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Hello. This is 6 Minute
你好。這裡是6分鐘
English from BBC Learning
BBC學習的英語
English. I'm Neil.
英語。我是尼爾。
And I'm Rob.
而我是羅伯。
Do you enjoy your own
你是否喜歡自己的
company, Rob? Do you like
公司,羅伯?你是否喜歡
being alone? Or do you
孤獨?或者你是否
prefer spending time
更喜歡花時間
with friends?
和朋友一起?
Well, recently I haven't
嗯,最近我還沒有
seen my friends much
經常看到我的朋友
because of coronavirus - in
因為冠狀病毒--在
fact, I've hardly seen
事實上,我幾乎沒有看到
anyone this past year!
在過去的一年裡,任何人都是如此
It sounds like Rob has
聽起來,羅布已經
become a bit of a hermit -
變得有點像個隱士
someone who lives alone
獨居者
and apart from society.
並與社會分離。
Yes, I've been forced to
是的,我已經被迫
spend time alone - but it
花時間獨處 - 但它
wouldn't be my choice.
不會是我的選擇。
I'd much rather be
我更願意成為
socialising and visiting friends.
社交和拜訪朋友。
If, like Rob, the idea of
如果像Rob一樣,對
being alone does not
孤獨並不
appeal to you, it might
對你有吸引力,它可能
be hard to understand
難懂
why anyone would
為什麼有人會
choose to be a hermit.
選擇做一個隱士。
But some people do - and
但有些人確實如此--而且
in this programme we'll
在這個節目中,我們將
be hearing some of
將會聽到一些
the reasons why.
的原因。
Throughout history and
縱觀歷史和
across all cultures, there
在所有文化中,有
have been people who
一直以來,人們都在
choose to leave behind
選擇留下
the life and people the
的生活和人民。
know to live in isolation
知足常樂
and silence.
和沉默。
People like Christopher
像克里斯托弗這樣的人
Wright - an American man
賴特--一個美國人
who lived in complete isolation
生活在完全隔離狀態的人
in the forests of Maine for
在緬因州的森林中,為
nearly 30 years! When
近30年了!當
hikers discovered his tent
驢友們發現了他的帳篷
all they found was
他們所發現的都是
an alarm clock. So my
一個鬧鐘。所以我的
quiz question is this:
測驗問題是這樣的。
why did Christopher Wright,
為什麼克里斯托弗-賴特。
the hermit of the Maine
緬因州的隱士
woods, need an
樹林,需要一個
alarm clock? Was it:
鬧鐘?是的。
a) to remind him when
a) 提醒他何時
to hide his tent?, b) to
來隱藏他的帳篷,b)來
frighten away wild animals?,
嚇跑野生動物?
or c) to wake him up at
或c)喚醒他在
the coldest part of the
最冷的地方
night so he didn't
晚上,所以他沒有
freeze to death?
凍死了?
Well, if he wanted to
好吧,如果他想
be alone so much I
獨自一人,所以我
guess he needed to
我想他需要
be invisible, so I'll
不見了,所以我就
say a) to remind
說:"提醒
him to hide his tent.
他要把帳篷藏起來。
OK, Rob, we'll find out
好的,羅伯,我們會發現的
the answer later.
答案稍後揭曉。
Christopher Wright
Christopher Wright
may be an extreme
可能是一個極端
example of someone
某人的例子
seeking solitude, but
尋求孤獨,但
there are many other
還有許多其他
motivations for
的動機
becoming a hermit.
成為一個隱士。
Some people are
有些人是
looking for peace and
尋找和平和
silence, and for others
沉默,而對於其他人
it's about being closer
這是關於更接近
to God, focusing on
對上帝,專注於
what's inside and
裡面有什麼和
finding a sense of joy.
找到一種快樂的感覺。
Meng Hu is a former
孟虎是一名前
librarian who now runs
現在運行的圖書館員
a website all about
一個有關的網站
hermits. He says that
隱士。他說
in ancient times, many
在古代,許多
Chinese hermits seeking
中國的隱士們在尋找
solitude were followers of
孤獨的信徒們
the philosopher, Confucius.
哲學家,孔子。
Here's Meng Hu talking
下面是孟虎的談話
about Confucius to BBC
向BBC介紹孔子
World Service programme,
世界服務方案。
The Why Factor:
為什麼的因素。
His dictum was
他的口號是
something like, 'When
諸如:"當
the Emperor is good,
皇帝是好的。
serve. When the
發球。當
Emperor is evil, recluse'.
皇帝是邪惡的,遁世者'。
And so over a
是以,在一個
thousand years at least
至少千年來
there were a lot of
有很多的
recluses, a lot of
隱居者,很多
educated men who
受過教育的人,他們
simply couldn't
根本不可能
tolerate any more
再也無法忍受
evil - they simply
邪惡--他們只是
dropped out and
輟學和
they would migrate
他們會遷徙
to small villages,
到小村莊。
to farms.
到農場。
Meng Hu mentions
孟虎提到
Confucius's dictum. A
孔子的箴言。A
dictum is a short
箴言是一個簡短的
statement or saying
聲明或說法
which expresses some
其中表達了一些
wise advice or a
明智的建議或一個
general truth about life.
關於生活的一般真理。
Confucius's dictum
孔子的箴言
advised that when
建議當
the Emperor was evil,
皇帝是邪惡的。
people should become
人們應該成為
recluses - people, like
隱士--人,如
hermits, who live alone
隱士,獨居者
and avoid contact
並避免接觸
with others.
與其他人。
In the interview,
在採訪中。
Meng Hu uses 'recluse'
孟虎用 "隱居 "一詞
as a verb - to recluse -
作為動詞--隱居--的意思
but this is very
但這是非常
uncommon. A more
不常見的。一個更
modern way of saying
現代說法
this is, to drop out -
這就是,輟學 --
to reject the normal
來拒絕正常的
ways society works
社會運作方式
and live outside
並住在外面
the system.
該系統。
A bit like the hippies
有點像嬉皮士
in the 1960s, you mean?
在1960年代,你是說?
Right. Although most
對。雖然大多數
hippies weren't looking
嬉皮士不看
for isolation, they did
隔離,他們做到了
have something in
有東西在
common with hermits -
與隱士共同的 -
the desire to challenge
挑戰的慾望
society's rules
社會的規則
and conventions.
和公約。
Someone who
某個人
combines the hippie
結合了嬉皮士的
and the hermit is
和隱士是
Catholic writer, Sara
天主教作家,薩拉
Maitland. Part of a
麥特蘭。屬於一個
long tradition of
悠久的傳統
Christian hermits, Sara
基督教隱士, 薩拉
spent forty days and
花了四十天和
nights alone on the Isle
獨自在島上的夜晚
of Skye, seeking God in
在斯凱島尋求上帝
the silence of the
寂靜的
remote Scottish island.
遙遠的蘇格蘭島。
For her, the magic of
對她來說,神奇的
silence is something to
沉默是一種東西
be embraced and
被接受和
taught to children.
教給孩子們。
Here she explains
在此,她解釋說
more to BBC World
更多關於BBC世界的資訊
Service's, The Why Factor:
服務","為什麼因素"。
Most people first
大多數人首先
encounter silence in
遭遇沉默
bereavement, in
喪親之痛,在
relationship breakdown
關係破裂
and in death and that
而在死亡和那
seems to be about
似乎是關於
the worst place to
最差的地方
start. People say,
開始。人們說。
'But what should we do?'
'但我們應該怎麼做?
Never, ever use 'Go to
永遠不要使用 "轉到
your room on your own'
你的房間在你自己的''
as a punishment. You
作為一種懲罰。你
use it as a reward -
把它作為一種獎勵 --
'Darling, you've been
'親愛的,你已經
so good all day, you've
整天都那麼好,你已經
been so helpful,
是如此有幫助。
why don't you go
你為什麼不走
to your room for half
在你的房間裡,有一半的
an hour now and
一個小時了,而且
be on your own?'
是自己的嗎?
A treat! A reward!
犒賞!獎勵!
Sara says that
薩拉說
most people experience
大多數人的經歷
silence after a
沉默之後
bereavement - the
death of a relative
親屬死亡
or close friend.
或親密的朋友。
She also thinks
她還認為
that parents should
父母應該
never tell their children,
永遠不要告訴他們的孩子。
'Go to your room!' as
'回你的房間去!'因為
a punishment. Instead,
是一種懲罰。相反。
being alone should be
孤獨應該是
a treat - a reward or
犒賞 - 獎勵或
gift of something special
特別的禮物
and enjoyable. That way,
而且令人愉快。這樣一來。
children learn that
孩子們知道,
being alone can
孤獨可以
actually be enjoyable.
實際上是一種享受。
I'm still wondering
我還在想
about that American,
關於那個美國人。
Christopher Wright - I
克里斯托弗-賴特 - I
suppose living alone
假設獨自生活
in the woods was
樹林裡的人是
a treat for him...
對他來說是一種享受...
I suppose so - but
我想是的--但
why did he need
他為什麼需要
an alarm clock?
鬧鐘?
Ah yes, your quiz
啊,是的,你的測驗
question, Neil. I
問題,尼爾。I
thought maybe it
想著也許它
was to remind him
是為了提醒他
to hide his tent.
來隱藏他的帳篷。
Was I right?
我說的對嗎?
Well incredibly,
好得令人難以置信。
Rob, the answer
羅布,答案是
was c) to wake him
是c)喚醒他
up at the coldest
在最冷的時候起來
part of the night
夜裡的一部分
so he didn't
所以他沒有
freeze to death!
凍死了!
That's someone
那是一個人
who really wants to
誰真正想
be left alone! A
孤注一擲!A
hermit in other
隱士在其他
words, or a recluse -
two ways of
兩種方式
describing people
描述人
who live alone
獨自生活的人
and avoid others.
並避免其他。
OK, let's recap the
好吧,讓我們回顧一下
rest of the vocabulary,
其餘的詞彙。
starting with dictum -
從口令開始 -
a short saying often
常說的一句話是:常說的一句話是:常說的一句話是:常說的一句話
giving wise advice or
睿智的建議或
expressing a general
表達了一種普遍的
truth about life.
關於生命的真相。
People who
的人,他們
drop out reject
輟學拒絕
the normal rules
正常的規則
of society and live
的社會和生活
outside the system.
在系統外。
Many people
許多人
experience solitude
體驗獨處
after a bereavement -
喪親後 -
the death of a close
親人去世
friend or relative.
朋友或親戚。
And finally a
最後還有一個
treat is reward
犒賞就是獎勵
or gift of something
或贈送的東西
special and enjoyable.
特別的和令人愉快的。
That's all for now,
暫時就這些了。
but whether you're
但無論你是
listening alone or
獨自聆聽或
with others, we
與他人一起,我們
hope you'll join us
希望你能加入我們
again soon, here at
很快就會再次出現在這裡,在
6 Minute English.
6分鐘英語。
Don't forget - you'll
不要忘記--你會
find us on our
在我們的網站上找到我們
website or you can
網站,或者你可以
download our free app,
下載我們的免費應用程序。
so you won't miss
這樣你就不會錯過
any of our programmes.
我們的任何方案。
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而我們在
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所有主要
social media sites.
社交媒體網站。
Bye bye!
再見!
Bye for now!
暫時再見