Name: 为什么战舰在第一次世界大战中使用这种迷彩（Why ships used this camouflage in World War I）
Uploaded: 2021-04-26T11:51:18.000Z
Duration: 5 min
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

It  was called "dazzle camouflage", and the irregular

shapes were paired with bright colors, like this blue.

So when artists painted scenes like this or this, they weren't just playing with paint.

They were showing the final defense that hundreds upon hundreds of ships used...against torpedoes.

British artist Norman Wilkinson painted scenes like these and specialized in nautical pictures.

He ran the Royal Navy's camoufleur program.

Previous camoufleurs had tried shades of grey or blue, but Wilkinson suggested dazzle:

unpredictable patterns, with a range of colors.

The ocean and sky were constantly changing colors, and that made it hard to pick a single

shade of paint that could help a ship slip by unnoticed.

But it was possible to hide what the ship was doing.

The U-Boat submarine and torpedoes were the big new threat in World War I.

To shoot a torpedo, you needed to know the angle, distance, and speed of the ship you

The ship was moving and so was the submarine.

Now imagine a ship through a periscope from a thousand meters away.

When you...dazzled...a ship, you made it hard for u-boats to know where to aim.

Here is a normal boat and a dazzled boat.

On the normal boat, you can see the bow and stern, and you can gauge key attributes to

Lines like these were false waves, so it was hard to guess which direction was the bow,

or front of the boat, and where it was going.

The colors made it hard to tell how quickly the boat was moving from one point in the

view to another, or to use a rangefinder to guesstimate its distance.

Everything looked...sort of wrong under dazzle patterns, which made a ship's course tough

A few degrees could be the difference between life or death.

You could see it, but you couldn't guess direction or speed to guide your torpedo.

Dazzle patterns were always different and kept top secret.

The starboard and port sides were designed to be unpredictable.

Modelers even tested visibility using tiny boats and simulated periscopes, just to see

Even experts were fooled by the direction of the ship.

Out in the ocean, tricking a torpedo saved lives.

Dazzle camo inspired people from all disciplines as it traveled worldwide.

One zoologist claimed to have invented it, inspired by zebras,

British artists with cubist-inspired backgrounds became camoufleurs,

and photo-scientists in America made their own models too, like in this 1919 MIT thesis.

Even the sister ship to the Titanic became...dazzling,

At the end of World War I, periscopes and weaponry improved, as well as strategies to

On the other end, dazzle paint was hard to maintain.

Radar furthered the decline of dazzle's utility, though the camo was used in World

Dazzle inspired fashion trends at the time and the artists who painted it on ships.

Norman Wilkinson made this painting of the dazzled ships he helped make mainstream.

The u-boat's rise and particular weaknesses opened a unique window in history, like a

For a brief period, it made sense to stand out.

But even today, dazzle lives up to its name.

So if you look at these dazzle ships and think about cubism, you aren't wrong to make the

Pablo Picasso tried to take credit — eh, he might have had a point.