And this is a Jackson pollock or at least it looks like one, but it's actually a fake here is how they figured it out.

這是一隻傑克遜-波洛克，或者至少看起來像，但它實際上是一個假貨，這裡是他們如何發現的。

Today.

今天。

We will perform all the steps necessary to determine its authorship.

我們將執行所有必要的步驟，以確定其作者身份。

Jackson Pollock was an American painter that painted from the early 20s to the 1950s.

傑克遜-波洛克是一位美國畫家，從20年代初到50年代一直在繪畫。

He's best known by the drift for poor paintings that he did from 1947 till the time of his death in 1956.

他最出名的是他從1947年到1956年去世時所作的窮困潦倒的畫作的漂流。

Pollock's paintings are considered his best period.

波洛克的繪畫被認為是他最好的時期。

So good sized, well preserved Jackson Pollock, you can go for over $100 million.

那麼好的尺寸，保存完好的傑克遜-波洛克，你可以賣到1億美元以上。

There's a lot of claims of Jackson Pollock drip paintings and our laboratory was able to identify over 100 fakes.

有很多關於傑克遜-波洛克滴水畫的說法，我們的實驗室能夠識別出100多個假貨。

So we can say that we found more fakes.

所以我們可以說，我們發現了更多的假貨。

Then there are authentic Jackson paul is all there.

然後有正宗的傑克遜-保羅都在那裡。

We received this painting by clients that chose to remain anonymous.

我們收到了選擇匿名的客戶的這幅畫。

We're going to call him Sidney.

我們要叫他西德尼。

The first step when we receive a painting, we're trying to establish something called the Province.

當我們收到一幅畫的時候，第一步是要建立一個叫做省的東西。

Providence is a change of ownership and custody of an artwork from the contemporary ownership.

普羅維登斯是指藝術品的所有權和保管權從當代的所有權上發生了變化。

All the way back to this manufacturing, where the painting came from.

一直到這個製造業，也就是這幅畫的來源地。

What is the story behind it?

這背後有什麼故事？

Is there anything that shows the history of this artwork?

有什麼東西可以顯示這個藝術品的歷史嗎？

Mhm.

嗯。

So, this is one of the most fascinating documents that I've ever seen.

是以，這是我見過的最迷人的文件之一。

This is a document to explain why Sydney should have a Jackson Pollock most marjorie's there are not as much forgeries of confidence.

這是一份文件，以解釋為什麼雪梨應該有一個傑克遜-波洛克最marjorie的有沒有那麼多偽造的信心。

The forgeries of documentation.

文件的偽造。

This is problematic in all these different ways.

這在所有這些不同方面都是有問題的。

The facts has no number dr Armand Herskovits cannot be referenced.

事實沒有編號，Armand Herskovits博士不能被引用。

There's no record of a tear gallery in Dover New Jersey.

在新澤西州的多佛市，沒有關於淚痕畫廊的記錄。

Then he says he acquired this painting in 1955 after Pollock died, but he didn't die until 1956.

然後他說他在1955年波洛克死後獲得這幅畫，但他直到1956年才去世。

So, for all these reasons, this is an incredibly unreliable and deceitful document.

是以，由於所有這些原因，這是一份極其不可靠和欺騙性的文件。

The next step will be we try to find a match for the artwork.

下一步將是我們嘗試為藝術品找到一個匹配的作品。

Jackson Pollock paintings are specifically hard to look for matches because the nature of the image, most of the sources are imprinted material and the catalog resonate, which is the comprehensive catalog of works for a given artist.

傑克遜-波洛克的畫作特別難以尋找匹配，因為影像的性質，大多數來源是印記材料和目錄的共鳴，這是一個特定藝術家的作品的綜合目錄。

This painting has no match.

這幅畫沒有匹配的。

The next step is close up visual analysis.

下一步是近距離的視覺分析。

Yeah.

是的。

So we're looking close to the painting to try to find anachronistic materials and techniques something that would be uncharacteristic from a given outer or a given time.

是以，我們正在接近繪畫，試圖找到不合時宜的材料和技術，這些材料和技術在特定的外部或特定的時間內是沒有特徵的。

It's a very, very thin layer.

這是一個非常、非常薄的層。

Yeah.

是的。

Look at how many, how many colours I count that aren't in the drip layers.

看看有多少，我數了一下，有多少顏色不在滴水層裡。

It's very hard to prove there is something is, but it's easier to find things that are out of place, things that should not be there.

要證明有什麼東西是很難的，但要找到不合適的東西，不應該存在的東西就比較容易。

Look at these underlying colors.

看看這些基本的顏色。

We got a yellow green and neither of them appear in the drip patterns that's done with a brush.

我們得到了一個黃綠色，而且都沒有出現在用刷子做的滴水圖案中。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

It's rather strange because when Pollock starts in the port painting, he really doesn't brush much anymore.

這相當奇怪，因為當波洛克開始在港口作畫時，他真的不怎麼刷了。

So there's no signature here.

所以這裡沒有簽名。

A lot of the work's going into the market in very controversial ways are not signed.

很多以非常有爭議的方式進入市場的作品都沒有簽名。

And we suspect that someone is trying to mitigate whatever legal repercussions trying to imply that unsigned work is not a forgery per se.

我們懷疑有人試圖減輕任何法律後果，試圖暗示沒有簽名的作品本身不是偽造的。

As you say, it's a next level to take the step to sign our work.

正如你所說的，採取步驟簽署我們的工作是一個新的水準。

You see here Thiago, I got two holes right here, just that distance and they're repetitive.

你看，蒂亞戈，我這裡有兩個洞，就在這個距離，而且是重複的。

You have a series of smaller holes and that indicates that this canvas was a certain point staple And staple canvases will not be a thing.

你有一連串的小孔，這說明這塊帆布是某一個點的訂書機 而訂書機的帆布將不是一個東西。

or 1956 something.

或1956年的東西。

Did you dirty?

你弄髒了嗎？

Yeah.

是的。

That's like a nasty it's being aged to a series of processes to look older.

這就像一個討厭的人它正在被老化到一系列的過程中，看起來更老。

Like they spilled something on this through carelessness or not carelessness.

就像他們因為粗心或不粗心而把東西灑在這上面。

You can see by the marks on the back, how it was dabbed with a tea bag.

你可以從背面的痕跡看出，它是如何用茶袋點的。

And if you actually completely close and smell it, you can smell?

而如果你真的完全靠近並聞到它，你能聞到？

T still, the surface is being sprayed with nicotine to emulate ages of exposure to smoking.

T仍然，表面被噴上尼古丁，以模擬接觸吸菸的年齡。

But the canvas is actually really good state of conservation.

但畫布的保存狀態其實真的很好。

It hasn't really shredded the way the canvas starts to unravel at its edges over time.

它還沒有像畫布那樣隨著時間的推移在邊緣處開始碎裂。

There's like some punctual damage.

有像一些準時的損害。

There is here.

這裡有。

Yeah.

是的。

You should be like all over like this.

你應該像這樣全身而退。

Thanks.

謝謝。

Mhm.

嗯。

Then the next step will be photography.

然後，下一步將是攝影。

So we want to see if there's any under drawings or sketches under the paint.

所以我們想看看油漆下是否有任何底圖或草圖。

You never know sometimes the campus was reused.

你永遠不知道有時校園被重新使用。

Did you see that?

你看到了嗎？

That squared green there?

那裡的方形綠色？

Yes.

是的。

In this case, instead of finding under drawing?

在這種情況下，與其說是找到了畫下？

Actually, we found that this canvas was reused from a prior picture that had very regular geometric shape, which is very young characteristic from Pollock as well.

實際上，我們發現這塊畫布是從之前的一幅畫上重新使用的，這幅畫有非常規則的幾何形狀，這也是波洛克非常年輕的特點。

Now we get out the UV light.

現在我們拿出紫外線燈。

If you're going to analyze the material aspects of the artwork, we want to be sure that we're looking at relevant parts of it.

如果你要分析藝術品的材料方面，我們要確保我們在看它的相關部分。

So we've examined it with ultraviolet light to try to look at the original parts of the pain.

是以，我們用紫外線檢查了它，試圖看看疼痛的原始部分。

Normally all the restorations would show up, but none of the restorations show up any different as if the thing was done all at the same time.

通常情況下，所有的修復都會顯示出來，但沒有一個修復顯示出任何不同，就好像這件事是在同一時間完成的。

See look here this cut, there is a big patch on the back and this ripping is held together by a patch and its gluing it together.

看這裡這個切口，後面有一個大的補丁，這個撕裂的地方被一個補丁固定在一起，它把它粘在一起。

You see there's too little canvas threads are actually loose and the restoration was made in a completely substandard way and it doesn't seem to be fulfilling the purpose of a proper conservation.

你看帆布太少了線頭其實是鬆動的，而且修復的方式完全不合格，似乎沒有達到正確保護的目的。

The X ray fluorescence spectrometer, that's the next step.

X射線熒光光譜儀，這是下一步的工作。

Yeah, yeah.

是的，是的。

This handy device that looks kind of like a star trek phaser is really outstanding tool in the field of art forensics.

這個看起來有點像星際迷航相位器的便捷設備，確實是藝術鑑證領域的傑出工具。

I'm actually emitting a small amount of X rays onto the surface of the painting.

我實際上是把少量的X射線發射到畫的表面。

It's exciting the electrons in the pigments there and that allows this to identify what elements are present.

它正在激發那裡的顏料中的電子，這使得它能夠識別哪些元素的存在。

It shows that we have titanium on it, which natural from titanium dioxide white pigment.

它顯示，我們在上面有鈦，這自然來自二氧化鈦的白色顏料。

It's a very common material from 19 thirties.

這是19世紀30年代的一種非常常見的材料。

For a lot of our cases, titanium is the determining factor and it is tripped up more forgers than any other element.

在我們的很多案件中，鈦是決定性因素，它比任何其他元素都更能絆倒偽造者。

So if this were purporting to be a painting by digga and we found the titanium immediately, we would no no way in this case.

是以，如果這是聲稱是迪加的畫作，並且我們立即找到了鈦，那麼在這種情況下我們就沒有辦法了。

However, by the time Pollock is working, titanium is widely available white.

然而，到了波洛克工作的時候，鈦是廣泛存在的白色。

So to find it in Pollock's work is not surprising.

是以，在波洛克的作品中發現它並不令人驚訝。

In fact it's well documented that his works do contain titanium.

事實上，有資料顯示，他的作品確實含有鈦。

Titanium.

鈦合金。

White was already available in the 19 fifties from that, we'll move on to microscopy.

白色在19世紀50年代就已經有了，從這一點來看，我們將繼續進行顯微鏡的研究。

So Thiago is going to be taking tiny nondestructive fragmentary samples of different bits of paint.

是以，蒂亞戈將對不同的油漆碎片進行微小的非破壞性取樣。

This process is mostly used for organic materials with those.

這個過程主要用於有機材料與那些。

We would then be able to test both the pigment and the binder we're looking for.

這樣我們就能同時測試我們所尋找的顏料和粘合劑。

What is the kind of paint used.

使用的是什麼種類的油漆。

We try to take a few samples from each color and then we use the Rama spectrometer, we put in a microscope slide and we shine a laser over it and then this laser bounces back inside the machine in a slightly different color from the regional colloquialism that can tell us an idea of what we're looking at.

我們嘗試從每種顏色中提取一些樣本，然後使用拉瑪光譜儀，我們把顯微鏡幻燈片放進去，用脈衝光照射它，然後這個脈衝光在機器內反彈出與地區俗語略有不同的顏色，可以告訴我們正在看的東西。

And we found mostly acrylics.

而我們找到的大多是丙烯類。

Although the binder known as acrylics did exist at the time.

儘管當時確實存在被稱為丙烯酸的粘合劑。

Pollock was a lot In this one.

波洛克是很多 在這個。

The specific variant of acrylic did not exist.

丙烯酸的具體變體並不存在。

It only started being manufactured in the 1960s for more than 100 years.

它在20世紀60年代才開始生產，已有100多年的歷史。

Scientists have just been looking at tiny fragments of paintings under microscopes and this allows us to really make a visual identification based in metals and uh tiny fragments of mineralogy.

科學家們剛剛在顯微鏡下觀察了繪畫的微小碎片，這使我們能夠真正根據金屬和呃礦物學的微小碎片進行視覺識別。

So there are studies uh regarding inject some public paintings that describe the type of the breeze found in his paintings.

是以，有研究呃關於注入一些公共繪畫，描述在他的繪畫中發現的微風的類型。

Look at that either somebody dropped us in a mud puddle or they directly applied this stuff.

你看，要麼有人把我們丟在泥潭裡，要麼他們直接用這東西。

And there is a specific type of sedimentary rock and us that he would spread on his work.

而有一種特定類型的沉積岩和我們，他將在他的工作上傳播。

I think it's a piece of insulation.

我想這是一塊絕緣材料。

That's what I'm saying.

這就是我所說的。

I don't you can you tell what that is?

我不知道你能告訴我這是什麼嗎？

But on this case we analyze the debris grease and dust embedded on the painting and it seems to be the breeze from drywall, which is inconsistent with other Pollocks works conclusion.

但在這個案例中，我們分析了嵌在畫上的碎片油脂和灰塵，它似乎是來自幹牆的微風，這與波洛克的其他作品的結論不一致。

A Jackson Pollock, the technique per se.

一個傑克遜-波洛克，這個技術本身。

That is not much of a misery.

這並不是什麼苦難。

So it is our opinion that this would not qualify as a Jackson Pollock painting.

是以，我們認為，這不符合傑克遜-波洛克畫作的要求。

As I say, if the deal is too good, there's something wrong.

正如我所說，如果交易太好，那就有問題了。