactor

  • and risk an explosion, or they try and fix the reactor.

  • So it's not like there's a whole debate here,

  • but I'm gonna rate this a zero out of 10,

  • because not only is it totally unrealistic,

  • but it perpetuates

  • some of the unhelpful myths about nuclear power.

  • Klough: This is the Navy,

  • where a commanding officer's a mighty and terrible thing.

  • Don't you dare say what you said

  • to the boys back there again, "I don't know."

  • David: Yeah, this is a command philosophy thing.

  • Now, I'll tell you, I like to say, "I don't know,"

  • because what it does is it invites thinking from the crew.

  • When Capt. Sullenberger landed his airplane,

  • the Airbus on the Hudson River,

  • one of the last things that he said to the copilot was,

  • "Hey, you got any ideas?"

  • What you want is everyone on board and thinking.

  • Now, maybe in an extreme crisis you don't wanna act

  • like you don't really know what's going on,

  • but 99.999% of the time,

  • saying, "I don't know," saying, "What do you think?"

  • That's really a good thing.

  • Klough: You're the skipper now.

  • And the skipper always knows what to do,

  • whether he does or not.

  • David: The official title for the captain of a submarine

  • is commanding officer or CO or sometimes captain.

  • That's a very common thing.

  • But here, Harvey Keitel

  • refers to Matthew McConaughey as "skipper."

  • That comes from an old German Dutch word

  • that's based on ships: schip, schipper.

  • Another term for the captain

  • is little less fun.

  • It's called the "old man."

  • And they might refer to the captain as the old man

  • 'cause typically the captain

  • was the oldest person on the ship.

  • Now, you'll notice they're wearing different uniforms.

  • And the idea, it comes from back in World War II,

  • the submarines, because they're so tight

  • and so claustrophobic,

  • they were a little less formal than the surface ships.

  • And the men tended to take some liberties

  • with their uniforms.

  • This is pushing it a little bit.

  • On modern submarines,

  • what you're gonna find

  • is everyone is looking very professional.

  • We have common uniforms, and they're designed

  • to protect us from fires and things like that.

  • So we take these uniforms very seriously,

  • because they could end up saving our lives.

  • I'm gonna give it an eight out of 10.

  • Man: Captain, we're prepared to counter launch.

  • David: Yeah, so this is the first question.

  • "We're prepared to counter launch."

  • Counter launch what?

  • Submarines don't have weapons to shoot down other missiles.

  • They have weapons to shoot down ships and other submarines.

  • [missile firing]

  • [guns firing]

  • [missile exploding]

  • What?

  • Yeah, that's an incredible weapon, but not that incredible.

  • Look, these missiles are the size

  • of small school buses.

  • They're flying at 1,000 miles an hour,

  • they're this far away, coming this way at the submarine,

  • you put 100 bullets in that thing in two seconds,

  • it's still gonna go right through the submarine.

  • Crazy.

  • Multiple issues with tactics.

  • The physics of the thing don't really work.

  • I don't think any submarine commander would act that way.

  • I love the movie, but it's not realistic.

  • I'm gonna give it a three out of 10.

  • [singing and drumming]

  • Yeah, I don't think so.

  • Here's the problem. Sound does not transmit well

  • between a big interface, like the water to the air.

  • So, you can stick your head underwater

  • and you can hear, say you could hear whales and stuff,

  • then you put your head in the air;

  • you don't hear them anymore.

  • And the reverse is true.

  • Sound that's in the air doesn't transmit into the water.

  • If he were drumming on the side of the ship,

  • the side of that little rowboat,

  • and that rowboat was transmitting the noise into the water,

  • then, yeah, I could hear that,

  • but it wouldn't have the fidelity

  • that these guys are listening to.

  • Good movie, but this scene, not so realistic.

  • Five out of 10 for this particular scene.

  • Murrell: Mr. Ware, set depth charges to 100.

  • Mr. Ware: Arr!

  • [death charges firing]

  • David: Yeah, so in World War II,

  • none of these weapons were guided.

  • You had to drive directly over the enemy submarine

  • and launch your depth charges,

  • hopefully setting them to the right depth.

  • [sonar beeping]

  • Von Stolberg: He's turning.

  • David: So, he's listening to the sonar,

  • and when you have two propellers,

  • those destroyers have two propellers,

  • and so when a ship starts to turn,

  • what happens is the water pressure is different

  • and so the two propellers get a little out of sync.

  • So instead of going, [mimics propeller noise]

  • it's like, [mimics out-of-sync propeller noise]

  • and you can hear that.

  • And that's what the submarine captain there

  • is listening to.

  • So, the destroyer went over,

  • and now it wants to come back, but it has to turn,

  • and at that point, it's very broad.

  • That's the point of maximum vulnerability.

  • I'm gonna give this an eight out of 10

  • for what World War II

  • submarine-vs-destroyer combat looked like.

  • There's no way! So, you're pushing against the pressure

  • to put an earring pin in there? No.

  • The most realistic thing in this whole scene

  • is the guy underwater drinking beer.

[missile firing]

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美国潜艇司令官评价电影中的14个潜艇场景(US Submarine Commander Rates 14 Submarine Scenes In Movies | How Real Is It?)

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    joey joey 發佈於 2021 年 05 月 26 日
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