situations. Now, this may seem rather basic, but I've actually heard lots of foreigners

現在，這看似是個很基礎的東西，但我實際上已經通過很多外國人

and English learners make mistakes in this area. So make sure to watch this lesson so

和英語學習者在這塊上犯了錯。因此，請務必要看這部影片

you don't make these basic mistakes. Okay?

然後你就不會犯這些基本的錯誤了，好嗎？

So, how do you know what to call someone? Well, it depends on a lot of different factors.

你要如何知道該怎麼稱呼他人呢？這個就需要考慮到很多不同的因素

Let's look at what some of them are first. So, is the situation formal or informal? Are

我們來看看比較優先的那些。先判斷是正式的場合，還是非正式的場合？

you talking to a man or to a woman? Are you speaking to one person or many people? Is

和你對話的是一位男士，還是女士？你是和一個人對話，還是同時和很多人說？

it somebody that you know? In other words, do you know their name or is it somebody unknown?

你是認識的人嗎？換句話說，你知道他們的名字嗎？或者，是不認識的人？

And is it a regular kind of a situation or is it a romantic situation?

還有，是在一般的情況下呢？還是在浪漫的氛圍下？

Now, if it's a romantic situation, that's a whole other lesson, but in general, romantically

如果是在浪漫的氛圍下的話，那就是個完全不同的課程了，但是在一般情況下

you may call someone: "sweetheart", "sweetie", "love", "honey", and so on, "baby", things

比較浪漫的話，你或許會稱呼對方：「甜心」、「小心肝」、「親愛的」之類的，或是像「寶貝」

like that. Okay? That's romantic. In the rest of the lesson, we'll talk about all of the

這類的。到目前可以嗎？那真的很浪漫。在剩下的課程中，我們會說到其他剩下的

other options. Okay?

選擇，好嗎？

So let's start first here. In the first part here at the top, I've marked what you should

那麼，我們從這開始。第一部分在最上方這裡，我已經標示出了

do if you're talking to someone that you know. In other words, you know the name but it could

如果你是和你所認識的人講話，應該要怎麼做。換句話說，你已經知道對方的名字了，但這有可能是

be a formal situation or an informal situation. Let's start with the formal situation.

在正式的場合、或非正式的場合之下。我們從正式場合開始

Now, in some cases, we refer to the... A professional-only a few professionals, not all-we refer to them

在某些情形下，我們談到...一個專業的–只有一些專業人員，並非全部的人

by their title. What does that mean? For example: you may simply call someone: "Doctor. Doctor,

我們由他們的職稱來稱呼他們。什麼意思呢？例如說：你或許會簡單的稱呼某人：「醫生。醫生，

what should I do?" All right? You don't have to necessarily use the name; you can just

我應該怎麼做？」是吧？你不需要一定要稱呼對方的名字，你可以直接以

refer to him as "Doctor", so you're using his or her title. You could also do this for

「醫生」來稱呼他，所以，你正用的是他或她的職稱。你也可以把這個用在

Professor; you don't have to use the last name even though you may know the last name.

教授身上，你不需要用到姓氏，即便你知道對方的姓氏是什麼

Let's say the name is Professor Black, but you don't have to say: "Professor Black",

我們來假設對方的名字是「黑教授」，但你不需要說：「黑教授」

you could just say: "Professor". All right? Or if you're talking to a police officer...

你可以直接只說：「教授」。可以嗎？或者，如果你正和一位警察講話...

All right? And even if you see his badge, or his name, or something like that - you

好的。即使你看到了他的徽章、或他的名字、或像這類的任何東西，

could still just refer to the person, whether it's a man or a woman as: "Officer", and that

你還是可以直接稱呼對方，不關他是男性還是女性為：「警官」，這樣就行了

would do. And it's nice to do that, it's polite to do that, it might actually be rather important

這麼做很好，也很禮貌，這事實上或許對你相當

for you to do that if you're talking to a police officer. Okay? So in some formal situations,

重要，如果你是和一位警員說話。好嗎？所以，在一些正式的情況下，

you can refer to the person by their title. These are probably the most common. All right?

你可以藉由對方的職稱來稱呼對方。這些或許是最常見的。可以嗎？

Other than this, we don't usually refer to people as... By their title. Okay?

除了這個以外，我們通常不會用職稱來稱呼對方。可以嗎？

Now, if you know the name but it's a formal situation, so they're not good friends of

現在，如果你知道對方的名字，但這是在一個正式場合下，因此，他們不是你的好友

yours or something like that, then you use: "Mr." if it's a man with the last name. "Mr.

或之類的，你可以用："Mr."，如果對方是一位男士加上他的姓氏。"Mr.

Jones". If it's a woman and you know that she's married, you can say: "Mrs. Smith".

Jones"。如果是一位女士，你也知道她已經結婚了，你可以說："Mrs. Smith"。

If it's a woman and she's not married or you're not sure if she's married or not, then you

如果是一位女士，然後她還未婚，或是你不確定對方結婚了沒，那麼你可以說：

say: "Ms. Brown". Now, "Ms" is spelt: "M-s", but it's pronounced like: "Miz", "Ms.", "Ms.

"Ms. Brown"。"Ms" 拼作： "M-s"，但它的發音為： "Miz"， "Ms."， "Ms.

Brown". Okay? So if you're going up to someone and you say: "Excuse me, Ms. Brown." Okay?

Brown"，可以嗎？因此，如果你要去向某人說話，你會說：「不好意思，Brown先生」。可以嗎？

Or: "Excuse me, Mrs. Smith", and so on. Formal situations.

或是：「不好意思，Smith女士」，之類的。正式場合下。

If it's an informal situation with a known person, then of course, you can use their

如果是在非正式場合下，和一位熟識的人說話，那麼，當然的，你可以稱呼他們的

first name if in the past you have been told that it's okay to use their first name. So

名字，如果先前你有被對方告知，你可以直接用名字來稱呼他們。所以

if you called Mr. Jones, if you said to Mr. Jones: "Excuse me, Mr. Jones", and he says:

如果你找 Mr. Jones，如果你對 Mr. Jones 說：「不好意思， Jones 先生」，然後他說：

"Oh, that's okay. You can call me 'John'." Then, you can refer to him as John after that.

「喔，沒關係的，你可以叫我 'John'。那麼，你之後就可以用 John 來稱呼他

The same with women's names; Mary or Susan. These are for people who are known to you.

同樣的套用在女士的名字上；Mary 或 Susan。這些是對於你所認識的人們

Okay?

可以嗎？

Now, here at the bottom, this is what you do when you're talking to people who you don't

現在，下面這邊，這是當你在向你不認識的人們說話時，你可以做的

know. In other words, to strangers. Right? So if you're talking to a man in a formal

換句話說，對於對象是陌生人時。對嗎？如果你在和一位男士，在正式的場合之下講話

situation, you would usually say: "Sir". Okay? "Good morning, sir.", "Excuse me, sir." All

你通常都會說："Sir"。對吧？「早安，先生」、「不好意思，這位先生」。是吧？

right? "May I help you, sir?" All right? Especially in customer service kind of positions or if

「先生，請問有什麼是我可以幫忙的嗎？」特別是在客戶服務之類的職位上，或

you work in a hotel - these are very important titles to know.

如果你在飯店工作的話，這些你必須知道的非常重要的頭銜

If it's an informal situation... All right? So this is not going to be in a customer service

如果這是在非正式的場合下...可能就不是發生在客戶服務

or... Situation. This might be on the street, or at a party, or something; very informal.

或...之類的場合。或許是在街上發生，或是在派對上，或某些非常不正式的情況下

You could say: "Hey, mister." Or: "Hey, man.", "Hey, dude.", "Hey, bro." All right? Again,

你可以說： "Hey, mister." 或： "Hey, man."、 "Hey, dude."、 "Hey, bro." 再一次地，

informal to very informal.

非正式中的非正式場合

If you're talking to a woman, we don't really have an informal column for a woman that we

如果你是和一位女士說話，我們並沒有對於我們不認識的女士的，非正式欄位的稱呼

don't know, so it's usually a little bit more on the formal side. If it's informal, you

所以，通常都會以比較接近於正式場合的方式來稱呼。如果在非正式場合下，你

know the person. All right? So if it's a woman and you don't know her name, you could say:

認識對方。好的。所以，如果對方是一位女士，然後你不知道她的名字，你可以說：

"Madam. May I help you, madam?" Or: "Excuse me, ma'am." So "ma'am" is kind of like an...

「夫人，有什麼是我可以協助您的嗎？夫人。」或是：「不好意思，這位夫人。」。所以，"ma'am"是一種像是一種...

Sort of like an abbreviation of "madam". So, "madam" or "ma'am".

性質上像是"madam"的縮寫。因此，"madam" 或是 "ma'am"。

If you're talking to a group of people and they're... Let's say first the group is all

如果你是和一群人說話，然後他們...讓我們假設第一，這群人

men, and if it's a formal situation, you would say: "Gentlemen". Okay? So you're trying to

全都是男的，如果是在正式的情況下，你可以說："Gentlemen"。好嗎？因此，如果你正試圖

get some... The attention of some men, you could say: "Gentlemen. Excuse me, gentlemen."

得到一些...男士們的注意，你可以說：「先生。不好意思，先生。」

If it's a group of women, you could say: "Ladies. Good morning, ladies." Okay? If you're talking

如果是一群女士，你可以說：「女士們。早安，女士們。」可以嗎？如果你正在對話

and you don't know their name. Okay? Once you get to know them, it's a little bit different.

而你不知道他們的名字。好的。一旦你認識他們，這又有些不同了

If you're addressing a crowd and there's going to be men and women there, usually we will

如果你是在向群眾陳述，現場有男士也有女士，我們通常會說：

say: "Ladies and gentlemen. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen." And we do put "ladies"

「各位女士，各位先生。各位女士，各位先生，晚上好。」我們會將「女士」

first. Okay? We don't say: "Good evening, gentlemen and ladies." That's just not a common

放在前面。可以嗎？我們不會說：「各位先生，各位女士，晚上好‧」這不是我們較常用的

expression at all. So make sure you say: "Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to

表達方法。所以，務必確認你說的是：「各位女士，各位先生，晚上好。歡迎

the show." Something like that. All right? Very common expressions and very important

來看表演。」這類的。可以嗎？非常常見的表達方式；也是非常重要、

expressions, very polite expressions to know.

有禮貌的表達方式

In... Again, in an informal situation or a very informal situation, you could refer to

在...再一次的，在非正式場合或非常不正式的場合之下，你可以稱呼

a group of people, men and women as: "Folks. Hey, folks. Let's... Let's be quiet now so

一群人，有男有女為：「大家。嘿，大家。我們...我們現在先安靜一下，

she can start." Okay? Very informal. And gets more informal. "Hey, guys. How are you doing?",

接著她就可以開始了。」好嗎？非常的非正式。在正式一點的話：「嘿，各位。你們好嗎？」、

"Hey, guys. What are you doing? What are you doing here?" Okay? And if you're talking to

「嘿，各位。你們在做什麼呢？你們在這裡做些什麼呢？」好的。如果你是在

your children, this is in a family situation: "Hey, kids. Let's go now." Okay? So that's

和你的小孩說話，這是在一個家庭的場合之下：「嘿，孩子嗎，我們走吧。」可以嗎？這就是

how you're referring to a group of children. All right? You may or may not know them in

你可以稱呼一群小孩們的方式。對吧？在這種情況下，你可能會或不會

that case.

知道他們

So quite a few things to keep in mind. It seems basic. Make sure you know these basic

記住這些東西。這些東西看似基本。確認一下，你都知道了這些基本的東西

things of how to refer to people and it will be a lot easier for you. Okay? If you'd like

關於該如何稱呼人們，對你來說這會變得更加簡單。可以嗎？如果你想

to do some practice on this, please go to our website: www.engvid.com. You can also

做些練習，請到我們的網站：www.engvid.com 。你也可以

subscribe to my YouTube channel for more lessons in basic or advanced English. Thanks very

訂閱我們 YouTube 頻道，以獲得更多基礎或進階美語的課程。非常感謝

much for watching. Bye for now.

你的收看。現在先說再見囉！