I'm Adam.

我是亞當。

In today's video, I want to talk to you about social media.

在今天的視頻中，我想和你談談社交媒體。

Now, all of you are, I'm sure, are aware of social media.

現在，我相信你們所有人都知道社交媒體。

There're the big companies like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.

有像Facebook、Instagram、Twitter等大公司。

Social media has basically taken over almost everyday life for a lot people, so today I

社交媒體基本上已經佔據了很多人的日常生活，所以今天我

want to give you some vocabulary that you might need in order to be able to talk about

想給你一些你可能需要的詞彙，以便能夠談論

social media or understand people who are speaking about social media.

社交媒體或瞭解正在談論社交媒體的人。

So, the first things I want to look at are - I want to look at a couple of pronunciation

所以，我想看的第一件事是--我想看幾個發音的情況

issues, and I want to look at people, people you need to know who are on social media and

我想看看那些人，那些你需要了解的人，他們在社交媒體上和

who affect everyday social media use.

影響日常社交媒體使用的人。

So, the first thing I want to talk about is Twitter and tweeter, okay?

所以，我想談的第一件事是Twitter和tweeter，好嗎？

Twitter is a big company that you can send, you can post short messages and photos and

Twitter是一個大公司，你可以發送，你可以發佈短信息和照片，並

videos, etc.

視頻，等等。

And when you send out anything on Twitter, that's the company name, so Twitter is the

而當你在Twitter上發送任何東西時，那就是公司名稱，所以Twitter是

company, and a tweet is the message or the picture or video that you send out.

公司，而推特是你發出的資訊或圖片或視頻。

And a person who uses Twitter is called a tweeter, okay?

而使用Twitter的人被稱為tweeter，好嗎？

Someone who tweets.

一個會發推文的人。

So, it - ee.

所以，它--咿。

A very slight difference, but it's important to understand.

一個非常微小的區別，但理解這一點很重要。

If someone is talking about a tweeter they're talking about a person.

如果有人在談論一個推手，他們就是在談論一個人。

Anyone who makes videos on YouTube is a youtuber.

任何在YouTube上製作視頻的人都是Youtuber。

Now, generally speaking, when we talk about youtubers, we're talking about someone with

現在，一般來說，當我們談論優酷網時，我們談論的是一個有

a following, someone who has a lot of subscribers, or a lot of followers, a lot of people watching

一個追隨者，一個有很多訂閱者的人，或者有很多追隨者的人，很多人在看。

their videos.

他們的視頻。

Right now, there are about - there's millions of people making YouTube videos, you can't

現在，有大約--有數百萬人在製作YouTube視頻，你不能

call all of them youtubers.

把他們都稱為優酷網友。

The ones who are a bit more well known are youtubers.

知名度高一點的是優酷網的人。

So, I'm a youtuber, let's put it this way.

所以，我是一個Youtuber，讓我們這樣說吧。

And all the other EngVid teachers are youtubers.

而其他的EngVid老師都是優酷網友。

Now, someone on YouTube or Instagram or Facebook or any social media platform, and it's very

現在，有人在YouTube或Instagram或Facebook或任何社交媒體平臺上，而且非常

important to know this - all these social media sites are platforms where people can

重要的是要知道這一點--所有這些社交媒體網站都是平臺，人們可以在其中

engage each other.

互相接觸。

So, a person on a social media platform who is very, very popular and many people following

所以，一個人在社交媒體平臺上非常非常受歡迎，很多人關注

and many subscribers, we call this person an influencer, okay?

和許多訂戶，我們把這個人稱為影響者，好嗎？

Some people say "YouTube star", star, okay, so maybe very popular, but the more important

有些人說 "YouTube明星"，明星，好的，所以也許很受歡迎，但更重要的是

word is influencer, because this person has the power to influence a lot of people.

這個詞是影響者，因為這個人有能力影響很多人。

So, advertisers and, like, a lot of big companies, they try to get in touch with these influencers

是以，廣告商和很多大公司，他們試圖與這些有影響力的人取得聯繫

to help them promote a product or sell a product or an event or information, etc.

以幫助他們推廣產品或銷售產品或活動或資訊，等等。

So, influencer.

所以，影響者。

So next, we have trolls and haters, okay.

所以接下來，我們有巨魔和仇恨者，好吧。

Very similar but subtle difference between the two.

兩者之間非常相似，但有細微差別。

A hater is just like the word says, a person who hates.

憎恨者就像這個詞說的那樣，是一個憎恨的人。

So, there are people who go online and they look through social media sites and look at

是以，有些人上網，他們通過社交媒體網站查看，看看

posts and pictures and whatever, and they just put something negative.

帖子和圖片什麼的，他們只是把一些負面的東西。

They put some sort of bad comment - "I hate you.", "You look ugly.", "You're stupid.",

他們放一些不好的評論--"我討厭你。"，"你看起來很醜。"，"你很愚蠢。"。

"You're this and that".

"你是這個和那個"。

These people have absolutely nothing else to do, okay?

這些人完全沒有其他事情可做，好嗎？

They're sitting at home, they're bored and - "What should I do?

他們坐在家裡，他們很無聊，而且--"我應該做什麼？

Ah okay, let me write some bad things to this person".

啊，好吧，讓我給這個人寫一些壞話"。

Why?

為什麼？

Because it's anonymous.

因為它是匿名的。

What does anonymous mean?

匿名是什麼意思？

It means nobody knows the identity of this person.

這意味著沒有人知道這個人的身份。

So, a hater is basically somebody with nothing to do, who is bored, gets online, and writes

是以，仇視者基本上是一些無事可做的人，他們感到無聊，上網，並寫道

bad things.

壞事。

The best thing to do with haters is ignore them.

對待討厭的人最好的辦法是忽略他們。

If you're putting things on the internet, if you're posting things on your Facebook

如果你把東西放在互聯網上，如果你在你的Facebook上發佈東西

page, on your Instagram page, on your Twitter page, whatever, and somebody comes and says

在你的Instagram頁面上，在你的Twitter頁面上，不管怎樣，有人來了，說

something negative, let it go.

負面的東西，就讓它過去吧。

Just move on.

繼續前進吧。

It doesn't matter.

這並不重要。

Don't worry about what this person says.

不要擔心這個人說什麼。

Even this person doesn't care about what he or she is saying.

甚至這個人也不關心他或她在說什麼。

But then you have a troll.

但是，你有一個巨魔。

Now, a troll is generally similar to a hater, will usually come and write something negative,

現在，巨魔一般類似於仇恨者，通常會來寫一些負面的東西。

the difference is that the hater, once he or she has written something, they just forget

不同的是，仇恨者一旦寫了東西，他們就會忘記。

about it.

關於它。

A troll is trying to get a reaction, which - this makes a troll a lot more dangerous,

巨魔正試圖獲得反應，這--這使巨魔變得更加危險。

okay?

好嗎？

A troll will come and say something that he or she knows will annoy you or irritate you

巨魔會過來說一些他或她知道會惹惱你或激怒你的話

or make you angry or make you sad, but he or she is hoping that you write something

或讓你生氣或讓你傷心，但他或她希望你寫的東西

back, because then they can write something bad again, and they want this exchange.

回來，因為這樣他們又可以寫一些不好的東西，他們希望有這樣的交流。

Again, the best thing to do: ignore the trolls.

還是那句話，最好的辦法是：無視那些巨魔。

And you'll hear if you listen to the news or you read newspapers, you hear about "trolling",

如果你聽新聞或讀報紙，你會聽到關於 "拖釣 "的消息。

this is the action of what a troll does, you'll hear about people trolling each other, famous

這就是巨魔的行動，你會聽到人們互相嘲弄，著名的

people trolling each other.

人們互相扯皮。

They're acting like little children.

他們表現得像小孩子。

Ignore them, ignore the trolls on your site, move on.

不理會他們，不理會你網站上的巨魔，繼續前進。

Both of these people are considered cyberbullies.

這兩種人都被認為是網絡暴力者。

Cyberbullying is a very, very serious social phenomenon.

網絡欺凌是一個非常、非常嚴重的社會現象。

Very dangerous; it's making a lot of people angry, it's increasing the suicide rate in

非常危險；它讓很多人感到憤怒，它增加了中國的自殺率。

many cities and many countries.

許多城市和許多國家。

It's very dangerous but also very difficult to fight because of the anonymity, because

這是非常危險的，但也是非常難打的，因為是匿名的，因為

these people are anonymous, so in many cases you don't know who is doing it.

這些人是匿名的，所以在很多情況下你不知道是誰在做。

You have a lot of, especially teenagers, who are doing bad things to themselves because

你有很多人，特別是青少年，他們對自己做壞事，因為

of cyberbullying.

的網絡欺凌。

If you see it, do something.

如果你看到它，就做一些事情。

Act against it, write against it, try to stop it, but ignore it.

採取行動反對它，寫信反對它，試圖阻止它，但不理會它。

That's the main thing if it happens to you, ignore it, move on.

這是最主要的，如果它發生在你身上，不要理會它，繼續前進。

Now, again, if you're on social media and you have a lot of people who come and visit

現在，再次強調，如果你在社交媒體上，有很多人前來訪問

your page or your site or whatever, these are called followers.

你的頁面或你的網站或其他，這些被稱為追隨者。

They're essentially your fans.

他們本質上是你的粉絲。

And when we talk about all of your fans or all of a person's fans, that is called the

而當我們談論你的所有粉絲或一個人的所有粉絲時，這被稱為

fanbase.

粉絲群。

These are all the people who are following you, who are fans of your content, okay?

這些都是關注你的人，他們是你內容的粉絲，好嗎？

And that's what social media is all about, it's about content.

而這正是社交媒體的全部內容，它是關於內容的。

It's about articles, it's about vlogs and blogs, etc., about things that people put

這是關於文章，這是關於vlogs和博客等，關於人們把的事情。

online to share with other people.

在線與其他人分享。

I'll talk more about that as well.

我也會多談談這個問題。

Now, a very cool part of social media is something called a flash mob.

現在，社交媒體的一個非常酷的部分是叫做快閃族的東西。

It used to be very, very popular a few years ago but it still happens every now and again.

幾年前，它曾經非常非常流行，但現在仍然時有發生。

A flash mob happens when somebody puts on their social media feed, their social media

當有人把他們的社交媒體上的資訊，他們的社交媒體上的資訊，發生快閃族。

page, that they want people to come to a specific location at a specific time and wait for a

他們希望人們在一個特定的時間來到一個特定的地點，並等待著一個新的機會。

signal.

信號。

And when that signal happens, everybody who got this message will get together and start

而當這個信號發生時，所有收到這個資訊的人都會聚在一起，開始

doing a dance, okay.

做一個舞蹈，好的。

They've practiced this, it was all shared through social media, they know the song,

他們已經練習過了，這都是通過社交媒體分享的，他們知道這首歌。

they know the steps, they know where everybody should be, and these are all strangers who

他們知道步驟，他們知道每個人都應該在哪裡，而這些人都是陌生人，他們都不知道該怎麼做。

got together to have fun and it's actually a very interesting and very cool sight, okay.

聚在一起玩耍，這實際上是一個非常有趣和非常酷的景象，好吧。

So - there's good and bad to the social media thing, but we'll get more about that.

所以--社交媒體的事情有好有壞，但我們會得到更多關於這方面的資訊。

Now, you can often hear about social media campaigns.

現在，你可以經常聽到關於社會媒體活動。

Now, what is a campaign?

現在，什麼是運動？

A campaign is an effort to do something, to achieve something.

競選活動是為了做某事，為了實現某事而做出的努力。

So, you'll have a lot of campaigns like educational campaigns, ad campaigns, where they're pushing

是以，你會有很多活動，如教育活動、廣告活動，他們在其中推動

a certain piece of information to get people to buy something, to act on something, to

某一資訊，以使人們購買某物，對某物採取行動，以

go somewhere, take some action, etc.

去某個地方，採取一些行動，等等。

But a very interesting and becoming more and more popular campaign is called crowdfunding.

但是，一個非常有趣而且越來越受歡迎的活動叫做眾籌。

So, there's a site or there're applications called Kickstarter or GoFundMe, where people

是以，有一個網站或有一些應用程序叫Kickstarter或GoFundMe，人們在那裡

have a very good idea and they need money to make this idea come alive, so they create

有一個非常好的想法，他們需要錢來實現這個想法，所以他們創造了

a crowdfunding page, they create a crowdfunding campaign, and people from all over the world

一個眾籌頁面，他們創建了一個眾籌活動，而來自世界各地的人們

send them a little bit of money, and they collect all this money, sometimes it can be

給他們送一點錢，他們就收集所有這些錢，有時可能是

very huge quantities, and they take this money and they can pursue their product.

非常巨大的數量，他們拿著這些錢，他們可以追求他們的產品。

Now, some people start companies, some people invent a new machine, new technology, etc.,

現在，有些人開公司，有些人發明了一種新機器、新技術，等等。

so it's a very positive use of social media.

所以這是社交媒體的一個非常積極的使用。

However, there are also a lot of scams.

然而，也有很多騙局。

A scam is like a trick to try to get something from you, so a lot of people will get on these

騙局就像一個詭計，試圖從你那裡得到一些東西，所以很多人都會上這些

sites and say, oh, you know, "My wife, she's pregnant, but she has cancer and I need a

我的妻子，她懷孕了，但她有癌症，我需要一個醫生。

surgery for her but I don't have money, will people please help me?"

為她做手術，但我沒有錢，請大家幫助我好嗎？"

And people are nice, they're generous and friendly, they're helpful, they send money

人們都很好，他們慷慨而友好，他們樂於助人，他們寄錢給我們。

to this person, but this person is not married, is young, has nothing going on but, you know,

對這個人，但是這個人沒有結婚，很年輕，沒有什麼事情，但是，你知道。

just taking the money and going on vacation.

只是拿著錢去度假了。

So, you have to be very careful about the places you send your money to.

是以，你必須非常謹慎地對待你寄錢的地方。

Be very, very careful where you're sending your money.

要非常、非常小心地把錢送到哪裡。

Now, crowdsourcing is very similar to funding, but it has nothing to do with money.

現在，眾包與籌資非常相似，但它與錢無關。

Let's say I want to start a new website and I have a very, very good idea for a service

比方說，我想建立一個新的網站，我有一個非常非常好的服務想法

to provide people.

來提供人。

The problem is that I have all the content, but I don't actually know how to build a site.

問題是，我有所有的內容，但我實際上不知道如何建立一個網站。

I don't know how to make functions on the site.

我不知道如何在網站上製作功能。

So, I can go to crowdsourcing sites, especially social media sites, and I can ask people to

所以，我可以去眾包網站，特別是社交媒體網站，我可以要求人們

help write the code or look for people to do the coding to help me build this site and

幫忙寫代碼或找人做代碼，幫助我建立這個網站和

create my vision of the website.

創造我對網站的願景。

So, crowdsourcing is getting people to help you with actual work, with tasks, with their

是以，眾包是讓人們幫助你完成實際工作、任務和他們的

knowledge, with their skills, which is actually a very interesting thing.

知識，與他們的技能，這實際上是一個非常有趣的事情。

A very good thing.

一個非常好的事情。

And now there's also something called Creative Commons.

現在還有一個叫 "創作共用 "的東西。

So, what social media has done is it connected the world.

是以，社交媒體所做的是它連接了世界。

It made everybody be able to reach basically everybody and work together.

它使每個人基本上都能接觸到每個人，並一起工作。

So, Creative Commons, a lot of people are sharing photos and videos and articles for

所以，知識共享，很多人都在分享照片、視頻和文章，用於

free, and they say you can use this information, you don't have to pay me anything, there's

他們說，你可以使用這些資訊，你不需要付給我任何東西，有

no license, if you want to use this picture in your website, go ahead, it's free.

沒有許可證，如果你想在你的網站上使用這張圖片，請繼續，它是免費的。

So, you get a Creative Commons license.

是以，你得到了一個知識共享的許可。

I'm going to go to black because I lost my red [marker].

我打算用黑色，因為我的紅色[標記]丟了。

So, you get a Creative (Commons license.

是以，你得到一個創意（共享）許可。

You can go to some website where they have some kind of really beautiful pictures and,

你可以去一些網站，他們有一些非常漂亮的圖片和。

of course, there are websites where you have to buy the picture and they're a little bit

當然，也有一些網站，你必須購買圖片，他們有點

expensive.

價格昂貴。

There are Creative Commons sites where you can take the picture and use it and you have

有一些知識共享的網站，你可以拍下照片並使用它，你有

a Creative Commons license, it means it's not copyrighted.

創作共用許可證，這意味著它沒有版權。

It's free for everybody to use and share, so it's a very nice thing.

每個人都可以免費使用和分享，所以這是一個非常好的事情。

Now, very common, very popular thing to do on social media is a blog, which is a web

現在，在社交媒體上非常常見、非常流行的事情是博客，這是一個網絡

log, and that's basically people - you know, it started off as people just writing their

日誌，這基本上是人們--你知道，它開始是人們只是寫他們的

ideas and thoughts and whatever.

思想和想法什麼的。

It was like a journal and they shared it on the world wide web.

這就像一本日記，他們在世界範圍內分享它。

Now, more common is vlog - video log, which is essentially YouTube and other streaming

現在，更常見的是vlog--視頻日誌，這基本上是YouTube和其他流媒體的做法。

services where people can share videos about anything and everything.

人們可以在這裡分享有關任何事物的視頻。

Now, clickbait.

現在，點擊廣告。

Very interesting little situation here.

這裡的小情況非常有趣。

Click, you know, on the mouse, you click.

點擊，你知道，在滑鼠上，你點擊。

Bait, this word, bait, if any of you have ever gone fishing, okay, you have your rod

誘餌，這個詞，誘餌，如果你們有人曾經去釣魚，好，你有你的魚竿

and you have your line and at the end of your line you have your hook.

你有你的線，在你的線的末端你有你的鉤。

If you throw this into the water, the fish won't come.

如果你把這個扔進水裡，魚是不會來的。

They won't care, you know, it's just a piece of metal.

他們不會在意的，你知道，這只是一塊金屬而已。

But if you put a worm on the hook, or a piece of bread, or another little fish, then other

但如果你在鉤子上放一條蟲子，或一塊麵包，或另一條小魚，那麼其他的

bigger fish will come and bite it.

更大的魚會來咬它。

So, that's the bait.

所以，這就是誘餌。

The stuff you put on the hook to attract the fish is called the bait.

你放在魚鉤上吸引魚的東西被稱為魚餌。

So, clickbait is headlines, very powerful headlines or pictures that really, all these

是以，點擊誘餌是標題，非常有力的標題或圖片，真的，所有這些

people want is for you to click on them.

人們希望的是你能點擊他們。

The more you click, the more money they get.

你點擊得越多，他們得到的錢就越多。

The more visitors to their site they get, the more advertising money they get, so be

他們的網站訪客越多，他們得到的廣告費就越多，所以要

careful about clickbait.

謹慎對待點擊率。

It's very, very tempting.

這是非常、非常誘人的。

Now, I personally have clicked many things that were just clickbait because you can't

現在，我個人已經點擊了許多隻是點擊誘餌的東西，因為你不能

help it, they're so attractive, you go to them, you click, and then ah, clickbait!

幫助它，他們是如此有吸引力，你去他們，你點擊，然後啊，點擊誘餌!

And then you've wasted your time.

然後你就浪費了你的時間。

Feed.

飼料。

Everything you put on your social media site or social media platform is called a feed

你放在社交媒體網站或社交媒體平臺上的所有內容都被稱為feed

or post.

或職位。

On Twitter you put a post, on Facebook you put a feed, and it goes up and down, and up

在Twitter上，你發一個帖子，在Facebook上，你放一個Feed，然後它就會上升，下降，再上升。

and down, and it keeps moving.

和下降，而且它一直在移動。

So, your feed is basically the collection of posts, and they keep moving up and down.

是以，你的Feed基本上是帖子的集合，它們不斷地向上和向下移動。

The more posts people put on, the more crowded the feed gets until nothing really matters

人們發的帖子越多，飼料就越擁擠，直到沒有什麼真正重要的東西。

anymore.

不再是了。

And then, of course, unless something goes viral, alright.

然後，當然，除非有什麼東西變成病毒，好吧。

If it goes viral, it spreads very quickly to a lot of people and it becomes very popular

如果它是病毒式的，它就會很快傳播給很多人，變得非常流行

until people forget about it and something else becomes viral.