That's enough to fill over 800,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.

這足以填滿80多萬個奧林匹克大小的游泳池。

About a third of the world's waste is being openly dumped or burned.

世界上約有三分之一的廢物被公開傾倒或焚燒。

This is a challenge we've seen over and over, where users are unable to pay for use

這是我們一次又一次看到的挑戰，用戶無法支付使用費。

where users are unable to pay for use of the system, where there's an affordability gap.

在用戶無法支付使用該系統的費用時，存在負擔能力差距。

And by the year 2050, the amount of rubbish generated annually is expected to increase

而到2050年，每年產生的垃圾量預計將增加

to 3.4 billion tonnes.

至34億噸。

As the rubbish piles up, no number of landfills and recycling programs

隨著垃圾的堆積，沒有任何數量的垃圾填埋場和回收計劃

can keep pace with this growing problem.

能跟上這個日益嚴重的問題的步伐。

So what's the solution?

那麼解決方案是什麼呢？

The waste management process comprises the collection, treatment and disposal of waste.

廢物管理過程包括廢物的收集、處理和處置。

Solid waste can come from several sources, mainly from residential and commercial properties,

固體廢物可能來自幾個方面，主要來自住宅和商業地產。

and industrial facilities, such as medical, electronic and construction waste.

和工業設施，如醫療、電子和建築垃圾。

With COVID, overall we've seen medical waste increase about 40%.

有了COVID，總體上我們看到醫療廢物增加了約40%。

It's often the poor that are the most affected by lack of waste management services,

由於缺乏廢物管理服務，受影響最大的往往是窮人。

whether it's because they're not receiving waste management services due to

是否因為他們沒有得到廢物管理服務，因為

where they're living or waste is being dumped by the communities.

他們所居住的地方或廢物被社區傾倒。

Even as medical waste piles up, it's a tiny fraction of municipal solid waste.

即使醫療廢物堆積如山，它也只是城市固體廢物的一小部分。

Of the 2 billion tonnes of waste generated globally, 12% is plastic waste,

在全球產生的20億噸廢物中，12%是塑膠廢物。

but it's dwarfed by food and organic matter, and paper & cardboard scraps.

但它與食物和有機物以及紙和紙板的殘渣相比相形見絀。

Once all that trash is collected, there are 3 main ways it is treated and disposed of:

一旦所有的垃圾被收集起來，有3種主要的方式來處理和處置它們。

by burning the trash in an incinerator, using a landfill

通過在焚燒爐中燃燒垃圾，使用垃圾填埋場

or dumping it openly without any processing whatsoever.

或不加任何處理地公開傾倒。

While 33% of global waste end up directly at open dumps,

而全球33%的垃圾直接在露天垃圾場結束。

governments are increasingly recognizing that these sites are bad for the environment

政府越來越認識到，這些場地對環境有害。

and can be vectors for diseases.

並且可以成為疾病的載體。

Instead, they are opting for more sustainable ways to manage their waste, such as incinerators

相反，他們正在選擇更可持續的方式來管理他們的廢物，如焚燒爐

and recycling programs.

和回收計劃。

Nowhere is this more pronounced than in densely populated Singapore,

這一點在人口稠密的新加坡最為明顯。

which has nearly 8,000 people per km²,

每平方公里有近8,000人。

more than 17 times that of India and 200 times that of the U.S.

是印度的17倍以上，是美國的200倍以上。

Between 1970 and 2016, the amount of solid waste disposed in Singapore increased about

1970年至2016年間，新加坡處置的固體廢物數量增加了約

7-fold as its population and economy grew.

隨著其人口和經濟的增長，增長了7倍。

Of the 7 million tonnes of waste generated in the country in 2019,

在2019年全國產生的700萬噸垃圾中。

more than half were recycled.

一半以上被回收利用。

The journey of a single piece of trash brings us to Tuas South Incineration Plant,

一件垃圾的旅程把我們帶到了大士南區焚燒廠。

the largest waste incineration facility in Singapore to date.

這是迄今為止新加坡最大的垃圾焚燒設施。

Kan Kok Wah is the general manager of the plant,

簡國華是該廠的總經理。

one of four such facilities in the country which can convert waste into energy.

這是全國四個此類設施之一，可以將廢物轉化為能源。

Waste is collected from industrial, commercial premises and household premises.

廢物從工業、商業場所和家庭場所收集。

An average of about 600 trucks are coming to Tuas South Incineration Plant.

平均約有600輛卡車來到大士南區焚燒廠。

They will discharge the waste into the bunker.

他們將把廢物排入沙坑。

Cranes will then grab and feed the waste into the incinerator.

然後，起重機將抓取並將廢物送入焚燒爐。

The temperature in the furnace is about 850 – 1,000 degrees.

爐子裡的溫度約為850 - 1,000度。

You will achieve a 90% reduction in terms of volume.

在數量上，你將實現90%的減少。

This will then help to conserve the space required for landfill.

然後，這將有助於節省填埋所需的空間。

Singapore is a very small country.

新加坡是一個非常小的國家。

It's land-scarce.

它是土地稀缺的。

So the need to conserve land is very critical for Singapore.

是以，保護土地的需要對新加坡來說是非常關鍵的。

Along the way, we have magnetic separator.

一路走來，我們有磁選機。

Ferrous and non-ferrous metal will be recovered from the ash.

鐵和非鐵金屬將從灰燼中回收。

Ash will then be transported from the ash pit to another facility.

然後，灰燼將從灰坑運輸到另一個設施。

Pollutants produced during incineration are treated before being released into the atmosphere,

焚燒過程中產生的汙染物在釋放到大氣中之前會被處理。

ensuring clean air is being discharged.

確保清潔空氣的排放。

Water will be converted into steam from the energy recovered from the combustion of waste.

水將從廢物燃燒回收的能量中轉化為蒸汽。

This water will be then converted into high temperature, high pressure steam

然後這些水將被轉化為高溫、高壓的蒸汽

to run turbine generators.

來運行渦輪機發電機。

This is to produce electricity power.

這是為了生產電功率。

20% is being consumed internally, with the rest being exported to the national grid.

20%被內部消費，其餘的被出口到國家電網。

The total power generated by the four waste-to-energy incineration plants in Singapore,

新加坡四個垃圾焚燒廠的總髮電量。

including Tuas South,

包括大士南區。

contributes about 2–3% to the national electricity demand in the country.

對全國電力需求的貢獻約為2-3%。

An upcoming waste-to-energy plant built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

三菱重工即將建造的一座垃圾發電站

and water treatment company Hyflux will be able to incinerate

和水處理公司Hyflux將能夠焚燒

3,600 tonnes of waste per day while generating electricity to be self-sufficient

每天處理3,600噸垃圾，同時發電，實現自給自足

and providing excess power to the national grid.

並向國家電網提供多餘的電力。

How much waste is collected and managed in TSIP?

TSIP收集和管理的廢物有多少？

In 2019, about 1.08 million tonnes of waste is collected.

2019年，約有108萬噸的垃圾被收集。

That's equivalent to about 3,000 tonnes of waste daily.

這相當於每天約3000噸的廢物。

After the incineration process, my journey takes me on a ferry to the country's only

焚燒過程結束後，我乘坐渡輪前往該國唯一的

landfill located along the Singapore Strait, one of the busiest waterways in the world.

位於世界上最繁忙的水路之一的新加坡海峽沿岸的垃圾填埋場。

Semakau Landfill is an off-shore landfill enclosed by a 4.3-mile perimeter rock embankment,

塞馬考垃圾填埋場是一個離岸的垃圾填埋場，由一個4.3英里長的周邊岩石堤壩圍住。

which creates a sea space to fill with incinerated rubbish.

這創造了一個海洋空間，用焚燒的垃圾來填充。

In operation since 1999 and costing nearly half a billion dollars,

自1999年開始運作，耗資近5億美元。

the island is more than just a landfill.

該島不僅僅是一個垃圾填埋場。

Actually we are made up of two big islands called Pulau Semakau and Pulau Sakeng and

事實上，我們是由兩個大的島嶼組成的，分別叫塞馬考島和薩肯島，以及

these two are joined together to what we see here.

這兩者結合在一起，就是我們在這裡看到的情況。

350 hectares of Pulau Semakau Landfill.

350公頃的Pulau Semakau垃圾填埋場。

A barge ferries more than 2,000 tonnes of waste between mainland Singapore

一艘駁船在新加坡大陸之間渡過了2000多噸的垃圾

and Semakau Landfill daily, says Desmond Lee, general manager of the landfill.

和Semakau垃圾填埋場的總經理Desmond Lee說。

We have big equipment such as the dump truck, excavators, etc.

我們有大型設備，如翻斗車、挖掘機等。

These are equipment that we use daily, and you can hear-

What's going on there?

那裡發生了什麼事？

This barge actually comes from the Tuas Marine Transfer Station

這艘駁船實際上來自大士海事轉運站

from Tuas, travels 33 kilometres journey all the way here.

從大士鎮出發，一路走了33公里的路程來到這裡。

Tell me about how the ash is going to get transferred out.

告訴我灰燼如何被轉移出去。

There is what is called the long-arm excavator.

有一種被稱為長臂挖掘機的東西。

This excavator will grab the ash and as well as non-incinerable waste,

這臺挖掘機將抓取灰燼以及不可焚燒的廢物。

and drop into what we call the dump truck.

並落入我們所說的翻斗車。

The trucks will then unload the ash into specific cells within the lagoon.

然後，卡車將把灰燼卸到瀉湖內的特定單元。

To prevent leaks and contamination of the sea water outside the rock bunds,

為了防止岩石堤壩外的海水洩漏和汙染。

the perimeter is lined with impermeable membrane and a layer of marine clay.

周邊鋪設防滲膜和海洋粘土層。

As the water level within the lagoon increases with rainfall and the dumping of the ash,

由於瀉湖內的水位隨著降雨和灰燼的傾倒而增加。

the overflow is discharged into the open sea

溢出物被排入公海

after being treated at a wastewater treatment plant.

在廢水處理廠處理之後。

If you travel around Semakau, you'll see there's a lot of mangroves around,

如果你在塞馬考周圍旅行，你會看到周圍有很多紅樹林。

and there are also beautiful corals.

而且還有美麗的珊瑚。

This is a testimony to the absence of adverse impact from our operational landfill.

這證明了我們營運的垃圾填埋場沒有產生不利影響。

We also want to ensure the marine life and nature in this area continue to strive.

我們還希望確保這一地區的海洋生物和自然界繼續努力。

How filled is Semakau Landfill right now?

塞馬考垃圾填埋場現在有多滿？

Based on the current waste generation, Semakau Landfill will be completely filled by 2035.

根據目前的垃圾產生量，Semakau垃圾填埋場將在2035年完全填滿。

However, there are current plans to work together with the different government agencies, businesses

然而，目前有計劃與不同的政府機構、企業一起合作

as well as communities to look into how we can extend the life of Semakau Landfill.

以及社區，研究我們如何能夠延長塞馬考垃圾填埋場的壽命。

What lessons can we learn from Singapore's other previous landfills?

我們可以從新加坡以前的其他垃圾填埋場學到什麼教訓？

One key lesson that we learned is that it takes a long time to remediate the landfill.

我們學到的一個關鍵教訓是，修復垃圾場需要很長的時間。

And then there's also resources needed to commit to them

然後還需要有資源來投入其中

before the land can be remediated for other uses.

在土地可以被補救用於其他用途之前。

The other strategy we are also taking is looking at the possibilities

我們還採取的另一項戰略是研究各種可能性

of recycling the incineration bottom ash,

焚燒底灰的回收。

which is now known as NEWSand,

它現在被稱為 "NEWSAND"。

and could be used for non-structural concrete, for example.

並可用於非結構性混凝土，例如。

To date, NEWSand has been used to create footpaths and benches,

迄今為止，NEWSAND已被用於創建人行道和長椅。

while tests are ongoing for its application in road construction projects.

而在道路建設項目中的應用測試正在進行。

Landfills are a short-term solution to a long-term problem.

填埋場是一個長期問題的短期解決方案。

In land-scarce Singapore, which is slightly smaller than New York City,

在土地稀缺的新加坡，它比紐約市略小。

space is a luxury,

空間是一種奢侈。

and it's a matter of time before Semakau landfill is full.

而塞馬考垃圾填埋場被填滿只是時間問題。

Singapore aims to reduce the waste going into Semakau Landfill by 30% by 2030

新加坡的目標是到2030年將進入實馬高垃圾填埋場的垃圾減少30%。

as part of its Zero Waste Masterplan.

作為其零廢物總體規劃的一部分。

The country also intends to develop new waste management facilities,

該國還打算開發新的廢物管理設施。

to meet the treatment needs of wastewater, sludge and even food waste,

以滿足廢水、汙泥、甚至食品廢物的處理需求。

ultimately improving the recycling rate in Singapore.

最終提高新加坡的回收率。

Despite the high rates of recycling among developed nations, high-income countries,

儘管發達國家的回收率很高，但高收入國家。

which account for 16% of the world's population, generate 34% of global waste.

佔世界人口的16%，產生了全球34%的廢物。

Conversely, about 5% of the world's waste come from low-income countries,

相反，世界上大約5%的廢物來自低收入國家。

even though they make up 9% of the world's population.

儘管他們佔世界人口的9%。

Notably, the U.S., Canada and Bermuda, all high-income nations in North America,

值得注意的是，美國、加拿大和百慕大，都是北美洲的高收入國家。

generate one of the highest average amount of waste per capita.

產生的人均廢物量最高的國家之一。

However, the trend is expected to reverse in the next few decades as low-income countries

然而，隨著低收入國家的發展，這一趨勢預計將在未來幾十年內逆轉。

experience economic growth and a population boom.

經歷了經濟增長和人口激增。

For over two decades, China was the dumping ground for nearly half of the world's scrap,

20多年來，中國是世界上近一半廢品的傾銷地。

with much of it originating from developed countries such as the U.S., U.K. and Australia.

其中大部分來自發達國家，如美國、英國和澳洲。

All that changed in 2018 when China imposed a blanket ban on 24 types of imported waste,

這一切在2018年發生了變化，中國對24種進口廢物實施了全面禁令。

citing the need to protect its environment and public health.

以保護環境和公眾健康的需要為由。

The magnitude of the problem was laid bare when other countries in Southeast Asia also

問題的嚴重性在東南亞其他國家也出現時暴露無遺。

started rejecting plastic waste from the rich, industrialized countries.

開始拒絕來自富裕的工業化國家的塑膠垃圾。

In 2019, the Philippines sent back containers of waste to Canada and South Korea,

2019年，菲律賓向加拿大和韓國送回了貨櫃的廢物。

while waste from Spain and Australia that were sent to Malaysia were similarly rejected.

而從西班牙和澳洲運往馬來西亞的廢物也同樣被拒絕。

Waste management is very expensive.

廢物管理是非常昂貴的。

And it should not be looked at as being an economic activity to generate revenue,

而且不應該把它看成是一種創造收入的經濟活動。

but as a public service that requires financing.

但作為一項公共服務，需要融資。

Not just financing that is affordable for the population and for the country as such,

不僅僅是民眾和國家能夠負擔得起的融資，也是如此。

but also in terms of legislative environment and regulation, and monitoring and enforcement.

但在立法環境和監管以及監測和執行方面也是如此。

All of these pieces of the puzzle should be in place,

所有這些拼圖的碎片都應該到位。

because at the end of the day as we have seen many times

因為在一天結束的時候，正如我們多次看到的那樣

there is always an easy way out, and that is to pollute the environment.

總是有一條簡單的出路，那就是汙染環境。

It takes years and concerted effort to switch the way we as a society behave

要想改變我們這個社會的行為方式，需要多年的協同努力。

so that we increase the recyclability of our waste.

這樣，我們就能提高廢物的可回收性。

More companies are also applying environmental, social and corporate governance standards

更多的公司也在應用環境、社會和公司治理標準

to their operations.

對其業務的影響。

While this is the latest trend in town, it remains to be seen if businesses can be both

雖然這是鎮上的最新趨勢，但企業是否能同時做到這一點還有待觀察。

ethical and profitable, benefitting stakeholders, society and the planet.

符合道德和盈利，使利益相關者、社會和地球受益。

Citizens are key to changing the waste management system moving forward.

公民是改變廢物管理制度前進的關鍵。

So, whether it's the day-to-day behaviour of reducing waste, being willing to be educated

是以，無論是減少廢物的日常行為，還是願意接受教育

and participate in recycling and recovery, being willing to pay for the services so that

並參與循環和回收，願意為這些服務付費，以便

the city can offer more management of waste in a proper way.

城市可以以適當的方式提供更多的廢物管理。

Each person generates nearly 2 pounds of trash daily,

每個人每天都會產生近2磅的垃圾。

so changing the throwaway culture will have a direct impact

是以，改變丟棄文化將產生直接影響

on how the world looks like for future generations.

對後代來說，世界是什麼樣子的。

The journey to reduce, reuse and recycle then, begins with us.

那麼，減少、再利用和再循環的旅程，就從我們開始。