Interesting question: Why do I struggle to speak English even though I am quite good at grammar?  

有趣提問：為什麼就算我英文文法很好，口說卻不好呢？

The honest answer to that question is likely because you are quite good at grammar.

答案可能正是因為你文法程度很好。

You've probably focused on it too much,

你可能過於專注於，

spent too much time studying it.

花太多時間研究文法。

And therefore, are overly reliant on it, and you have been trying to train yourself to speak English by using those grammar rules.

導致過度依賴文法，一直想用文法規則來訓練自己的口說。

But the problem is that does not play nicely with what's supposed to happen in here to make this happen smoothly.

問題是，文法並不能幫助腦袋運轉，讓你自然地說話。

There was a time when we thought native speakers of any language, not just English,

曾經有一段時間我們認為任何母語者，不僅限英語，

were processing that language using grammar rules and individual words, computing them in the mind to create sentences step-by-step as they went.

都是使用文法規則和單詞處理語言，在腦中計算並逐步建構句子。

But that never really made that much sense.

但這說不通。

Then in 1983, the researchers Pawley and Syder published their seminal research work.

然後在 1983 年，研究人員 Pawley 和 Syder 發表了他們開創性的研究成果。

Two theories, or two puzzles, for linguistic theory: Nativelike fluency and Nativelike selection.

語言學的兩個理論，或兩是說難題：似母語者流暢度與選擇。

And in that paper, they argued that native speakers shouldn't be able to speak so fluently

在該論文中，他們認為母語人士說話不該這麼流利，

because if we were using grammar rules and individual words, computing them, that would happen in working memory.

因為如果我們說話前在會先在腦中思考文法規則及單詞，那牽涉的是工作記憶。

The conscious part of the mind, which is extremely limited - It's really not that powerful.

也就是大腦有意識思考的部分，而其極其有限，沒那麼強大。

Therefore, we shouldn't be able to speak so rapidly, so fluently without screwing everything up every five seconds.

如過符合該理論，我們應該每五秒鐘就會搞砸一次，無法講得那麼快、流利。

Not only that but grammar doesn't explain how we sound so natural.

不僅如此，文法也無法解釋語言自然程度。

Why do we say, 'Could you help me with this'? instead of, 'Would you aid me in this task'?

為什麼是說，「能幫個忙嗎？」而不是「你能幫我完成這個任務嗎？」

Both are equally grammatical, one sounds very weird, the other sounds very natural.

兩者都符合語法，但一個聽起來很奇怪，另一個聽起來很自然。

Why do we say 'good morning' instead of 'pleasant first half of the day'?

為什麼是說「早安」而不是「上半天快樂」？

Same situation: One sounds extremely strange, the other sounds very natural.

一樣，一個聽起來超怪，一個聽起來很自然。

Well, the answer to this question and the fluency puzzle is that

這個問題和流利度難題的答案是

we don't default to computing sentences using grammar rules and individual words at all.

我們根本不是用文法規則和單詞來組成句子的。

What we actually do is make use of a different part of the mind,

實際上，我們是用腦中另一個區域組成句子的，

not working memory or conscious memory but long-term memory, which is immensely powerful.

不是用工作記憶區或外顯記憶區，而是非常強大的長期記憶區。

We store large blocks of language in long-term memory that we can just pull out and line up as we speak as wholes

我們在長期記憶區存儲了大量的語言塊，讓我們可以在說話時將其取出並排列。

without having to compute or analyze or do any kind of difficult mental gymnastics as we go.

無需計算、分析或做任何複雜困難的運算。

These chunks of English are how we speak fluently and how we speak naturally.

這些英語塊是促成我們口說流利且自然的要件。

And if you, the second language speaker want to learn to speak in the same kind of way in English, as you already do in your first language,

如果你想讓你的第二語言 (英語) 像你的母語一樣流利，

you need to switch your focus from grammar and vocabulary, what you were taught in school.

你得將注意力從文法和詞彙，那些在學校學到的東西上移開。

And instead, start seeing and learning and using English as a system of high-frequency, highly natural chunks instead. 

相反，開始將英語視為使用頻繁、高度自然的詞組系統來學習及運用。

And once you get good at this, fluency and naturalness in the language will follow.

一旦做到這些，你的口語自然就會變得流利且自然。

I'll see you on the other side. And this is me, Dr. Julian Northbrook signing out from another video for another day.

其他影片見，我是 Julian Northbrook，今天的影片就到這。

See you later, guys. Bye-bye.

下次見，掰掰。