Name: 如何解決我們的大垃圾問題 | CNBC報道 (How to solve our big trash problem | CNBC Reports)
Uploaded: 2021-04-26T17:50:40.000Z
Duration: 12 min 56 s

Every year, the world generates more than 2 billion tonnes of trash.

每年，世界上產生的垃圾超過20億噸。

That's enough to fill over 800,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.

這足以填滿80多萬個奧林匹克大小的游泳池。

進階被動語態

About a third of the world's waste is being openly dumped or burned.

世界上約有三分之一的廢物被公開傾倒或焚燒。

This is a challenge we've seen over and over, where users are unable to pay for use

這是我們一次又一次看到的挑戰，用戶無法支付使用費。

where users are unable to pay for use of the system,  where there's an affordability gap.

在用戶無法支付使用該系統的費用時，存在負擔能力差距。

And by the year 2050, the amount of rubbish generated annually is expected to increase

而到2050年，每年產生的垃圾量預計將增加

As the rubbish piles up, no number of landfills and recycling programs

隨著垃圾的堆積，沒有任何數量的垃圾填埋場和回收計劃

能跟上這個日益嚴重的問題的步伐。

The waste management process comprises the collection, treatment and disposal of waste.

廢物管理過程包括廢物的收集、處理和處置。

Solid waste can come from several sources, mainly from residential and commercial properties,

固體廢物可能來自幾個方面，主要來自住宅和商業地產。

and industrial facilities, such as medical, electronic and construction waste.

和工業設施，如醫療、電子和建築垃圾。

With COVID, overall we've seen medical waste increase about 40%.

有了COVID，總體上我們看到醫療廢物增加了約40%。

It's often the poor that are the most affected by lack of waste management services,

由於缺乏廢物管理服務，受影響最大的往往是窮人。

whether it's because they're not receiving waste management services due to

是否因為他們沒有得到廢物管理服務，因為

where they're living or waste is being  dumped by the communities.

他們所居住的地方或廢物被社區傾倒。

Even as medical waste piles up, it's a tiny fraction of municipal solid waste.

即使醫療廢物堆積如山，它也只是城市固體廢物的一小部分。

Of the 2 billion tonnes of waste generated globally, 12% is plastic waste,

在全球產生的20億噸廢物中，12%是塑膠廢物。

but it's dwarfed by food and organic matter,  and paper & cardboard scraps.

但它與食物和有機物以及紙和紙板的殘渣相比相形見絀。

Once all that trash is collected, there are 3 main ways it is treated and disposed of:

一旦所有的垃圾被收集起來，有3種主要的方式來處理和處置它們。

by burning the trash in an incinerator, using a landfill

通過在焚燒爐中燃燒垃圾，使用垃圾填埋場

or dumping it openly without any processing whatsoever.

While 33% of global waste end up directly at open dumps,

而全球33%的垃圾直接在露天垃圾場結束。

governments are increasingly recognizing that  these sites are bad for the environment

政府越來越認識到，這些場地對環境有害。

Instead, they are opting for more sustainable ways to manage their waste, such as incinerators

相反，他們正在選擇更可持續的方式來管理他們的廢物，如焚燒爐

Nowhere is this more pronounced than in  densely populated Singapore,

這一點在人口稠密的新加坡最為明顯。

more than 17 times that of India and 200 times that of the U.S.

是印度的17倍以上，是美國的200倍以上。

Between 1970 and 2016, the amount of solid waste disposed in Singapore increased about

1970年至2016年間，新加坡處置的固體廢物數量增加了約

7-fold as its population and economy grew.

隨著其人口和經濟的增長，增長了7倍。

Of the 7 million tonnes of waste generated in the country in 2019,

在2019年全國產生的700萬噸垃圾中。

The journey of a single piece of trash brings us to Tuas South Incineration Plant,

一件垃圾的旅程把我們帶到了大士南區焚燒廠。

the largest waste incineration facility  in Singapore to date.

這是迄今為止新加坡最大的垃圾焚燒設施。

Kan Kok Wah is the general manager of the plant,

one of four such facilities in the country  which can convert waste into energy.

這是全國四個此類設施之一，可以將廢物轉化為能源。

Waste is collected from industrial, commercial premises and household premises.

廢物從工業、商業場所和家庭場所收集。

An average of about 600 trucks are coming to Tuas South Incineration Plant.

平均約有600輛卡車來到大士南區焚燒廠。

They will discharge the waste into the bunker.

Cranes will then grab and feed the waste into the incinerator.

然後，起重機將抓取並將廢物送入焚燒爐。

The temperature in the furnace is about 850 – 1,000 degrees.

爐子裡的溫度約為850 - 1,000度。

You will achieve a 90% reduction in terms of volume.

在數量上，你將實現90%的減少。

This will then help to conserve the space required for landfill.

然後，這將有助於節省填埋所需的空間。

So the need to conserve land is very critical for Singapore.

是以，保護土地的需要對新加坡來說是非常關鍵的。

Along the way, we have magnetic separator.

Ferrous and non-ferrous metal will be recovered from the ash.

鐵和非鐵金屬將從灰燼中回收。

Ash will then be transported from the ash pit to another facility.

然後，灰燼將從灰坑運輸到另一個設施。

Pollutants produced during incineration are treated before being released into the atmosphere,

焚燒過程中產生的汙染物在釋放到大氣中之前會被處理。

Water will be converted into steam from the energy recovered from the combustion of waste.

水將從廢物燃燒回收的能量中轉化為蒸汽。

This water will be then converted into high temperature, high pressure steam

然後這些水將被轉化為高溫、高壓的蒸汽

20% is being consumed internally, with the rest being exported to the national grid.

20%被內部消費，其餘的被出口到國家電網。

The total power generated by the four waste-to-energy incineration plants in Singapore,

新加坡四個垃圾焚燒廠的總髮電量。

contributes about 2–3% to the national  electricity demand in the country.

對全國電力需求的貢獻約為2-3%。

An upcoming waste-to-energy plant built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

三菱重工即將建造的一座垃圾發電站

and water treatment company Hyflux will be able to incinerate

3,600 tonnes of waste per day while  generating electricity to be self-sufficient

每天處理3,600噸垃圾，同時發電，實現自給自足

and providing excess power to the national grid.

並向國家電網提供多餘的電力。

How much waste is collected and  managed in TSIP?

In 2019, about 1.08 million tonnes of waste is collected.

2019年，約有108萬噸的垃圾被收集。

That's equivalent to about 3,000 tonnes of waste daily.

After the incineration process, my journey takes me on a ferry to the country's only

焚燒過程結束後，我乘坐渡輪前往該國唯一的

landfill located along the Singapore Strait, one of the busiest waterways in the world.

位於世界上最繁忙的水路之一的新加坡海峽沿岸的垃圾填埋場。

Semakau Landfill is an off-shore landfill enclosed by a 4.3-mile perimeter rock embankment,

塞馬考垃圾填埋場是一個離岸的垃圾填埋場，由一個4.3英里長的周邊岩石堤壩圍住。

which creates a sea space to fill with  incinerated rubbish.

這創造了一個海洋空間，用焚燒的垃圾來填充。

In operation since 1999 and costing nearly half a billion dollars,

自1999年開始運作，耗資近5億美元。

該島不僅僅是一個垃圾填埋場。

Actually we are made up of two big islands called Pulau Semakau and Pulau Sakeng and

事實上，我們是由兩個大的島嶼組成的，分別叫塞馬考島和薩肯島，以及

these two are joined together to  what we see here.

這兩者結合在一起，就是我們在這裡看到的情況。

350公頃的Pulau Semakau垃圾填埋場。

A barge ferries more than 2,000 tonnes of waste between mainland Singapore

一艘駁船在新加坡大陸之間渡過了2000多噸的垃圾

and Semakau Landfill daily, says Desmond Lee, general manager of the landfill.

和Semakau垃圾填埋場的總經理Desmond Lee說。

We have big equipment such as the dump truck, excavators, etc.

我們有大型設備，如翻斗車、挖掘機等。

These are equipment that we use daily, and you can hear-

This barge actually comes from the  Tuas Marine Transfer Station

這艘駁船實際上來自大士海事轉運站

from Tuas, travels 33 kilometres journey all the way here.

從大士鎮出發，一路走了33公里的路程來到這裡。

Tell me about how the ash is going to get transferred out.

There is what is called the long-arm excavator.

有一種被稱為長臂挖掘機的東西。

This excavator will grab the ash and as well as non-incinerable waste,

這臺挖掘機將抓取灰燼以及不可焚燒的廢物。

and drop into what we call the dump truck.

The trucks will then unload the ash into specific cells within the lagoon.

然後，卡車將把灰燼卸到瀉湖內的特定單元。

To prevent leaks and contamination of the sea water outside the rock bunds,

為了防止岩石堤壩外的海水洩漏和汙染。

the perimeter is lined with impermeable membrane  and a layer of marine clay.

周邊鋪設防滲膜和海洋粘土層。

As the water level within the lagoon increases with rainfall and the dumping of the ash,

由於瀉湖內的水位隨著降雨和灰燼的傾倒而增加。

the overflow is discharged into the open sea

after being treated at a wastewater treatment plant.

If you travel around Semakau, you'll see there's a lot of mangroves around,

如果你在塞馬考周圍旅行，你會看到周圍有很多紅樹林。

This is a testimony to the absence of adverse impact from our operational landfill.

這證明了我們營運的垃圾填埋場沒有產生不利影響。

We also want to ensure the marine life and nature in this area continue to strive.

我們還希望確保這一地區的海洋生物和自然界繼續努力。

How filled is Semakau Landfill right now?

塞馬考垃圾填埋場現在有多滿？