Name: 我們第一次可以看到黑洞的磁場 (For the Very First Time, We Can See A Black Hole's Magnetic Fields)
Uploaded: 2021-04-23T18:10:32.000Z
Duration: 4 min 28 s

in april of 2019 scientists working for the event horizon telescope collaboration stunned the world when they released the first ever picture of a black hole.

2019年4月，為事件視界望遠鏡合作項目工作的科學家發佈了有史以來第一張黑洞的照片，震驚了世界。

This photo of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the galaxy called M 87 has since become iconic.

這張位於銀河系中心的超大品質黑洞的照片被稱為M 87，後來成為標誌性的照片。

And after almost two years of poring over their data, they've released a new version of their famous photo, One that could help solve a major mystery about black holes.

在對他們的數據進行了近兩年的研究之後，他們發佈了一張新版本的著名照片，這張照片可能有助於解決關於黑洞的一個主要謎團。

The mystery involves jets of matter that supermassive black holes can launch off into space at nearly the speed of light.

這個謎團涉及超大品質黑洞能夠以近乎光速的速度向太空發射的物質噴流。

M 87 has a black hole at its center with just such a jet one that extends for at least 5000 light years.

M 87的中心有一個黑洞，它的噴流至少延伸了5000光年。

Iconic image, the Hubble space telescope captured another jaw dropping picture of M.

標誌性的影像，哈勃太空望遠鏡拍攝了另一張令人瞠目結舌的M.

87 that clearly showed this jet spearing its way across the cosmos.

87號文件清楚地顯示了這一噴氣機在宇宙中的長驅直入。

The blue tinted beam is as stunning as it is puzzling after all, if there's one thing black holes are known for its their insatiable appetite, anything that strays too close and crosses a threshold, known as the event horizon gets sucked in by the black holes, inescapable gravity.

藍色的光束是驚人的，因為它是令人費解的，畢竟，如果有一件事是黑洞已知的，那就是它貪得無厭的胃口，任何過於接近和越過閾值的東西，被稱為事件視界的黑洞吸進去，無法逃脫的重力。

Even light traveling as fast as anything in the universe can go, can't break free matter far enough outside the event horizon can form an accretion disk that glows extremely brightly as it swirls around.

即使是宇宙中任何東西都能達到的最快速度的光，也無法掙脫事件視界外足夠遠的物質，可以形成一個吸積盤，在旋轉時發出極其耀眼的光芒。

Most matter just outside the edge of the black hole eventually falls in, but some of it doesn't.

大多數位於黑洞邊緣的物質最終會落入黑洞，但有些物質卻不會。

Instead, moments before falling into the jaws of crushing doom, it gets shot off in that spectacular jet when the HT first imaged and 87 supermassive black hole back in 2019, scientists thought the jet was created when the black holes spin interacted with its magnetic field, but they didn't have any proof.

相反，在落入破碎的厄運之門的前一刻，它被射出了那種壯觀的噴射，當HT在2019年首次對和87號超大品質黑洞進行成像時，科學家們認為噴射是在黑洞旋轉與它的磁場相互作用時產生的，但他們沒有任何證據。

這張更新的圖片暗示了這一證據。

Upon closer examination of their data, The scientists discovered that a lot of the light around the black hole is polarized, meaning the photons are vibrating in the same plane, light can become polarized in several ways, like when it's passed through a filter.

在仔細檢查他們的數據後，科學家們發現，黑洞周圍的很多光線是偏振的，這意味著光子在同一個平面上振動，光可以通過幾種方式變得偏振，比如當它通過一個過濾器時。

In this case, when light is emitted by plasma in a magnetic field, the field orders the plasma and acts as a filter that aligns the photons vibrations.

在這種情況下，當光在磁場中被等離子體發射出來時，磁場使等離子體有序化，並作為一個過濾器，使光子的振動一致。

Using this new information, the astronomers could map the magnetic field lines at the edge of the black hole for the first time ever.

利用這些新資訊，天文學家們可以有史以來第一次繪製出黑洞邊緣的磁場線。

Understanding the magnetic field could provide the answer to how black holes can swallow some matter while ejecting other matter into space.

瞭解磁場可以為黑洞如何吞噬一些物質而將其他物質噴射到太空提供答案。

Scientists have used different models to explain how the gas around the black hole behaves, and the new data suggests the models with a stronger magnetic field are more likely accurate.

科學家們用不同的模型來解釋黑洞周圍的氣體是如何表現的，而新的數據表明具有更強磁場的模型更可能是準確的。

A strong magnetic field would account for the observed behavior where much of the matter in the ring around the black hole resists since pulp.

一個強大的磁場將解釋所觀察到的行為，即黑洞周圍的環中的大部分物質抵制自漿。

In fact, because of this work, scientists were able to estimate just how fast the black hole is eating, even though it has a mass of 6.5 billion suns, it's only absorbing 1/1000 of a solar mass for a year.

事實上，由於這項工作，科學家們能夠估計出這個黑洞的進食速度有多快，儘管它的品質有65億個太陽，但它在一年內只吸收了1/1000個太陽品質。

Astronomers also published images of the polarized light in M 87 jet, which helped them map the magnetic field lines in this spray of matter taken altogether.

天文學家們還發表了M 87噴流中的偏振光影像，這幫助他們繪製了這一物質噴流中的磁場線總圖。

These images can help astronomers understand exactly how the magnetic field interacts with matter from the event horizon, all the way through the jet.

這些影像可以幫助天文學家準確地瞭解磁場是如何與物質互動的，從事件視界開始，一直到噴流。

There's still much more to come from the event horizon telescope, which is not one single observatory, but it's actually made up of several observatories around the world.

事件視界望遠鏡還有很多東西要做，它不是一個單一的天文臺，但它實際上是由世界各地的幾個天文臺組成的。

Working together in its current state, it's powerful enough to spot something the size of a credit card on the surface of the moon.

在目前的狀態下一起工作，它的力量足以在月球表面發現信用卡大小的東西。

The network that connects the various telescopes is being upgraded and more observatories are joining the effort with more power at their disposal.

連接各個望遠鏡的網絡正在升級，更多的天文臺正在加入這一努力，他們可以支配更多的力量。

The scientists predict they'll be able to create a moving image of M-87 supermassive black hole to get a clearer understanding of what's happening soon.

科學家們預測，他們將能夠創建M-87超大品質黑洞的移動影像，以更清楚地瞭解很快就會發生什麼。

If we're lucky, we'll see this photogenic cosmic wonder in motion.

如果我們幸運的話，我們會看到這個上鏡的宇宙奇蹟在運動。

This photo is the gift that keeps on giving.

Like when researchers revealed the photon ring hidden within it to learn more about the photon ring.

就像研究人員揭示了隱藏在其中的光子環，以瞭解更多關於光子環的資訊。

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